22nd Tennessee Cavalry (Barteau's)
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The 2nd Tennessee Cavalry Regiment, also known as the 22nd Tennessee Cavalry after it was consolidated with the 21st Tennessee Cavalry (Wilson’s), was a
cavalry Historically, cavalry (from the French word ''cavalerie'', itself derived from ''cheval'' meaning "horse") are groups of soldiers or warriors who Horses in warfare, fight mounted on horseback. Until the 20th century, cavalry were the most mob ...
unit of the
Confederate States of America The Confederate States of America (CSA), also known as the Confederate States (C.S.), the Confederacy, or Dixieland, was an List of historical unrecognized states and dependencies, unrecognized breakaway republic in the Southern United State ...
during the
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...
, organized on June 12, 1862. The unit was originally commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Clark Russell Barteau, who was promoted from the rank of
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on the day that he was placed in command of the new regiment. He was promoted to
colonel Colonel ( ; abbreviated as Col., Col, or COL) is a senior military Officer (armed forces), officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, a colon ...
a year later. Earlier, in May, 1862, the 4th Battalion Tennessee Cavalry (Branner's) and the 5th Battalion Tennessee Cavalry (McClellan's) were consolidated as the 2nd Tennessee Cavalry under Col.
Henry Marshall Ashby Henry Marshall Ashby (c. 1836 – July 10, 1868) was a Confederate States Army colonel during the American Civil War (Civil War). Although he commanded a brigade from June 1864 and a division at the Battle of Bentonville and through the surre ...
. To avoid confusion, these two units were referred to as the 2nd Tennessee (Ashby's) Cavalry and the 2nd Tennessee (Barteau's) Cavalry. At approximately the same time that Ashby's and Barteau's regiments became parts of the Confederate forces, another 2nd Tennessee Cavalry Regiment was organized within the Union Army. It was designated as the 2nd Regiment Tennessee Volunteer Cavalry and was also known as the 2nd East Tennessee Cavalry since it was composed of men from the eastern portion of the state. The exact date it was organised is unknown, because its muster rolls were destroyed at
Nolensville, Tennessee Nolensville is a town in Williamson County, Tennessee. Its population was 13,829 at the 2020 census. It was established in 1797 by William Nolen, a veteran of the American Revolutionary War. Located in Middle Tennessee, it is about 22 miles southe ...
on December 30, 1862.


Organization

The unit was organized in June 1862 by Brig.-Gen. William Beall. It was reorganized in June 1863 by Brig.-Gen.
Daniel Ruggles Daniel Ruggles (January 31, 1810 – June 1, 1897) was a Brigadier General in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He was a division commander at the Battle of Shiloh. Early life and military service Ruggles was born in Ba ...
, who added three more companies, and reinforced again on May 10, 1864 by Brig.-Gen.
Abraham Buford Abraham Buford (July 21, 1747 – June 30, 1833) was a Continental Army officer during the American Revolutionary War, rising to colonel and best known as the commanding officer of the American forces at the Battle of Waxhaws. After the war ...
. The unit was consolidated with the 21st Cavalry, which was commanded by Col. Andrew N. Wilson, in February 1865 by the
Confederate States War Department The Confederate States War Department was a cabinet-level department in the government of the Confederate States of America responsible for the administration of the affairs of the Confederate States Army. The War Department was led by the Confede ...
. Col. Clark R. Barteau left the following undated account of the confusion around the organization of his regiment: "I have stated that the regiment was organized June 6, 1863, but it is almost impossible to determine what is the proper date. It was organized and designated as the 2nd Tennessee Cavalry Regiment by Brigadier General Beall, June 13, 1862, with seven companies present, and three (not known) which he had ordered to report to it. He was immediately relieved of the cavalry command, the three companies did not report, and the regiment remained with seven companies until June 6, 1863, when three companies were added to it by Brigadier General Ruggles. I dated the organization of the regiment from this period, for the three companies (Captain Gurthay’s Alabama Company, Captain Carpenter’s Mississippi Company, and Captain Morphis’s Tennessee Company, which were added by General Ruggles) did not report until the Alabama Company was again transferred by Brigadier General Ferguson to Colonel Boyle’s Alabama Regiment, and the other two companies, which were operating near the Tennessee-Mississippi line, were allowed to go into other commands (during the time I was not in command of the regiment from July 12, 1863 until December 16). The regiment is not officially known at Richmond; no appointments have been made to it from the War Department. The original order of the organization was not forwarded by General Beall. He was captured at Port Hudson, and the original muster rolls, as well as the original order has been lost. No record of the organization of June 13, 1862 exists. At that time no organization less than a regiment could be received at Richmond. Captain N. Oswell dropped from (report torn) by order Brigadier General Ferguson and not yet returned from West. To this may be added the information that the original seven companies were a consolidation of 1st (MeNairy’s) Battalion and 7th (Bennett’s) Battalion (q.v.) In May, 1864, Brigadier General A. Buford assigned three more companies to complete the regiment, and finally on February 15, 1865, the War Department directed: “The organization of Barteau’s Tennessee Cavalry Regiment made by the addition of the companies commanded by Captain 0. B. Fans, S. H. Reeves and B. Edwards by order of Brigadier General A. Buford is hereby confirmed to date from the 10th day of May, 1864. It will be known as the 22nd Tennessee Cavalry Regiment.”''Tennesseans in the Civil War: A Military History of Confederate and Union Units with Available Rosters of Personnel, Tennessee''
Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1964.


Field Officers

The field officers were Colonel Clark R. Barteau, Lieutenant Colonel George H. Morton, Lieutenant Colonel Thomas E. Davis, Majors William Parrish, and O. B. Farris.


Company officers

The captains were: *
Nicholas Oswell Nicholas is a male name, the Anglophone version of an ancient Greek name in use since antiquity, and cognate with the modern Greek , . It originally derived from a combination of two Greek words meaning 'victory' and 'people'. In turn, the name ...
, from Company A. This was a consolidation of Companies A and B, McNairy's Battalion. *William Parrish (to major), Thomas B. Underwood, from Company B. This was a consolidation of Companies C and D, McNairy's Battalion. * Moses W. McKnight, from Company C. This was formerly Company E, McNairy's Battalion. * W. T. Rickman, from Company D. This was a consolidation of Companies A and C, 7th Battalion. *Christopher L. Bennett, William A. DeBow, from Company E. This was formerly Company B, 7th Battalion. *
Micajah Griffin Micajah is a given name. Notable people with the name include: People *Micajah Autry (1794–1836), American merchant, poet and lawyer who died in the Texas Revolution at the Battle of the Alamo * Micajah Burnett (1791–1879), American Shaker ar ...
, John A. Brinkley, from Company F. This was formerly company D, 7th Battalion. * Thomas Puryear, Jonathan M. Eastes, from Company G. This was a consolidation of companies E and F, 7th Battalion. These were the original seven companies. A. J. Guttery, 1st Co. "H". An Alabama company assigned June 6, 1863, and assigned to 56th Alabama Cavalry Regiment as Co. "L". No muster rolls of this regiment were found for Carpenter's and Morphis's companies. Morphis's Company served as 2nd Co. "I", 15th (Stewart's) Tennessee Cavalry (1st organization), and later in the 3rd (Forrest's Old) Regiment. B. Edwards, 2nd Co. "H". Men from Gibson, Obion and Weakley Counties. Samuel H. Reeves, Co. "I". Organized December 1, 1863, at Newbern, Dyer County of men from Gibson and Obion County. Oliver B. Farris, Co. "K". Organized December 1, 1863, at Newbern, Dyer County of men from Obion County. Barteau served as lieutenant colonel until June, 1863, when he was appointed colonel. Parrish resigned in April, 1864, and Captain B. Farris succeeded him as major.


Regiment's role in the Civil War

The regiment was stationed in
North Mississippi North Mississippi is a region in the northeastern portion of the U.S. state of Mississippi, consisting of Alcorn County, Mississippi, Alcorn, Itawamba County, Mississippi, Itawamba, Lee County, Mississippi, Lee, Pontotoc County, Mississippi, Pontot ...
for most of the war. A report from Company A, dated October 30, 1862, at
Guntown, Mississippi Guntown, officially the City of Guntown, is a city in Lee County, Mississippi, United States. It is located in the northern part of the Tupelo micropolitan area. The population was 2,410 at the 2020 Census. History Guntown is named for Virgi ...
, said: "It has from constant service been so reduced until at the present it is totally unfit for duty. It has changed commanders so often it is almost totally devoid of discipline." Other company reports told of constant outpost duty, scouting and picketing, and also of being with Brigadier General Frank Armstrong on his raid into West Tennessee beginning August 22, 1862, with engagements at Medon Station, September 1, Britton's Lane and Denmark, September 21, 1862. After this expedition, the regiment was with Brigadier General
Sterling Price Sterling Price (September 14, 1809 – September 29, 1867) was an American politician and military officer who was a senior General officers in the Confederate States Army, officer of the Confederate States Army, fighting in both the Weste ...
in the campaign around Iuka and
Corinth, Mississippi Corinth is a city in and the county seat of Alcorn County, Mississippi, Alcorn County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 14,622 at the 2020 census. Its ZIP codes are 38834 and 38835. It lies on the state line with Tennessee. His ...
, in October 1862. On January 31, 1863, the regiment was ported in Brigadier General
Daniel Ruggles Daniel Ruggles (January 31, 1810 – June 1, 1897) was a Brigadier General in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He was a division commander at the Battle of Shiloh. Early life and military service Ruggles was born in Ba ...
' 1st Mississippi District; and on March 6, General Ruggles, in reporting on the condition of his forces, said: "Lieutenant Colonel Barteau's troops are miserably armed, deficient in numbers, with not even ammunition sufficient for a skirmish." On March 20, he reported Barteau's Regiment had 235 to 315 men fit for duty. On April 21, at
Palo Alto, Mississippi Palo Alto (also Savannah) is a ghost town in Clay County, Mississippi, United States. Established c. 1846, it is located at (33.6806738, -88.8000525) at an elevation of 279 feet (85 m). History Palo Alto was named in honor of the Bat ...
, the regiment was part of a force under General
Samuel J. Gholson Samuel Jameson Gholson (May 19, 1808 – October 16, 1883) was a United States representative from Mississippi, a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Mississippi and the United States Dist ...
which met and defeated the
2nd Iowa Cavalry The 2nd Iowa Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Service The 2nd Iowa Cavalry was recruited in the following counties and organized at Davenport, Iowa they mustered in at Camp Joe H ...
, and pursued it to near Birmingham. On May 5, at King's Creek, near
Tupelo Tupelo commonly refers to: * Tupelo (tree), a small genus of deciduous trees with alternate, simple leaves * Tupelo, Mississippi, the county seat and the largest city of Lee County, Mississippi Tupelo may also refer to: Places * Tupelo, Arka ...
, still with General Gholson, the regiment was mentioned in Federal reports as being engaged in a skirmish at that point. On May 8, Bishop Paine, in a letter to President
Jefferson Davis Jefferson F. Davis (June 3, 1808December 6, 1889) was an American politician who served as the only President of the Confederate States of America, president of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1865. He represented Mississippi in the Unite ...
, reporting on conditions in North Mississippi, listed "Barteau's regiment, 540, 40 with horses, principally armed with shotguns." On May 17, a detachment under Captain Puryear was involved in a skirmish near Albany, Mississippi, and Lieutenant Anderson H. French was commended by General Ruggles for conspicuous gallantry. On August 27, 1863, the regiment was reported in Brigadier General Samuel W. Ferguson's Brigade at
Okolona, Mississippi Okolona is a city in and one of the two county seats of Chickasaw County, Mississippi, Chickasaw County, Mississippi, United States. It is located near the eastern border of the county. The population was 2,692 at the 2010 United States Census, ...
, along with the 2nd Alabama, 56th Alabama and 12th Mississippi Regiments. Barteau's regiment reported an aggregate of 548 on roll. It moved with General Ferguson to
Courtland, Alabama Courtland is a town in Lawrence County, Alabama, United States, and is included in the Decatur Metropolitan Area, as well as the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area. The population was 609 at the 2010 census, down from 769 in 2000. ...
, in October, 1863, and en route, was engaged at
Fulton, Mississippi Fulton is a city in and the county seat of Itawamba County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 4,542 at the 2020 census. The city is part of the Tupelo Micropolitan Statistical Area. History Fulton is named for Robert Fulton, ...
, on October 25. In reporting on this engagement, General Ferguson said: "Lieutenant Colonel Morton is due more than a passing tribute. He led his gallant band with a cool skill and determination, admirable in the extreme." The regiment remained in Ferguson's Brigade, Chalmers' Division, until January 26, 1864, when it was ordered to report to Major General
Nathan Bedford Forrest Nathan Bedford Forrest (July 13, 1821October 29, 1877) was an List of slave traders of the United States, American slave trader, active in the lower Mississippi River valley, who served as a General officers in the Confederate States Army, Con ...
, who had assumed command of the cavalry forces in North Mississippi. In Forrest's first move to reorganize his command on January 25, 1864, he placed Barteau's Regiment in Colonel (later Brigadier General)
Tyree H. Bell Tyree Harris Bell (September 5, 1815 – August 30, 1902) was a Confederate States Army General officers in the Confederate States Army#Brigadier general, brigadier general, during the American Civil War. As Lieutenant colonel (United States) ...
's Brigade, along with Russell's, Greer's, Newsom's, and Wilson's Regiments. All of these, except Barteau's, were irregular organizations raised during the fall of 1863 in West Tennessee. All of them, again with the exception of Barteau's, were shortly after consolidated and reorganized by General Forrest. On March 7, Bell's Brigade, of Brigadier General A. Buford's Division, was organized with Barteau's Regiment, 2Oth (Russell's) and 21st (Wilson's) Regiments. These regiments, with later additions, remained in Bell's Brigade until the end. The regiment was with General Forrest in his running battle with the force under Major General William Sooy Smith, which ended in the latter's total defeat in the Battle of Tishomingo Creek, or Brices Cross Roads, February 20–21-22, 1864. Reporting on the fighting on the 22nd, Forrest wrote: "About 300 men of the 2nd Tennessee Cavalry, under Colonel Barteau, and the 7th Tennessee Cavalry, Colonel Duckworth, received repeated charges from seven regiments of the enemy in the open field, and drove them back time after time, capturing three stands of colors and one piece of artillery." In 1864, Colonel Barteau became one of Forrest's "most important subordinates."
Samuel W. Mitcham Samuel W. Mitcham Jr. is an American author and military historian who specializes in the German war effort during World War II and the Confederate war effort during the American Civil War. He is the author of more than 40 books and has collabor ...

''Bust hell wide open: The life of Nathan Bedford Forrest''
Washington, DC: Regnery History, 2016.
The regiment took part in the capture of Fort Pillow on April 12, 1864, where Bell's brigade was placed temporarily under the command of Brigadier General
James Ronald Chalmers James Ronald Chalmers (January 11, 1831April 9, 1898) was an American politician and senior officer of the Confederate States Army who commanded infantry and cavalry in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. After the war, Chalmers se ...
. Its next major engagement was the
Battle of Harrisburg The Battle of Tupelo, also known as the Battle of Harrisburg, was a battle of the American Civil War fought July 14–15, 1864, near Tupelo, Mississippi. The Union victory over Confederate forces in north Mississippi ensured the safety of Sher ...
, July 13–15, 1864. Here the brigade had been increased by the addition of the 18th (Newsom's) Tennessee Cavalry Regiment. Barteau's Regiment suffered 66 casualties, including Colonel Barteau, who was wounded and furloughed. It was with General Forrest on his raid into Middle Tennessee, beginning with the capture of
Athens, Alabama Athens is a city in and the county seat of Limestone County, in the U.S. state of Alabama; it is included in the Huntsville-Decatur-Albertville, AL Combined Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city is 25,406. Hist ...
, on September 24, and ending with the recrossing of the
Tennessee River The Tennessee River is a long river located in the Southern United States, southeastern United States in the Tennessee Valley. Flowing through the states of Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Kentucky, it begins at the confluence of Fren ...
October 8, 1864. As part of Buford's Division, it took part in General
John Bell Hood John Bell Hood (June 1 or June 29, 1831 – August 30, 1879) was a Confederate general during the American Civil War. Hood's impetuosity led to high losses among his troops as he moved up in rank. Bruce Catton wrote that "the decision to replace ...
's invasion of Tennessee in November 1864, and withdrew into Mississippi again, after this campaign ended in disaster at Nashville. On February 13, 1865, General Forrest ordered all the Tennessee forces in his command to report to Brigadier General
William Hicks Jackson William Hicks "Red" Jackson (October 1, 1835 – March 30, 1903) was a career United States Army officer who graduated from West Point. After serving briefly in the Southwest and resigning when the American Civil War broke out, he served in th ...
, for consolidation into six regiments. As a result of this order the regiment was consolidated with the 21st (Wilson's) Regiment to form the 21st and 22nd Consolidated Tennessee Cavalry Regiment. On May 3, 1865, still in Bell's Brigade, the consolidated regiment reported 31 officers, 317 men present for duty, 260 effectives, 423 aggregate present, 641 aggregate present and absent. The consolidated regiment was paroled at
Gainesville, Alabama Gainesville is a town in Sumter County, Alabama, Sumter County, Alabama, United States. Founded in 1832, it was incorporated in 1835. At the 2010 United States census, 2010 census the population was 208, down from 220. Confederate States of Amer ...
, in May, 1865.


See also

*
List of Tennessee Confederate Civil War units This is a list of Confederate units from the state of Tennessee Tennessee (, ), officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borde ...


References


Further reading


''Hancock's Diary: or, a History of the Second Tennessee Confederate Cavalry''
Nashville, Tenn.: Brandon Printing Co., 1887. * John C. Rigdon
''Historical Sketch and Roster of The Tennessee 22nd Cavalry Regiment (Barteau's) (Tennessee Regimental History Series)''


External links



''NPS'' * ttp://tngenweb.org/civilwar/22nd-barteaus-tennessee-cavalry-regiment/ 22nd (Barteau’s) Tennessee Cavalry Regiment {{DEFAULTSORT:2nd 22nd Tennessee Cavalry (Barteau's) Units and formations of the Confederate States Army from Tennessee Military units and formations disestablished in 1865 1865 disestablishments in Tennessee 1862 establishments in Tennessee Military units and formations established in 1862