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27 (twenty-seven) is the natural number following 26 and preceding 28.


Mathematics

Including the null-motif, there are 27 distinct hypergraph motifs. There are exactly ''twenty-seven straight lines'' on a smooth
cubic surface In mathematics, a cubic surface is a surface in 3-dimensional space defined by one polynomial equation of degree 3. Cubic surfaces are fundamental examples in algebraic geometry. The theory is simplified by working in projective space rather than ...
, which give a basis of the fundamental representation of
Lie algebra In mathematics, a Lie algebra (pronounced ) is a vector space \mathfrak g together with an operation called the Lie bracket, an alternating bilinear map \mathfrak g \times \mathfrak g \rightarrow \mathfrak g, that satisfies the Jacobi ident ...
\mathrm . The unique simple formally real Jordan algebra, the exceptional Jordan algebra of self-adjoint 3 by 3 matrices of
quaternion In mathematics, the quaternion number system extends the complex numbers. Quaternions were first described by the Irish mathematician William Rowan Hamilton in 1843 and applied to mechanics in three-dimensional space. The algebra of quater ...
s, is 27-dimensional; its
automorphism group In mathematics, the automorphism group of an object ''X'' is the group consisting of automorphisms of ''X'' under composition of morphisms. For example, if ''X'' is a finite-dimensional vector space, then the automorphism group of ''X'' is the g ...
is the 52-dimensional exceptional Lie algebra \mathrm . There are twenty-seven sporadic groups, if the ''non-strict'' group of Lie type \mathrm (with an
irreducible representation In mathematics, specifically in the representation theory of groups and algebras, an irreducible representation (\rho, V) or irrep of an algebraic structure A is a nonzero representation that has no proper nontrivial subrepresentation (\rho, _W, ...
that is twice that of \mathrm in 104 dimensions) is included. In Robin's theorem for the
Riemann hypothesis In mathematics, the Riemann hypothesis is the conjecture that the Riemann zeta function has its zeros only at the negative even integers and complex numbers with real part . Many consider it to be the most important unsolved problem in pure ...
, twenty-seven integers fail to hold \sigma(n) < e^\gamma n \log \log n for values n \leq 5040, where \gamma is the
Euler–Mascheroni constant Euler's constant (sometimes called the Euler–Mascheroni constant) is a mathematical constant, usually denoted by the lowercase Greek letter gamma (), defined as the limiting difference between the harmonic series and the natural logarith ...
; this hypothesis is true
if and only if In logic and related fields such as mathematics and philosophy, "if and only if" (often shortened as "iff") is paraphrased by the biconditional, a logical connective between statements. The biconditional is true in two cases, where either bo ...
this inequality holds for every larger n. The Clebsch surface has 27 exceptional lines can be defined over the real numbers. It is possible to arrange 27 vertices and connect them with edges to create the Holt graph. 27 is 33, and therefore, it is the second
tetration In mathematics, tetration (or hyper-4) is an operation (mathematics), operation based on iterated, or repeated, exponentiation. There is no standard mathematical notation, notation for tetration, though Knuth's up arrow notation \uparrow \upa ...
of 3 (23).


In other fields

*The
27 club The 27 Club is an informal list consisting mostly of popular musicians, often expanded by artists, actors, and other celebrities who died at age 27. Although the claim of a " statistical spike" for the death of musicians at that age has been r ...
refers to the age when many popular music figures died. It connects the age 27 with connotations of an early end.


See also

* 72 (number) – 27 reversed


Notes


References


Further reading

Wells, D. ''
The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers ''The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers'' is a reference book for recreational mathematics and elementary number theory written by David Wells. The first edition was published in paperback by Penguin Books in 1986 in the UK, a ...
'' London: Penguin Group. (1987), p. 106.


External links


Prime Curios! 27
from the
Prime Pages The PrimePages is a website about prime number A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a Product (mathematics), product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is ...

Mystery of the number 27
- Large collection of 27 related trivia and facts.
The 27 Project
- collection of sightings of 27 in movies, TV, culture and art {{DEFAULTSORT:27 (Number) Integers