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Pre-1600

* 919 – The nobles of
Franconia Franconia ( ; ; ) is a geographical region of Germany, characterised by its culture and East Franconian dialect (). Franconia is made up of the three (governmental districts) of Lower Franconia, Lower, Middle Franconia, Middle and Upper Franco ...
and
Saxony Saxony, officially the Free State of Saxony, is a landlocked state of Germany, bordering the states of Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, and Bavaria, as well as the countries of Poland and the Czech Republic. Its capital is Dresden, and ...
elect
Henry the Fowler Henry the Fowler ( or '; ; – 2 July 936) was the duke of Saxony from 912 and the king of East Francia from 919 until his death in 936. As the first non- Frankish king of East Francia, he established the Ottonian dynasty of kings and emper ...
at the Imperial Diet in
Fritzlar Fritzlar () is a small town (pop. 15,000) in the Schwalm-Eder-Kreis, Schwalm-Eder district in northern Hesse, Germany, north of Frankfurt, with a storied history. The town has a medieval center ringed by a wall with numerous watch towers. high ...
as king of the
East Frankish Kingdom East Francia (Latin: ) or the Kingdom of the East Franks () was a successor state of Charlemagne's Carolingian Empire, empire created in 843 and ruled by the Carolingian dynasty until 911. It was established through the Treaty of Verdun (843) w ...
. * 1218 – The
Fifth Crusade The Fifth Crusade (September 1217 - August 29, 1221) was a campaign in a series of Crusades by Western Europeans to reacquire Jerusalem and the rest of the Holy Land by first conquering Egypt, ruled by the powerful Ayyubid sultanate, led by al- ...
leaves
Acre The acre ( ) is a Unit of measurement, unit of land area used in the Imperial units, British imperial and the United States customary units#Area, United States customary systems. It is traditionally defined as the area of one Chain (unit), ch ...
for
Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...
. *
1276 Year 1276 ( MCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Spring ** Sultan Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq and Muhammad II, ruler of Granada, agree to a truce with King Alfonso X ...
Magnus Ladulås Magnus Ladulås (, ) or Magnus Birgersson ( 1240 – 18 December 1290) was King of Sweden from 1275 until his death in 1290. He was a son of Birger Jarl, and became a king after a rebellion against his brother Valdemar, King of Sweden ...
is crowned
King of Sweden The monarchy of Sweden is centred on the monarchical head of state of Sweden,See the #IOG, Instrument of Government, Chapter 1, Article 5. by law a constitutional monarchy, constitutional and hereditary monarchy with a parliamentary system.Parl ...
in
Uppsala Cathedral Uppsala Cathedral () is a cathedral located between the University Hall (Uppsala University), University Hall of Uppsala University and the Fyris river in the centre of Uppsala, Sweden. A church of the Church of Sweden, the national church, in t ...
. * 1487 – The ten-year-old Lambert Simnel is crowned in
Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin Christ Church Cathedral, more formally The Cathedral of the Holy Trinity (Irish: ''Ardeaglais Theampall Chríost''), is the cathedral of the Diocese of Dublin and Glendalough, United Dioceses of Dublin and Glendalough and the cathedral of the e ...
, Ireland, with the name of Edward VI in a bid to threaten King Henry VII's reign. * 1567Erik XIV of Sweden and his guards
murder Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification (jurisprudence), justification or valid excuse (legal), excuse committed with the necessary Intention (criminal law), intention as defined by the law in a specific jurisd ...
five incarcerated Swedish nobles. * 1595 – '' Nomenclator'' of
Leiden University Library Leiden University Libraries is the set of libraries of Leiden University, founded in 1575 in Leiden, Netherlands. A later edition entitled ''The bastion of liberty : a history of Leiden University'', was published in 2018. Full-text at archive ...
appears, the first printed catalog of an institutional library.


1601–1900

*
1607 Events January–March * January 13 – The Bank of Genoa fails. * January 19 – San Agustin Church, Manila, is officially completed; by the 21st century it will be the oldest church in the Philippines. * January 30 – ...
Jamestown, the first permanent English colony in
North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South Ameri ...
, is founded. *
1621 Events January–March * January 12 – Şehzade Mehmed, the 15-year old half-brother of Ottoman Sultan Osman II, is put to death by hanging on Osman's orders. Before dying, Mehmed prays aloud that Osman's reign as Sultan be r ...
– The
Protestant Union The Protestant Union (), also known as the Evangelical Union, Union of Auhausen, German Union or the Protestant Action Party, was a coalition of Protestant German states. It was formed on 14 May 1608 by Frederick IV, Elector Palatine in order t ...
is formally dissolved. *
1626 Events January–March * January 7 – Polish–Swedish War (1625–1629), Polish-Swedish War: Battle of Wallhof in Latvia – Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, defeats a Polish army. * January 9 – Peter Minuit sail ...
Peter Minuit Peter Minuit (French language, French: ''Pierre Minuit'', Dutch language, Dutch: ''Peter Minnewit''; 1580 – August 5, 1638) was a Walloons, Walloon merchant and politician who was the 3rd Director of New Netherland, Director of the Dutch Nort ...
buys
Manhattan Manhattan ( ) is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the Boroughs of New York City, five boroughs of New York City. Coextensive with New York County, Manhattan is the County statistics of the United States#Smallest, larg ...
. * 1667 – The
French Royal Army The French Royal Army () was the principal land force of the Kingdom of France. It served the Bourbon dynasty from the reign of Louis XIV in the mid-17th century to that of Charles X in the 19th, with an interlude from 1792 to 1814 and another du ...
crosses the border into the
Spanish Netherlands The Spanish Netherlands (; ; ; ) (historically in Spanish: , the name "Flanders" was used as a '' pars pro toto'') was the Habsburg Netherlands ruled by the Spanish branch of the Habsburgs from 1556 to 1714. They were a collection of States of t ...
, starting the
War of Devolution The War of Devolution took place from May 1667 to May 1668. In the course of the war, Kingdom of France, France occupied large parts of the Spanish Netherlands and County of Burgundy, Franche-Comté, both then provinces of the Holy Roman Empire ...
opposing
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
to the
Spanish Empire The Spanish Empire, sometimes referred to as the Hispanic Monarchy (political entity), Hispanic Monarchy or the Catholic Monarchy, was a colonial empire that existed between 1492 and 1976. In conjunction with the Portuguese Empire, it ushered ...
and the Triple Alliance. * 1683 – The
Ashmolean Museum The Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology () on Beaumont Street in Oxford, England, is Britain's first public museum. Its first building was erected in 1678–1683 to house the cabinet of curiosities that Elias Ashmole gave to the University ...
in
Oxford Oxford () is a City status in the United Kingdom, cathedral city and non-metropolitan district in Oxfordshire, England, of which it is the county town. The city is home to the University of Oxford, the List of oldest universities in continuou ...
, England, opens as the world's first university museum. *
1689 Events Notable events during this year include: * Coup, war, and legislation in England and its territories. ** The overthrow of Catholic king James of England, Ireland, and Scotland in the Glorious Revolution. ** The latter realms ente ...
– The
English Parliament The Parliament of England was the legislature of the Kingdom of England from the 13th century until 1707 when it was replaced by the Parliament of Great Britain. Parliament evolved from the great council of bishops and peers that advised th ...
passes the Act of Toleration protecting dissenting Protestants but excluding
Roman Catholics The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institut ...
. *
1738 Events January–March * January 1 – At least 664 African slaves drown when the Dutch West Indies Company slave ship ''Leusden'' capsizes and sinks in the Maroni River during its arrival in Surinam. The Dutch crew escapes ...
John Wesley John Wesley ( ; 2 March 1791) was an English cleric, Christian theology, theologian, and Evangelism, evangelist who was a principal leader of a Christian revival, revival movement within the Church of England known as Methodism. The societies ...
is converted, essentially launching the
Methodist movement Methodism, also called the Methodist movement, is a Protestant Christian tradition whose origins, doctrine and practice derive from the life and teachings of John Wesley. George Whitefield and John's brother Charles Wesley were also significa ...
; the day is celebrated annually by Methodists as Aldersgate Day and a church service is generally held on the preceding Sunday. *
1798 Events January–June * January – Eli Whitney contracts with the U.S. federal government for 10,000 muskets, which he produces with interchangeable parts. * January 4 – Constantine Hangerli enters Bucharest, as Prince of ...
– The
Irish Rebellion of 1798 The Irish Rebellion of 1798 (; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ''The Turn out'', ''The Hurries'', 1798 Rebellion) was a popular insurrection against the British Crown in what was then the separate, but subordinate, Kingdom of Ireland. The m ...
led by the
United Irishmen The Society of United Irishmen was a sworn association, formed in the wake of the French Revolution, to secure Representative democracy, representative government in Ireland. Despairing of constitutional reform, and in defiance both of British ...
against British rule begins. *
1813 Events January–March * January 5 – The Danish state bankruptcy of 1813 occurs. * January 18– 23 – War of 1812: The Battle of Frenchtown is fought in modern-day Monroe, Michigan between the United States and a Britis ...
– South American independence leader
Simón Bolívar Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios (24July 178317December 1830) was a Venezuelan statesman and military officer who led what are currently the countries of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Panama, and Bol ...
enters Mérida, leading the invasion of
Venezuela Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many Federal Dependencies of Venezuela, islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It com ...
, and is proclaimed ''El Libertador'' ("The Liberator"). *
1822 Events January–March * January 1 – The Greek Constitution of 1822 is adopted by the First National Assembly at Epidaurus. * January 3 – The famous French explorer, Aimé Bonpland, is imprisoned in Paraguay on charges of espionage. ...
Battle of Pichincha:
Antonio José de Sucre Antonio José de Sucre y Alcalá (; 3 February 1795 – 4 June 1830), known as the "Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho" (), was a Venezuelan general and politician who served as the president of Bolivia from 1825 to 1828. A close friend and associate ...
secures the independence of the Presidency of Quito. *
1832 Events January–March * January 6 – Abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison founds the New-England Anti-Slavery Society. * January 13 – The Christmas Rebellion of slaves is brought to an end in Jamaica, after the island's white pla ...
– The First Kingdom of Greece is declared in the London Conference. *
1844 In the Philippines, 1844 had only 365 days, when Tuesday, December 31 was skipped as Monday, December 30 was immediately followed by Wednesday, January 1, 1845, the next day after. The change also applied to Caroline Islands, Guam, Marian ...
Samuel Morse Samuel Finley Breese Morse (April 27, 1791 – April 2, 1872) was an American inventor and painter. After establishing his reputation as a portrait painter, Morse, in his middle age, contributed to the invention of a Electrical telegraph#Morse ...
sends the message "What hath God wrought" (a
biblical The Bible is a collection of religious texts that are central to Christianity and Judaism, and esteemed in other Abrahamic religions such as Islam. The Bible is an anthology (a compilation of texts of a variety of forms) biblical languages ...
quotation,
Numbers A number is a mathematical object used to count, measure, and label. The most basic examples are the natural numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and so forth. Numbers can be represented in language with number words. More universally, individual numbers can ...
23:23) from a committee room in the
United States Capitol The United States Capitol, often called the Capitol or the Capitol Building, is the Seat of government, seat of the United States Congress, the United States Congress, legislative branch of the Federal government of the United States, federal g ...
to his assistant,
Alfred Vail Alfred Lewis Vail (September 25, 1807 – January 18, 1859) was an American machinist and inventor. Along with Samuel Morse, Vail was central in developing and commercializing American electrical telegraphy between 1837 and 1844. Vail and Morse ...
, in
Baltimore Baltimore is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland. With a population of 585,708 at the 2020 census and estimated at 568,271 in 2024, it is the 30th-most populous U.S. city. The Baltimore metropolitan area is the 20th-large ...
,
Maryland Maryland ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It borders the states of Virginia to its south, West Virginia to its west, Pennsylvania to its north, and Delaware to its east ...
, to inaugurate a commercial
telegraph Telegraphy is the long-distance transmission of messages where the sender uses symbolic codes, known to the recipient, rather than a physical exchange of an object bearing the message. Thus flag semaphore is a method of telegraphy, whereas ...
line between Baltimore and Washington D.C. *
1856 Events January–March * January 8 – Borax deposits are discovered in large quantities by John Veatch in California. * January 23 – The American sidewheel steamer SS ''Pacific'' leaves Liverpool (England) for a transatl ...
John Brown and his men kill five slavery supporters at Pottawatomie Creek, Kansas. * 1861
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...
: Union troops occupy
Alexandria, Virginia Alexandria is an independent city (United States), independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately south of Washington, D.C., D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 ...
, with Colonel Elmer E. Ellsworth becoming the first Union officer to be killed during the war. *
1873 Events January * January 1 ** Japan adopts the Gregorian calendar. ** The California Penal Code goes into effect. * January 17 – American Indian Wars: Modoc War: First Battle of the Stronghold – Modoc Indians defeat the Unit ...
Patrick Francis Healy becomes the first black president of a predominantly white university in the United States. *
1883 Events January * January 4 – ''Life'' magazine is founded in Los Angeles, California, United States. * January 10 – A fire at the Newhall Hotel in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, kills 73 people. * January 16 – ...
– The
Brooklyn Bridge The Brooklyn Bridge is a cable-stayed suspension bridge in New York City, spanning the East River between the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn. Opened on May 24, 1883, the Brooklyn Bridge was the first fixed crossing of the East River. It w ...
in
New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...
is opened to traffic after 14 years of construction. *
1900 As of March 1 ( O.S. February 17), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 13 days until February 28 ( O.S. February 15 ...
Second Boer War The Second Boer War (, , 11 October 189931 May 1902), also known as the Boer War, Transvaal War, Anglo–Boer War, or South African War, was a conflict fought between the British Empire and the two Boer republics (the South African Republic and ...
: The United Kingdom annexes the
Orange Free State The Orange Free State ( ; ) was an independent Boer-ruled sovereign republic under British suzerainty in Southern Africa during the second half of the 19th century, which ceased to exist after it was defeated and surrendered to the British Em ...
.


1901–present

*
1915 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January *January – British physicist Sir Joseph Larmor publishes his observations on "The Influence of Local Atmospheric Cooling on Astronomical Refraction". *January 1 * ...
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
:
Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...
declares war on
Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe#Before World War I, Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military ...
, joining the conflict on the side of the Allies. *
1930 Events January * January 15 – The Moon moves into its nearest point to Earth, called perigee, at the same time as its fullest phase of the Lunar Cycle. This is the closest moon distance at in recent history, and the next one will be on J ...
Amy Johnson Amy Johnson (born 1 July 1903 – disappeared 5 January 1941) was a pioneering English pilot who was the first woman to fly solo from London to Australia. Flying solo or with her husband, Jim Mollison, she set many long-distance records dur ...
lands in
Darwin, Northern Territory Darwin ( Larrakia: ') is the capital city of the Northern Territory, Australia. The city has nearly 53% of the Northern Territory's population, with 139,902 at the 2021 census. It is the smallest, wettest, and most northerly of the Australi ...
, becoming the first woman to fly solo from England to Australia (she left on
May 5 Events Pre-1600 * 553 – The Second Council of Constantinople begins. * 1215 – Rebel barons renounce their allegiance to King John of England — part of a chain of events leading to the signing of the Magna Carta. * 1260 – ...
for the 11,000 mile flight). *
1935 Events January * January 7 – Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval conclude an agreement, in which each power agrees not to oppose the other's colonial claims. * January 12 – Amelia Earhart ...
– The first
night game A night game, also called a nighter, is a sporting event that takes place, completely or partially, after the local sunset. Depending on the sport, this can be done either with Floodlights (sport), floodlights or with the usual low-light conditio ...
in
Major League Baseball Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball league composed of 30 teams, divided equally between the National League (baseball), National League (NL) and the American League (AL), with 29 in the United States and 1 in Canada. MLB i ...
history is played in
Cincinnati, Ohio Cincinnati ( ; colloquially nicknamed Cincy) is a city in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. Settled in 1788, the city is located on the northern side of the confluence of the Licking River (Kentucky), Licking and Ohio Ri ...
, with the
Cincinnati Reds The Cincinnati Reds are an American professional baseball team based in Cincinnati. The Reds compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (baseball), National League (NL) National League Central, Central Divisi ...
beating the
Philadelphia Phillies The Philadelphia Phillies are an American professional baseball team based in Philadelphia. The Phillies compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) East Division. Since 2004, the team's home stadium has ...
2–1 at
Crosley Field Crosley Field was a Major League Baseball park in Cincinnati, Ohio. It was the home field of the National League's Cincinnati Reds from 1912 through June 24, 1970, and the original Cincinnati Bengals football team, members of the second (1937) a ...
. *
1940 A calendar from 1940 according to the Gregorian calendar, factoring in the dates of Easter and related holidays, cannot be used again until the year 5280. Events Below, events related to World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January *Janu ...
Igor Sikorsky Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky, (25 May 1889 – 26 October 1972) was a Russian-American aviation pioneer in both helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft. His first success came with the Sikorsky S-2, the second aircraft of his design and construc ...
performs the first successful single-rotor
helicopter A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which Lift (force), lift and thrust are supplied by horizontally spinning Helicopter rotor, rotors. This allows the helicopter to VTOL, take off and land vertically, to hover (helicopter), hover, and ...
flight. *1940 – Acting on the orders of
Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
leader
Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Dzhugashvili; 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin, his death in 1953. He held power as General Secret ...
,
NKVD The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (, ), abbreviated as NKVD (; ), was the interior ministry and secret police of the Soviet Union from 1934 to 1946. The agency was formed to succeed the Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU) se ...
agent Iosif Grigulevich orchestrates an unsuccessful assassination attempt on exiled Russian revolutionary
Leon Trotsky Lev Davidovich Bronstein ( – 21 August 1940), better known as Leon Trotsky,; ; also transliterated ''Lyev'', ''Trotski'', ''Trockij'' and ''Trotzky'' was a Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician, and political theorist. He was a key figure ...
in
Coyoacán Coyoacán ( ; , Otomi: ) is a borough (''demarcación territorial'') in Mexico City. The former village is now the borough's "historic center". The name comes from Nahuatl and most likely means "place of coyotes", when the Aztecs named a pre- ...
, Mexico. *
1941 The Correlates of War project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 3.49 million. However, the Uppsala Conflict Data Program estimates that the subsequent year, 1942, wa ...
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
:
Battle of the Atlantic The Battle of the Atlantic, the longest continuous military campaign in World War II, ran from 1939 to the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, covering a major part of the naval history of World War II. At its core was the Allies of World War II, ...
: In the
Battle of the Denmark Strait The Battle of the Denmark Strait was a naval engagement in the Second World War, which took place on 24 May 1941 between ships of the Royal Navy and the ''Kriegsmarine''. The British battleship and the battlecruiser fought the German battlesh ...
, the German battleship ''Bismarck'' sinks the pride of the
Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom. It is a component of His Majesty's Naval Service, and its officers hold their commissions from the King of the United Kingdom, King. Although warships were used by Kingdom ...
, , killing all but three crewmen. *
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free France, Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command First Army (France), French Army B, part of the Sixt ...
Börse Berlin building burns down after being hit in an air raid during
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
. *
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free France, Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command First Army (France), French Army B, part of the Sixt ...
Congress of Përmet occurs which establishes a provisional government in
Albania Albania ( ; or ), officially the Republic of Albania (), is a country in Southeast Europe. It is located in the Balkans, on the Adriatic Sea, Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea, and shares land borders with Montenegro to ...
in areas under partisan control, the first independent Albanian government since
1939 This year also marks the start of the World War II, Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history. Events Events related to World War II have a "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 ** Coming into effect in Nazi Ger ...
. In honor of this the national emblem of Albania inscribed this date from 1946 until 1992. *
1948 Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The current Constitutions of Constitution of Italy, Italy and of Constitution of New Jersey, New Jersey (both later subject to amendment) ...
Arab–Israeli War: Egypt captures the Israeli
kibbutz A kibbutz ( / , ; : kibbutzim / ) is an intentional community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture. The first kibbutz, established in 1910, was Degania Alef, Degania. Today, farming has been partly supplanted by other economi ...
of Yad Mordechai, but the five-day effort gives Israeli forces time to prepare enough to stop the Egyptian advance a week later. *
1956 Events January * January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan after 57 years. * January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian Missionary, missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, E ...
– The first
Eurovision Song Contest The Eurovision Song Contest (), often known simply as Eurovision, is an international Music competition, song competition organised annually by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) among its members since 1956. Each participating broadcaster ...
is held in
Lugano Lugano ( , , ; ) is a city and municipality within the Lugano District in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland. It is the largest city in both Ticino and the Italian-speaking region of southern Switzerland. Lugano has a population () of , and an u ...
, Switzerland. *
1958 Events January * January 1 – The European Economic Community (EEC) comes into being. * January 3 – The West Indies Federation is formed. * January 4 ** Edmund Hillary's Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition completes the thir ...
United Press International United Press International (UPI) is an American international news agency whose newswires, photo, news film, and audio services provided news material to thousands of newspapers, magazines, radio and television stations for most of the 20th ce ...
is formed through a merger of the
United Press United Press International (UPI) is an American international news agency whose newswires, photo, news film, and audio services provided news material to thousands of newspapers, magazines, radio and television stations for most of the 20th ...
and the
International News Service The International News Service (INS) was a U.S.-based news agency (newswire) founded by newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst in 1909.
. *
1960 It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism. Events January * Janu ...
– Following the
1960 Valdivia earthquake The 1960 Valdivia earthquake and tsunami () or the Great Chilean earthquake (''Gran terremoto de Chile'') occurred on 22 May 1960. Most studies have placed it at 9.5–9.6 on the moment magnitude scale, while some studies have placed the magnitu ...
, the largest ever recorded earthquake, Cordón Caulle begins to erupt. *
1961 Events January * January 1 – Monetary reform in the Soviet Union, 1961, Monetary reform in the Soviet Union. * January 3 ** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and cons ...
American civil rights movement:
Freedom Riders Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the Racial segregation in the United States, segregated Southern United States, Southern United States in 1961 and subsequent years to challenge the non-enforcement of t ...
are arrested in
Jackson, Mississippi Jackson is the List of capitals in the United States, capital and List of municipalities in Mississippi, most populous city of the U.S. state of Mississippi. The city sits on the Pearl River (Mississippi–Louisiana), Pearl River and is locate ...
, for "disturbing the peace" after disembarking from their bus. *
1962 The year saw the Cuban Missile Crisis, which is often considered the closest the world came to a Nuclear warfare, nuclear confrontation during the Cold War. Events January * January 1 – Samoa, Western Samoa becomes independent from Ne ...
Project Mercury Project Mercury was the first human spaceflight program of the United States, running from 1958 through 1963. An early highlight of the Space Race, its goal was to put a man into Earth orbit and return him safely, ideally before the Soviet Un ...
: American
astronaut An astronaut (from the Ancient Greek (), meaning 'star', and (), meaning 'sailor') is a person trained, equipped, and deployed by a List of human spaceflight programs, human spaceflight program to serve as a commander or crew member of a spa ...
Scott Carpenter Malcolm Scott Carpenter (May 1, 1925 – October 10, 2013) was an American naval officer and aviator, test pilot, aeronautical engineer, astronaut, and aquanaut. He was one of the Mercury Seven astronauts selected for NASA's Project Mercury ...
orbits the Earth three times in the '' Aurora 7''
space capsule A space capsule is a spacecraft designed to transport cargo, scientific experiments, and/or astronauts to and from space. Capsules are distinguished from other spacecraft by the ability to survive reentry and return a payload to the Earth's surfa ...
. *
1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Canadian Confederation, Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 6 – Vietnam War: United States Marine Corps and Army of ...
Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...
imposes a blockade and siege of the
Red Sea The Red Sea is a sea inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. Its connection to the ocean is in the south, through the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait and the Gulf of Aden. To its north lie the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and th ...
coast of
Israel Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Isr ...
. * 1967 – Belle de Jour, directed by
Luis Buñuel Luis Buñuel Portolés (; 22 February 1900 – 29 July 1983) was a Spanish and Mexican filmmaker who worked in France, Mexico and Spain. He has been widely considered by many film critics, historians and directors to be one of the greatest and ...
, is released. *
1976 Events January * January 2 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force. * January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea. * January 18 – Full diplomatic ...
– The
Judgment of Paris The Judgement of Paris is a story from Greek mythology, which was one of the events that led up to the Trojan War, and in later versions to the foundation of Rome. Eris (mythology), Eris, the goddess of discord, was not invited to the wedding ...
takes place in France, launching
California California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States that lies on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares Mexico–United States border, an ...
as a worldwide force in the production of quality
wine Wine is an alcoholic drink made from Fermentation in winemaking, fermented fruit. Yeast in winemaking, Yeast consumes the sugar in the fruit and converts it to ethanol and carbon dioxide, releasing heat in the process. Wine is most often made f ...
. *
1981 Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 6 – A funeral service is held in West Germany for Nazi Grand Admiral ...
– Ecuadorian president Jaime Roldós Aguilera, his wife, and his presidential committee die in an aircraft accident while travelling from Quito to Zapotillo minutes after the president gave a famous speech regarding the 24 de mayo anniversary of the Battle of Pichincha. *
1982 Events January * January 1 – In Malaysia and Singapore, clocks are adjusted to the same time zone, UTC+8 (GMT+8.00). * January 13 – Air Florida Flight 90 crashes shortly after takeoff into the 14th Street Bridge in Washington, D.C. ...
Liberation of Khorramshahr:
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...
ians recapture of the port city of Khorramshahr from the
Iraqis Iraqis ( ; ) are the citizens and nationals of the Republic of Iraq. The majority of Iraqis are Arabs, with Kurds accounting for the largest ethnic minority, followed by Turkmen. Other ethnic groups from the country include Yazidis, As ...
during the
Iran–Iraq War The Iran–Iraq War, also known as the First Gulf War, was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq that lasted from September 1980 to August 1988. Active hostilities began with the Iraqi invasion of Iran and lasted for nearly eight years, unti ...
. * 1988
Section 28 Section 28 refers to a part of the Local Government Act 1988, which stated that Local government in the United Kingdom, local authorities in England, Scotland and Wales "shall not intentionally promote homosexuality or publish material with t ...
of the United Kingdom's Local Government Act 1988, a controversial amendment stating that a
local authority Local government is a generic term for the lowest tiers of governance or public administration within a particular sovereign state. Local governments typically constitute a subdivision of a higher-level political or administrative unit, such a ...
cannot intentionally promote
homosexuality Homosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction, or Human sexual activity, sexual behavior between people of the same sex or gender. As a sexual orientation, homosexuality is "an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexu ...
, is enacted. *
1991 It was the final year of the Cold War, which had begun in 1947. During the year, the Soviet Union Dissolution of the Soviet Union, collapsed, leaving Post-soviet states, fifteen sovereign republics and the Commonwealth of Independent State ...
Israel Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Isr ...
conducts
Operation Solomon Operation Solomon (, Mivtza Shlomo) was a covert Israeli military operation from May 24 to 25, 1991, to airlift Ethiopian Jews to Israel. Non-stop flights of 35 Israeli aircraft, including Israeli Air Force C-130s and El Al Boeing 747s, tran ...
, evacuating
Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...
n Jews to Israel. *
1992 1992 was designated as International Space Year by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 – Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt replaces Javier Pérez de Cuéllar of Peru as United Nations Secretary-General. * January 6 ** The Republ ...
– The last Thai dictator, General Suchinda Kraprayoon, resigns following pro-democracy protests. * 1992 – The ethnic cleansing in Kozarac, Bosnia and Herzegovina begins when Serbian militia and police forces enter the town. *
1993 The United Nations General Assembly, General Assembly of the United Nations designated 1993 as: * International Year for the World's Indigenous People The year 1993 in the Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands had only 364 days, since its ...
Eritrea Eritrea, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa, with its capital and largest city being Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopia in the Eritrea–Ethiopia border, south, Sudan in the west, and Dj ...
gains its independence from
Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...
. * 1993 – Roman Catholic Cardinal Juan Jesús Posadas Ocampo and five other people are assassinated in a shootout at Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla Guadalajara International Airport in Mexico. *
1994 The year 1994 was designated as the " International Year of the Family" and the "International Year of Sport and the Olympic Ideal" by the United Nations. In the Line Islands and Phoenix Islands of Kiribati, 1994 had only 364 days, omitti ...
– Four men are convicted of bombing the World Trade Center in New York in 1993; each one is sentenced to 240 years in prison. *
1995 1995 was designated as: * United Nations Year for Tolerance * World Year of Peoples' Commemoration of the Victims of the Second World War This was the first year that the Internet was entirely privatized, with the United States government ...
– While attempting to return to
Leeds Bradford Airport Leeds Bradford Airport is located in Yeadon, West Yorkshire, Yeadon, in the City of Leeds, City of Leeds Metropolitan District in West Yorkshire, England, about northwest of Leeds city centre, and about northeast from Bradford city centre. ...
in the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
, Knight Air Flight 816 crashes in Dunkeswick,
North Yorkshire North Yorkshire is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in Northern England.The Unitary authorities of England, unitary authority areas of City of York, York and North Yorkshire (district), North Yorkshire are in Yorkshire and t ...
, killing all 12 people on board. *
1999 1999 was designated as the International Year of Older Persons. Events January * January 1 – The euro currency is established and the European Central Bank assumes its full powers. * January 3 – The Mars Polar Lander is launc ...
– The
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) was a body of the United Nations that was established to prosecute the war crimes in the Yugoslav Wars, war crimes that had been committed during the Yugoslav Wars and to tr ...
in
The Hague The Hague ( ) is the capital city of the South Holland province of the Netherlands. With a population of over half a million, it is the third-largest city in the Netherlands. Situated on the west coast facing the North Sea, The Hague is the c ...
, Netherlands indicts
Slobodan Milošević Slobodan Milošević ( sr-Cyrl, Слободан Милошевић, ; 20 August 1941 – 11 March 2006) was a Yugoslav and Serbian politician who was the President of Serbia between 1989 and 1997 and President of the Federal Republic of Yugos ...
and four others for
war crime A war crime is a violation of the laws of war that gives rise to individual criminal responsibility for actions by combatants in action, such as intentionally killing civilians or intentionally killing prisoners of war, torture, taking hostage ...
s and
crimes against humanity Crimes against humanity are certain serious crimes committed as part of a large-scale attack against civilians. Unlike war crimes, crimes against humanity can be committed during both peace and war and against a state's own nationals as well as ...
committed in
Kosovo Kosovo, officially the Republic of Kosovo, is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe with International recognition of Kosovo, partial diplomatic recognition. It is bordered by Albania to the southwest, Montenegro to the west, Serbia to the ...
. *
2000 2000 was designated as the International Year for the Culture of Peace and the World Mathematics, Mathematical Year. Popular culture holds the year 2000 as the first year of the 21st century and the 3rd millennium, because of a tende ...
– Israeli troops withdraw from southern Lebanon after 22 years of occupation. *
2002 The effects of the September 11 attacks of the previous year had a significant impact on the affairs of 2002. The war on terror was a major political focus. Without settled international law, several nations engaged in anti-terror operation ...
– Russia and the United States sign the Moscow Treaty. *
2014 The year 2014 was marked by the surge of the Western African Ebola epidemic, West African Ebola epidemic, which began in 2013, becoming the List of Ebola outbreaks, most widespread outbreak of the Ebola, Ebola virus in human history, resul ...
– A 6.4 magnitude
earthquake An earthquakealso called a quake, tremor, or tembloris the shaking of the Earth's surface resulting from a sudden release of energy in the lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in intensity, from those so weak they ...
occurs in the
Aegean Sea The Aegean Sea is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Asia. It is located between the Balkans and Anatolia, and covers an area of some . In the north, the Aegean is connected to the Marmara Sea, which in turn con ...
between
Greece Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. Located on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to th ...
and
Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...
, injuring 324 people. * 2014 – At least three people are killed in a
shooting Shooting is the act or process of discharging a projectile from a ranged weapon (such as a gun, bow, crossbow, slingshot, or blowpipe). Even the acts of launching flame, artillery, darts, harpoons, grenades, rockets, and guided missile ...
at Brussels' Jewish Museum of Belgium. *
2019 This was the year in which the first known human case of COVID-19 was documented, preceding COVID-19 pandemic, the pandemic which was declared by the World Health Organization the following year. Up to that point, 2019 had been described as ...
– Twenty-two students die in a
fire Fire is the rapid oxidation of a fuel in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction Product (chemistry), products. Flames, the most visible portion of the fire, are produced in the combustion re ...
in
Surat Surat (Gujarati Language, Gujarati: ) is a city in the western Indian States and territories of India, state of Gujarat. The word Surat directly translates to ''face'' in Urdu, Gujarati language, Gujarati and Hindi. Located on the banks of t ...
(
India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
). * 2019 – Under pressure over her handling of
Brexit Brexit (, a portmanteau of "Britain" and "Exit") was the Withdrawal from the European Union, withdrawal of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU). Brexit officially took place at 23:00 GMT on 31 January 2020 (00:00 1 February ...
, British Prime Minister
Theresa May Theresa Mary May, Baroness May of Maidenhead (; ; born 1 October 1956), is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from 2016 to 2019. She previously served as Home Secretar ...
announces her resignation as Leader of the Conservative Party (UK), Conservative Party, effective as of June 7. *2022 – A Uvalde school shooting, mass shooting occurs at Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, Texas, United States, resulting in the deaths of 21 people, including 19 children.


Births


Pre-1600

*15 BC – Germanicus, Roman general (died 19) *1335 – Margaret of Bohemia, Queen of Hungary (died 1349) *1494 – Pontormo, Italian painter (died 1557) *1522 – John Jewel, English bishop (died 1571) *1544 – William Gilbert (astronomer), William Gilbert, English physician, physicist, and astronomer (died 1603) *1576 – Elizabeth Carey, Lady Berkeley, English courtier (died 1635)


1601–1900

*1616 – John Maitland, 1st Duke of Lauderdale, Scottish politician, Secretary of State, Scotland (died 1682) *1628 – Marek Sobieski (1628–1652), Marek Sobieski, Polish noble (died 1652) *1669 – Emerentia von Düben, Swedish royal favorite (died 1743) *1671 – Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (died 1737) *1686 – Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, Polish-German physicist and engineer, developed the Fahrenheit, Fahrenheit scale (died 1736) *
1689 Events Notable events during this year include: * Coup, war, and legislation in England and its territories. ** The overthrow of Catholic king James of England, Ireland, and Scotland in the Glorious Revolution. ** The latter realms ente ...
– Daniel Finch, 8th Earl of Winchilsea, English politician, Lord President of the Council (died 1769) *1743 – Jean-Paul Marat, Swiss-French physician, journalist, and politician (died 1793) *1789 – Cathinka Buchwieser, German operatic singer and actress (died 1828) *1794 – William Whewell, English priest and philosopher (died 1866) *1803 – Alexander von Nordmann, Finnish biologist and paleontologist (died 1866) *1810 – Abraham Geiger, German rabbi and scholar (died 1874) *1816 – Emanuel Leutze, German-American painter (died 1868) *1819 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom (died 1901) *1830 – Alexei Savrasov, Russian painter and academic (died 1897) *1855 – Arthur Wing Pinero, English actor, director, and playwright (died 1934) * 1861 – Gerald Strickland, 1st Baron Strickland, Maltese lawyer and politician, 4th Prime Minister of Malta (died 1940) *1863 – George Grey Barnard, American sculptor (died 1938) *1868 – Charlie Taylor (mechanic), Charlie Taylor, American engineer and mechanic (died 1956) *1870 – Benjamin N. Cardozo, American lawyer and judge (died 1938) * 1870 – Jan Smuts, South African lawyer and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of South Africa (died 1950) *1874 – Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine (1874–1878), Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine (died 1878) *1875 – Robert Garrett, American discus thrower and shot putter (died 1961) *1878 – Lillian Moller Gilbreth, American psychologist and engineer (died 1972) *1879 – H. B. Reese, American candy maker, created Reese's Peanut Butter Cups (died 1956) *1886 – Paul Paray, French organist, composer, and conductor (died 1979) *1887 – Mick Mannock, Irish soldier and pilot, Victoria Cross recipient (died 1918) *1891 – William F. Albright, American archaeologist, philologist, and scholar (died 1971) *1892 – Elizabeth Foreman Lewis, American author and educator (died 1958) *1895 – Samuel Irving Newhouse Sr., American publisher, founded Advance Publications (died 1979) *1899 – Suzanne Lenglen, French tennis player (died 1938) * 1899 – Henri Michaux, Belgian-French poet and painter (died 1984) *
1900 As of March 1 ( O.S. February 17), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 13 days until February 28 ( O.S. February 15 ...
– Eduardo De Filippo, Italian actor and screenwriter (died 1984)


1901–present

*1901 – José Nasazzi, Uruguayan footballer and manager (died 1968) *1902 – Lionel Conacher, Canadian football player and politician (died 1954) * 1902 – Sylvia Daoust, Canadian sculptor (died 2004) *1904 – Chūhei Nambu, Japanese jumper and journalist (died 1997) *1905 – George Nakashima, American woodworker and architect (died 1990) * 1905 – Mikhail Sholokhov, Russian novelist and short story writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1984) *1909 – Wilbur Mills, American banker and politician (died 1992) *1910 – Jimmy Demaret, American golfer (died 1983) *1913 – Joe Abreu, American baseball player and soldier (died 1993) *1914 – Lilli Palmer, German-American actress (died 1986) *1916 – Roden Cutler, Australian lieutenant and politician, 32nd Governor of New South Wales (died 2002) *1917 – Alan Campbell, Baron Campbell of Alloway, English lawyer and judge (died 2013) *1918 – Coleman Young, American politician, 66th Mayor of Detroit (died 1997) *1922 – Siobhán McKenna, Irish actress (died 1986) *1924 – Philip Pearlstein, American soldier and painter (died 2022) *1925 – Carmine Infantino, American illustrator and educator (died 2013) * 1925 – Mai Zetterling, Swedish actress and director (died 1994) *1926 – Stanley Baxter, Scottish actor and screenwriter *1928 – William Trevor, Irish novelist, playwright and short story writer (died 2016) *1932 – Arnold Wesker, English playwright and producer (died 2016) *1933 – Jane Byrne, American lawyer and politician, 50th Mayor of Chicago (died 2014) * 1933 – Réal Giguère, Canadian television host and actor (died 2019) * 1933 – Aharon Lichtenstein, French-Israeli rabbi and author (died 2015) *
1935 Events January * January 7 – Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval conclude an agreement, in which each power agrees not to oppose the other's colonial claims. * January 12 – Amelia Earhart ...
– Joan Micklin Silver, American director and screenwriter (died 2020) *1936 – Harold Budd, American composer and poet (died 2020) *1937 – Maryvonne Dupureur, French runner and educator (died 2008) * 1937 – Archie Shepp, American saxophonist and composer *1938 – Prince Buster, Jamaican singer-songwriter and producer (died 2016) * 1938 – Tommy Chong, Canadian-American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter *
1940 A calendar from 1940 according to the Gregorian calendar, factoring in the dates of Easter and related holidays, cannot be used again until the year 5280. Events Below, events related to World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January *Janu ...
– Joseph Brodsky, Russian-American poet and essayist, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1996) *
1941 The Correlates of War project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 3.49 million. However, the Uppsala Conflict Data Program estimates that the subsequent year, 1942, wa ...
– Bob Dylan, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, artist, writer, and producer; Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate * 1941 – Patricia Hollis, Baroness Hollis of Heigham, English academic and politician (died 2018) *1942 – Ali Bacher, South African cricketer and manager * 1942 – Hannu Mikkola, Finnish race car driver (died 2021) * 1942 – Ichirō Ozawa, Japanese lawyer and politician, Ministry of Home Affairs (Japan), Japanese Minister of Home Affairs *1943 – Gary Burghoff, American actor *
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free France, Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command First Army (France), French Army B, part of the Sixt ...
– Patti LaBelle, American singer-songwriter and actress * 1944 – Dominique Lavanant, French actress *1945 – Terry Callier, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2012) * 1945 – Steven Norris, English engineer and politician * 1945 – Richard Ottaway, English lieutenant and politician, Shadow Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs * 1945 – Priscilla Presley, American actress and businesswoman *1946 – Tansu Çiller, Turkish politician, Prime Minister of Turkey * 1946 – Jesualdo Ferreira, Portuguese footballer and manager * 1946 – Irena Szewińska, Russian-Polish sprinter (died 2018) *1947 – Albert Bouchard, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and drummer * 1947 – Mike De Leon, Filipino director, producer, screenwriter and cinematographer * 1947 – Mike Reid (singer), Mike Reid, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and American football player * 1947 – Waddy Wachtel, American guitarist, singer-songwriter, and record producer * 1947 – Martin Winterkorn, German businessman *
1948 Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The current Constitutions of Constitution of Italy, Italy and of Constitution of New Jersey, New Jersey (both later subject to amendment) ...
– Richard Dembo, French director and screenwriter (died 2004) *1949 – Jim Broadbent, English actor * 1949 – Roger Deakins, English cinematographer *1953 – Alfred Molina, English actor *1955 – Rosanne Cash, American singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1955 – Philippe Lafontaine, Belgian singer and songwriter * 1955 – Rajesh Roshan, Indian composer *
1956 Events January * January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan after 57 years. * January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian Missionary, missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, E ...
– R. B. Bernstein, American constitutional historian (died 2023) * 1956 – Larry Blackmon, American singer-songwriter and producer * 1956 – Dominic Grieve, English lawyer and politician, Attorney General for England and Wales * 1956 – Michael Jackson (bishop), Michael Jackson, Irish archbishop *
1958 Events January * January 1 – The European Economic Community (EEC) comes into being. * January 3 – The West Indies Federation is formed. * January 4 ** Edmund Hillary's Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition completes the thir ...
– Chip Ganassi, American race car driver, team owner and businessman *1959 – Pelle Lindbergh, Swedish-American ice hockey player (died 1985) * 1959 – Barry O'Farrell, Australian politician, 43rd Premier of New South Wales *
1960 It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism. Events January * Janu ...
– Guy Fletcher, English keyboard player, guitarist, and producer * 1960 – Bill Harrigan, Australian rugby league referee and sportscaster * 1960 – Kristin Scott Thomas, English actress *
1961 Events January * January 1 – Monetary reform in the Soviet Union, 1961, Monetary reform in the Soviet Union. * January 3 ** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and cons ...
– Lorella Cedroni, Italian philosopher and theorist (died 2013) * 1961 – Alain Lemieux, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach *
1962 The year saw the Cuban Missile Crisis, which is often considered the closest the world came to a Nuclear warfare, nuclear confrontation during the Cold War. Events January * January 1 – Samoa, Western Samoa becomes independent from Ne ...
– Héctor Camacho, Puerto Rican-American boxer (died 2012) * 1962 – Gene Anthony Ray, American actor, dancer, and choreographer (died 2003) *1963 – Ivan Capelli, Italian race car driver and sportscaster * 1963 – Michael Chabon, American novelist, short story writer, and screenwriter * 1963 – Joe Dumars, American basketball player * 1963 – Rich Rodriguez, American football player and coach * 1963 – Valerie Taylor (computer scientist), Valerie Taylor, American computer scientist and educator *1964 – Liz McColgan, Scottish educator and runner * 1964 – Adrian Moorhouse, English swimmer * 1964 – Isidro Pérez, Mexican boxer (died 2013) * 1964 – Pat Verbeek, Canadian ice hockey player and manager *1965 – John C. Reilly, American actor * 1965 – Shinichirō Watanabe, Japanese director, producer, and screenwriter *1966 – Eric Cantona, French footballer and actor * 1966 – Ricky Craven, American race car driver and sportscaster *
1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Canadian Confederation, Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 6 – Vietnam War: United States Marine Corps and Army of ...
– Tamer Karadağlı, Turkish actor * 1967 – Andrey Borodin, Russian-English economist and businessman * 1967 – Eric Close, American actor * 1967 – Heavy D, Jamaican-American rapper, producer, and actor (died 2011) * 1967 – Carlos Hernández (catcher), Carlos Hernández, Venezuelan-American baseball player and manager *1969 – Martin McCague, Northern Irish-English cricketer * 1969 – Jacob Rees-Mogg, English politician * 1969 – Rich Robinson, American guitarist and songwriter * 1969 – Mandar Agashe, Indian music director and businessman *1971 – Kris Draper, Canadian ice hockey player and manager *1972 – Greg Berlanti, American director, producer, and screenwriter *1973 – Rodrigo (musician), Rodrigo, Argentinian singer-songwriter (died 2000) * 1973 – Bartolo Colón, Dominican-American baseball player * 1973 – Shirish Kunder, Indian director, producer, and screenwriter * 1973 – Vladimír Šmicer, Czech footballer and manager *1974 – Sébastien Foucan, French runner and actor * 1974 – Masahide Kobayashi, Japanese baseball player and coach * 1974 – Magnus Manske, German biochemist and computer programmer, developed MediaWiki *1975 – Will Sasso, Canadian actor and comedian * 1975 – Marc Gagnon, Canadian speed skater * 1975 – Giannis Goumas, Greek footballer and coach * 1975 – Maria Lawson, English singer-songwriter *
1976 Events January * January 2 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force. * January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea. * January 18 – Full diplomatic ...
– Alessandro Cortini, Italian-American singer and keyboard player * 1976 – Catherine Cox (netball), Catherine Cox, New Zealand-Australian netball player * 1976 – Silje Vige, Norwegian singer *1977 – Jeet Gannguli, Indian score composer, music director and singer *1978 – Elijah Burke, American wrestler * 1978 – Johan Holmqvist, Swedish ice hockey player * 1978 – Brad Penny, American baseball player * 1978 – Rose (French singer), Rose, French singer, songwriter and composer *1979 – Tracy McGrady, American basketball player * 1979 – Kareem McKenzie, American football player *1980 – Jason Babin, American football player * 1980 – Anthony Minichiello, Australian rugby league player *
1981 Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 6 – A funeral service is held in West Germany for Nazi Grand Admiral ...
– Andy Lee (comedian), Andy Lee, Australian comedian, actor, and screenwriter *
1982 Events January * January 1 – In Malaysia and Singapore, clocks are adjusted to the same time zone, UTC+8 (GMT+8.00). * January 13 – Air Florida Flight 90 crashes shortly after takeoff into the 14th Street Bridge in Washington, D.C. ...
– Issah Gabriel Ahmed, Ghanaian footballer * 1982 – Rian Wallace, American football player *1983 – Custódio Castro, Portuguese footballer * 1983 – Pedram Javaheri, Iranian-American meteorologist and journalist * 1983 – Woo Seung-yeon, South Korean model and actress (died 2009) *1984 – Sarah Hagan, American actress * 1984 – Dmitri Kruglov, Estonian footballer * 1984 – Masaya Takahashi, Japanese wrestler *1985 – Tim Bridgman, English race car driver *1986 – Mark Ballas, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, dancer, and actor * 1986 – Giannis Kontoes, Greek footballer *1987 – Guillaume Latendresse, Canadian ice hockey player * 1988 – Artem Anisimov, Russian ice hockey player * 1988 – Monica Lin Brown, American sergeant * 1988 – Billy Gilman, American musician * 1988 – Lucian Wintrich, American political artist and White House correspondent * 1988 – Denis Petrić, Slovenian footballer *1989 – G-Eazy, American rapper * 1989 – Andrew Jordan (racing driver), Andrew Jordan, English race car driver * 1989 – Kalin Lucas, American basketball player *1990 – Mattias Ekholm, Swedish ice hockey player *1990 – Joey Logano, American race car driver *
1991 It was the final year of the Cold War, which had begun in 1947. During the year, the Soviet Union Dissolution of the Soviet Union, collapsed, leaving Post-soviet states, fifteen sovereign republics and the Commonwealth of Independent State ...
– Aled Davies (field athlete), Aled Davies, Welsh discus thrower * 1991 – Cody Eakin, Canadian ice hockey player *
1992 1992 was designated as International Space Year by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 – Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt replaces Javier Pérez de Cuéllar of Peru as United Nations Secretary-General. * January 6 ** The Republ ...
– Marcus Bettinelli, English footballer *
1994 The year 1994 was designated as the " International Year of the Family" and the "International Year of Sport and the Olympic Ideal" by the United Nations. In the Line Islands and Phoenix Islands of Kiribati, 1994 had only 364 days, omitti ...
– Rodrigo De Paul, Argentine footballer * 1994 – Jarell Martin, American basketball player * 1994 – Emily Nicholl, Scottish netball player * 1994 – Daiya Seto, Japanese swimmer * 1994 – Emily Temple-Wood, Emily Temple Wood, American 2016 Wikipedian of the Year award *1996 – Shu Uchida, Japanese voice actress *
1999 1999 was designated as the International Year of Older Persons. Events January * January 1 – The euro currency is established and the European Central Bank assumes its full powers. * January 3 – The Mars Polar Lander is launc ...
– Tarjei Sandvik Moe, Norwegian actor * 2001 – Emily Austin (journalist), Emily Austin, journalist and social media influencer


Deaths


Pre-1600

* 688 – Ségéne, bishop of Armagh (born c. 610) *1089 – Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury *1136 – Hugues de Payens, first Grand Masters of the Knights Templar, Grand Master of the Knights Templar (born c. 1070) *1153 – David I of Scotland (born 1083) *1201 – Theobald III, Count of Champagne (born 1179) *1351 – Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Othman, Moroccan sultan (born 1297) *1408 – Taejo of Joseon (born 1335) *1425 – Murdoch Stewart, 2nd Duke of Albany, Scottish politician (born 1362) *1456 – Ambroise de Loré, French commander (born 1396) *1543 – Nicolaus Copernicus, Polish mathematician and astronomer (born 1473)


1601–1900

*1612 – Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, English politician, Lord High Treasurer (born 1563) *1627 – Luis de Góngora, Spanish poet and cleric (born 1561) *1632 – Robert Hues, English mathematician and geographer (born 1553) *1665 – Mary of Jesus of Ágreda, Spanish Franciscan abbess and Spanish mystics, mystic (born 1602) *1734 – Georg Ernst Stahl, German physician and chemist (born 1660) *1792 – George Brydges Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney, English admiral and politician, 16th Governor of Newfoundland (born 1718) *1806 – John Campbell, 5th Duke of Argyll, Scottish field marshal and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Argyllshire (born 1723) *1843 – Sylvestre François Lacroix, French mathematician and academic (born 1765) *1848 – Annette von Droste-Hülshoff, German author and composer (born 1797) * 1861Elmer E. Ellsworth, American colonel (born 1837) *1872 – Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld, German painter and illustrator (born 1794) *1879 – William Lloyd Garrison, American journalist and activist (born 1805) *1881 – Samuel Palmer, English painter and illustrator (born 1805)


1901–present

*1901 – Louis-Zéphirin Moreau, Canadian bishop (born 1824) *1908 – Old Tom Morris, Scottish golfer and architect (born 1821) *
1915 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January *January – British physicist Sir Joseph Larmor publishes his observations on "The Influence of Local Atmospheric Cooling on Astronomical Refraction". *January 1 * ...
– John Condon (British Army soldier), John Condon, Irish-English soldier (born 1896) *1919 – Amado Nervo, Mexican poet, journalist, and educator (born 1870) *1923 – Rolf Skår, Norwegian engineer (born 1941) *1929 – Nikolai von Meck, Russian engineer (born 1863) *1939 – Fanny Searls, American biologist (born 1851) *
1941 The Correlates of War project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 3.49 million. However, the Uppsala Conflict Data Program estimates that the subsequent year, 1942, wa ...
– Lancelot Holland, English admiral (born 1887) *1945 – Robert Ritter von Greim, German field marshal and pilot (born 1892) *
1948 Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The current Constitutions of Constitution of Italy, Italy and of Constitution of New Jersey, New Jersey (both later subject to amendment) ...
– Jacques Feyder, Belgian actor, director, and screenwriter (born 1885) *1949 – Alexey Shchusev, Russian architect, designed Lenin's Mausoleum and Moscow Kazanskaya railway station (born 1873) *1950 – Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell, English field marshal and politician, 43rd Governor-General of India (born 1883) *1951 – Thomas N. Heffron, American actor, director, screenwriter (born 1872) *
1956 Events January * January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan after 57 years. * January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian Missionary, missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, E ...
– Martha Annie Whiteley, English chemist and mathematician (born 1866) *
1958 Events January * January 1 – The European Economic Community (EEC) comes into being. * January 3 – The West Indies Federation is formed. * January 4 ** Edmund Hillary's Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition completes the thir ...
– Frank Rowe (public servant), Frank Rowe, Australian public servant (born 1895) *1959 – John Foster Dulles, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 52nd United States Secretary of State (born 1888) *1963 – Elmore James, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1918) *1965 – Sonny Boy Williamson II, American singer-songwriter and harmonica player (born 1908) *1974 – Duke Ellington, American pianist and composer (born 1899) *
1976 Events January * January 2 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force. * January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea. * January 18 – Full diplomatic ...
– Denise Pelletier, Canadian actress (born 1923) *1979 – Ernest Bullock, English organist, composer, and educator (born 1890) *
1981 Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 6 – A funeral service is held in West Germany for Nazi Grand Admiral ...
– Herbert Müller (racing driver), Herbert Müller, Swiss race car driver (born 1940) *1984 – Vince McMahon Sr., American wrestling promoter and businessman, founded WWE (born 1914) * 1988 – Freddie Frith, English motorcycle road racer (born 1909) *1990 – Arthur Villeneuve, Canadian painter (born 1910) *
1991 It was the final year of the Cold War, which had begun in 1947. During the year, the Soviet Union Dissolution of the Soviet Union, collapsed, leaving Post-soviet states, fifteen sovereign republics and the Commonwealth of Independent State ...
– Gene Clark, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1944) *
1992 1992 was designated as International Space Year by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 – Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt replaces Javier Pérez de Cuéllar of Peru as United Nations Secretary-General. * January 6 ** The Republ ...
– Hitoshi Ogawa, Japanese race car driver (born 1956) *
1995 1995 was designated as: * United Nations Year for Tolerance * World Year of Peoples' Commemoration of the Victims of the Second World War This was the first year that the Internet was entirely privatized, with the United States government ...
– Harold Wilson, English academic and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (born 1916) *1996 – Thomas F. Connolly, American admiral (born 1909) * 1996 – Enrique Álvarez Félix, Mexican actor (born 1934) * 1996 – Joseph Mitchell (writer), Joseph Mitchell, American journalist and author (born 1908) *1997 – Edward Mulhare, Irish actor (born 1923) *
2000 2000 was designated as the International Year for the Culture of Peace and the World Mathematics, Mathematical Year. Popular culture holds the year 2000 as the first year of the 21st century and the 3rd millennium, because of a tende ...
– Kurt Schork, American journalist and scholar (born 1947) * 2000 – Majrooh Sultanpuri, Indian poet and songwriter (born 1919) *
2002 The effects of the September 11 attacks of the previous year had a significant impact on the affairs of 2002. The war on terror was a major political focus. Without settled international law, several nations engaged in anti-terror operation ...
– Wallace Markfield, American author (born 1926) *2003 – Rachel Kempson, English actress (born 1910) *2004 – Henry Ries, German-American photographer (born 1917) * 2004 – Milton Shulman, Canadian author and critic (born 1913) * 2004 – Edward Wagenknecht, American critic and educator (born 1900) *2005 – Carl Amery, German activist and author (born 1922) * 2005 – Arthur Haulot, Belgian journalist and poet (born 1913) * 2005 – Guy Tardif, Canadian academic and politician (born 1935) *2006 – Henry Bumstead, American art director and production designer (born 1915) * 2006 – Claude Piéplu, French actor (born 1923) *2008 – Dick Martin (comedian), Dick Martin, American actor, comedian, and director (born 1922) * 2008 – Jimmy McGriff, American organist and bandleader (born 1936) * 2008 – Andrew Stephen Wilson, British-American astronomer (born1947) *2009 – Jay Bennett, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (born 1963) *2010 – Ray Alan, English ventriloquist, actor, and screenwriter (born 1930) * 2010 – Paul Gray (American musician), Paul Gray, American bass player and songwriter (born 1972) * 2010 – Raymond V. Haysbert, American businessman and activist (born 1920) * 2010 – Petr Muk, Czech singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1965) * 2010 – Anneliese Rothenberger, German soprano and actress (born 1926) *2011 – Huguette Clark, American heiress, painter, and philanthropist (born 1906) * 2011 – Hakim Ali Zardari, Indian-Pakistani businessman and politician (born 1930) *2012 – Klaas Carel Faber, Dutch-German SS officer (born 1922) * 2012 – Kathi Kamen Goldmark, American journalist and author (born 1948) * 2012 – Jacqueline Harpman, Belgian psychoanalyst and author (born 1929) * 2012 – Juan Francisco Lombardo, Argentinian footballer (born 1925) * 2012 – Lee Rich, American production manager and producer (born 1918) *2013 – Helmut Braunlich, German-American violinist and composer (born 1929) * 2013 – Ron Davies (footballer, born 1942), Ron Davies, Welsh footballer (born 1942) * 2013 – Gotthard Graubner, German painter (born 1930) * 2013 – Haynes Johnson, American journalist and author (born 1931) * 2013 – Pyotr Todorovsky, Ukrainian-Russian director and screenwriter (born 1925) *
2014 The year 2014 was marked by the surge of the Western African Ebola epidemic, West African Ebola epidemic, which began in 2013, becoming the List of Ebola outbreaks, most widespread outbreak of the Ebola, Ebola virus in human history, resul ...
– David Allen (cricketer), David Allen, English cricketer (born 1935) * 2014 – Stormé DeLarverie, known as the "Rosa Parks of the lesbian community" (born 1920) * 2014 – Mahafarid Amir Khosravi, Iranian businessman (born 1969) * 2014 – Knowlton Nash, Canadian journalist and author (born 1927) * 2014 – John Vasconcellos, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician (born 1932) *2015 – Dean Carroll, English rugby player (born 1962) * 2015 – Kenneth Jacobs, Australian lawyer and judge (born 1917) * 2015 – Tanith Lee, English author (born 1947) *2018 – TotalBiscuit, John Bain (TotalBiscuit), English gaming commentator and critic (born 1984) * 2018 – Gudrun Burwitz, daughter of Margarete Himmler and Heinrich Himmler (born 1929) * 2023 – Tina Turner, American-Swiss rock and pop singer, dancer, actress and author (born 1939) * 2024 – Doug Ingle, American musician (born 1945) * 2024 – Kabosu (dog), Kabosu, Japanese dog and Internet meme celebrity (born 2005) * 2025 – Gary Pierce (footballer), Gary Pierce, English footballer (born 1951)


Holidays and observances

* Aldersgate Day/John Wesley, Wesley Day (Methodism) * Battle of Pichincha Day (Ecuador) * Bermuda Day (Bermuda), celebrated on the nearest weekday if May 24 falls on the weekend. * Christian feast day: ** Anna Pak Agi (one of The Korean Martyrs) ** Donatian and Rogatian ** Jackson Kemper (Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church), Episcopal Church) ** Joanna, wife of Chuza, Joanna ** Mary, Help of Christians ** Saint Sarah, Sarah (celebrated by the Romani people of Camargue) ** Vincent of Lérins ** May 24 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) * Commonwealth Day (Belize) * Independence Day (Eritrea), celebrates the independence of
Eritrea Eritrea, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa, with its capital and largest city being Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopia in the Eritrea–Ethiopia border, south, Sudan in the west, and Dj ...
from
Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...
in 1993. * Lubiri Memorial Day (Buganda) * Saints Cyril and Methodius Day (Eastern Orthodox Church, Julian Calendar) and its related observance: ** Bulgarian Education and Culture and Slavonic Literature Day (Bulgaria) ** Saints Cyril and Methodius, Slavonic Enlighteners' Day (North Macedonia) * Victoria Day; celebrated on Monday on or before May 24. (Canada), and its related observance: ** National Patriots' Day or ''Journée nationale des patriotes'' (Quebec)


References


External links


BBC: On This Day
*
Historical Events on May 24
{{months Days of May