Events
Below, the events of
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
have the "WWI" prefix.

January
*
January
January is the first month of the year in the Julian calendar, Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. The first day of the month is known as New Year's Day. It is, on average, the coldest month of the year within most of the No ...
– British physicist Sir
Joseph Larmor
Sir Joseph Larmor (; 11 July 1857 – 19 May 1942) was an Irish mathematician and physicist who made breakthroughs in the understanding of electricity, dynamics, thermodynamics, and the electron theory of matter. His most influential work was ...
publishes his observations on "The Influence of Local Atmospheric Cooling on Astronomical Refraction".
*
January 1
January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__
Events ...
** WWI: British
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom. It is a component of His Majesty's Naval Service, and its officers hold their commissions from the King of the United Kingdom, King. Although warships were used by Kingdom ...
battleship
HMS ''Formidable'' is sunk off
Lyme Regis
Lyme Regis ( ) is a town in west Dorset, England, west of Dorchester, Dorset, Dorchester and east of Exeter. Sometimes dubbed the "Pearl of Dorset", it lies by the English Channel at the Dorset–Devon border. It has noted fossils in cliffs and ...
,
Dorset
Dorset ( ; Archaism, archaically: Dorsetshire , ) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in South West England. It is bordered by Somerset to the north-west, Wiltshire to the north and the north-east, Hampshire to the east, t ...
, England, by an
Imperial German Navy
The Imperial German Navy or the ''Kaiserliche Marine'' (Imperial Navy) was the navy of the German Empire, which existed between 1871 and 1919. It grew out of the small Prussian Navy (from 1867 the North German Federal Navy), which was mainly for ...
U-boat
U-boats are Submarine#Military, naval submarines operated by Germany, including during the World War I, First and Second World Wars. The term is an Anglicization#Loanwords, anglicized form of the German word , a shortening of (), though the G ...
, with the loss of 547 crew.
**WWI:
Battle of Broken Hill: A train ambush near
Broken Hill
Broken Hill is a city in the Far West (New South Wales), far west region of outback New South Wales, Australia. An inland mining city, it is near the border with South Australia on the crossing of the Barrier Highway (A32) and the Silver City Hi ...
, Australia, is carried out by two men (claiming to be in support of the
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...
) who are killed, together with four civilians.
*
January 5
Events Pre-1600
* 1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France.
1601–1900
* 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French ...
–
Joseph E. Carberry sets an altitude record of , carrying Capt. Benjamin Delahauf Foulois as a passenger, in a fixed-wing aircraft.
*
January 12
Events Pre-1600
* 475 – List of Byzantine emperors, Byzantine Emperor Zeno (emperor), Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire.
*1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crow ...
** The
United States House of Representatives
The United States House of Representatives is a chamber of the Bicameralism, bicameral United States Congress; it is the lower house, with the U.S. Senate being the upper house. Together, the House and Senate have the authority under Artic ...
rejects a proposal to give women the right to vote.
** ''
A Fool There Was'' premières in the United States, starring
Theda Bara
Theda Bara ( ; born Theodosia Burr Goodman; July 29, 1885 – April 7, 1955) was an American silent film and stage actress. Bara was one of the more popular actresses of the silent era and one of cinema's early sex symbols. Her femme fatal ...
as a ''
femme fatale
A ( , ; ), sometimes called a maneater, Mata Hari, or vamp, is a stock character of a mysterious, beautiful, and Seduction, seductive woman whose charms ensnare her lovers, often leading them into compromising, deadly traps. She is an archetype ...
''; she quickly becomes one of early cinema's most sensational stars.
*
January 17
Events Pre-1600
* 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey.
* 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 peopl ...
– WWI: Caucasus Campaign –
Battle of Sarikamish
The Battle of Sarikamish was an engagement between the Russian Empire, Russian and Ottoman Empire, Ottoman empires during World War I. It took place from December 22, 1914, to January 17, 1915, as part of the Caucasus campaign.
The battle resul ...
: Russia defeats Ottoman Turkey.
*
January 18
Events Pre-1600
* 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later.
* 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail.
* 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the C ...
–
Twenty-One Demands
The Twenty-One Demands (; ) was a set of demands made during the World War I, First World War by the Empire of Japan under Prime Minister of Japan, Prime Minister Ōkuma Shigenobu to the Government of the Chinese Republic, government of the Re ...
from
Japan
Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...
to
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
are made.
*
January 19
Events Pre-1600
* 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to '' Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire.
* 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surren ...
**
Georges Claude
Georges Claude (24 September 187023 May 1960) was a French engineer and inventor. He is noted for his early work on the industrial liquefaction of air, for the invention and commercialization of neon lighting, and for a large experiment on gener ...
patents the
neon discharge tube
A gas-filled tube, also commonly known as a discharge tube or formerly as a Julius Plücker, Plücker tube, is an arrangement of electrodes in a gas within an dielectric, insulating, temperature-resistant envelope. Gas-filled tubes exploit phen ...
for use in advertising.
** WWI: German
Zeppelin
A Zeppelin is a type of rigid airship named after the German inventor Ferdinand von Zeppelin () who pioneered rigid airship development at the beginning of the 20th century. Zeppelin's notions were first formulated in 1874Eckener 1938, pp. 155� ...
s bomb the coastal towns of
Great Yarmouth
Great Yarmouth ( ), often called Yarmouth, is a seaside resort, seaside town which gives its name to the wider Borough of Great Yarmouth in Norfolk, England; it straddles the River Yare and is located east of Norwich. Its fishing industry, m ...
and
King's Lynn
King's Lynn, known until 1537 as Bishop's Lynn and colloquially as Lynn, is a port and market town in the borough of King's Lynn and West Norfolk in the county of Norfolk, England. It is north-east of Peterborough, north-north-east of Cambridg ...
in England for the first time, killing more than 20.
*
January 21
Events Pre-1600
* 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa.
* 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded wh ...
–
Kiwanis
Kiwanis International ( ) is an international service club founded in 1915 in Detroit, Michigan. It is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, and is found in more than 80 nations and geographic areas. In 1987, the organization ...
is founded in
Detroit
Detroit ( , ) is the List of municipalities in Michigan, most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is situated on the bank of the Detroit River across from Windsor, Ontario. It had a population of 639,111 at the 2020 United State ...
, Michigan, as The Supreme Lodge Benevolent Order Brothers.
*
January 23
Events Pre-1600
* 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor.
* 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao.
* 1229 ...
–
Chilembwe uprising:
Baptist
Baptists are a Christian denomination, denomination within Protestant Christianity distinguished by baptizing only professing Christian believers (believer's baptism) and doing so by complete Immersion baptism, immersion. Baptist churches ge ...
minister
John Chilembwe
John Chilembwe (June 1871 – 3 February 1915) was a Baptist pastor, educator and revolutionary who trained as a minister in the United States, returning to Nyasaland in 1901. He was an early figure in the resistance to colonialism in Nyasaland ...
initiates an ultimately unsuccessful uprising against British colonial rule in
Nyasaland
Nyasaland () was a British protectorate in Africa that was established in 1907 when the former British Central Africa Protectorate changed its name. Between 1953 and 1963, Nyasaland was part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. After ...
(modern-day
Malawi
Malawi, officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa. It is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and northeast, and Mozambique to the east, south, and southwest. Malawi spans over and ...
).
*
January 24
Events Pre-1600
* 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula.
* 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt.
* 1438 – The Co ...
– WWI:
Battle of Dogger Bank – The
British Grand Fleet
The Grand Fleet was the main battlefleet of the Royal Navy during the First World War. It was established in August 1914 and disbanded in April 1919. Its main base was Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands.
History
Formed in August 1914 from the F ...
defeats the
German High Seas Fleet, sinking the armoured cruiser .
*
January 25
Events Pre-1600
* 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate.
* 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dyn ...
– The first United States coast-to-coast
long-distance telephone call is facilitated by a newly invented vacuum tube amplifier, ceremonially inaugurated by
Alexander Graham Bell
Alexander Graham Bell (; born Alexander Bell; March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922) was a Scottish-born Canadian Americans, Canadian-American inventor, scientist, and engineer who is credited with patenting the first practical telephone. He als ...
in New York City and his former assistant
Thomas A. Watson
Thomas Augustus Watson (January 18, 1854 – December 13, 1934) was an assistant to Alexander Graham Bell, notably in the invention of the telephone in 1876.
Life and work
Born in Salem, Massachusetts, United States, Watson was a bookkeeper and ...
, in San Francisco, California.
*
January 26
Events Pre-1600
* 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph.
* 1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people.
* 1564 – The Council of T ...
** WWI: The
Ottoman Army
The Military of the Ottoman Empire () was the armed forces of the Ottoman Empire. It was founded in 1299 and dissolved in 1922.
Army
The Military of the Ottoman Empire can be divided in five main periods. The foundation era covers the years ...
begins the
Raid on the Suez Canal
The raid on the Suez Canal, also known as actions on the Suez Canal, took place between 26 January and 4 February 1915 when a German-led Ottoman force advanced from southern Palestine to attack the British Empire-protected Suez Canal, marking ...
.
** The
Rocky Mountain National Park
Rocky Mountain National Park is a List of national parks of the United States, national park of the United States located approximately northwest of Denver in north-central Colorado, within the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. The park is s ...
is established by an act of the
United States Congress
The United States Congress is the legislature, legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. It is a Bicameralism, bicameral legislature, including a Lower house, lower body, the United States House of Representatives, ...
.
*
January 27
Events Pre-1600
* 98 – Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor.
* 945 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to become monks by Constantine VII, who becomes sole emperor of the ...
– WWI: French military casualties begin arriving at the
Hôpital Temporaire d'Arc-en-Barrois
Hôpital Temporaire d'Arc-en-Barrois was an emergency evacuation hospital serving the 3rd Army Corps (France), French 3rd Army Corps during World War I. It was organised and staffed by British volunteers and served French soldiers.
History
Hôpit ...
, established earlier in the month by British volunteers.
*
January 28
Events Pre-1600
*AD 98, 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany.
* 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accessi ...
– An act of the
United States Congress
The United States Congress is the legislature, legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. It is a Bicameralism, bicameral legislature, including a Lower house, lower body, the United States House of Representatives, ...
designates the
United States Coast Guard
The United States Coast Guard (USCG) is the maritime security, search and rescue, and Admiralty law, law enforcement military branch, service branch of the armed forces of the United States. It is one of the country's eight Uniformed services ...
, began in
1790
Events
January–March
* January 8 – United States President George Washington gives the first State of the Union address, in New York City.
* January 11 – The 11 minor states of the Austrian Netherlands, which took pa ...
, as a military branch.
*
January 31
Events Pre-1600
* 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades.
* 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on th ...
– WWI:
Battle of Bolimów
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force ...
–
Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...
's first large-scale use of
poison gas
Many gases have toxic properties, which are often assessed using the LC50 (median lethal concentration) measure. In the United States, many of these gases have been assigned an NFPA 704 health rating of 4 (may be fatal) or 3 (may cause serious ...
as a weapon occurs, when 18,000
artillery
Artillery consists of ranged weapons that launch Ammunition, munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms. Early artillery development focused on the ability to breach defensive walls and fortifications during sieges, and l ...
shells containing liquid
xylyl bromide
Xylyl-bromide, also known as methylbenzyl bromide or T-stoff ('substance-T'), is any member or a mixture of organic chemical compounds with the molecular formula C6 H4(CH3)(CH2 Br). The mixture was formerly used as a tear gas and has an odor ...
tear gas
Tear gas, also known as a lachrymatory agent or lachrymator (), sometimes colloquially known as "mace" after the Mace (spray), early commercial self-defense spray, is a chemical weapon that stimulates the nerves of the lacrimal gland in the ey ...
are fired on the
Imperial Russian Army
The Imperial Russian Army () was the army of the Russian Empire, active from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was organized into a standing army and a state militia. The standing army consisted of Regular army, regular troops and ...
, on the
Rawka River west of
Warsaw
Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at ...
; however, freezing temperatures prevent it being effective.
February
*
February
February is the second month of the year in the Julian calendar, Julian and Gregorian calendars. The month has 28 days in common years and 29 in leap years, with the February 29, 29th day being called the ''leap day''.
February is the third a ...
– While working as a
cook
Cook or The Cook may refer to:
Food preparation
* Cooking, the preparation of food
* Cook (domestic worker), a household staff member who prepares food
* Cook (profession), an individual who prepares food for consumption in the food industry
* C ...
at New York's
Sloane Hospital for Women
The Sloane Hospital for Women is the obstetrics and gynecology service within NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons (P&S) in New York City. It wa ...
under an assumed name, "
Typhoid Mary" (an
asymptomatic carrier
An asymptomatic carrier is a person or other organism that has become infected with a pathogen, but shows no signs or symptoms.
Although unaffected by the pathogen, carriers can transmit it to others or develop symptoms in later stages of the d ...
of
typhoid fever
Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a disease caused by '' Salmonella enterica'' serotype Typhi bacteria, also called ''Salmonella'' Typhi. Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. Often th ...
) infects 25 people, and is placed in
quarantine
A quarantine is a restriction on the movement of people, animals, and goods which is intended to prevent the spread of disease or pests. It is often used in connection to disease and illness, preventing the movement of those who may have bee ...
for life on
March 27
Events Pre-1600
* 1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized Ferrara, a papal fiefdom.
* 1329 – Pope John XXII ...
.
*
February 1
Events Pre-1600
* 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer.
* 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), ...
–
William Fox creates the
Fox Film Corporation
The Fox Film Corporation (also known as Fox Studios) was an American independent company that produced motion pictures and was formed in 1914 by the theater "chain" pioneer William Fox (producer), William Fox. It was the corporate successor to ...
.
*
February 4
Events Pre–1600
* 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...
– The
Maritz Rebellion of disaffected
Boer
Boers ( ; ; ) are the descendants of the proto Afrikaans-speaking Free Burghers of the eastern Cape frontier in Southern Africa during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. From 1652 to 1795, the Dutch East India Company controlled the Dutch ...
s against the government of the
Union of South Africa
The Union of South Africa (; , ) was the historical predecessor to the present-day South Africa, Republic of South Africa. It came into existence on 31 May 1910 with the unification of the British Cape Colony, Cape, Colony of Natal, Natal, Tra ...
ends with the surrender of the remaining rebels.
*
February 8
Events Pre-1600
* 421 – Constantius III becomes co-emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
* 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir.
* 1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of ...
– The controversial film ''
The Birth of a Nation
''The Birth of a Nation'' is a 1915 American Silent film, silent Epic film, epic Drama (film and television), drama film directed by D. W. Griffith and starring Lillian Gish. The screenplay is adapted from Thomas Dixon Jr.'s 1905 novel and ...
'', directed by
D. W. Griffith
David Wark Griffith (January 22, 1875 – July 23, 1948) was an American film director. Considered one of the most influential figures in the history of the motion picture, he pioneered many aspects of film editing and expanded the art of the n ...
, premieres in Los Angeles. It will be the
highest-grossing film
Films generate income from several revenue streams, including theatrical exhibition, home video, television broadcast rights, and merchandising. However, theatrical box-office earnings are the primary metric for trade publications in assess ...
for around 25 years.
*
February 18
Events Pre-1600
* 3102 BC – Kali Yuga, the fourth and final yuga of Hinduism, starts with the death of Krishna.
* 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining J ...
– WWI: Germany regards the waters around the British Isles to be a war zone from this date, as part of its
U-boat Campaign
The U-boat campaign from 1914 to 1918 was the World War I naval campaign fought by German U-boats against the trade routes of the Allies, largely in the seas around the British Isles and in the Mediterranean, as part of a mutual blockade betwe ...
.
*
February 20
Events Pre-1600
*1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clash in the Battle of Parabiago; Visconti is defeated.
*1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawn (law), pawned by Norway to S ...
– In San Francisco, the
Panama–Pacific International Exposition
The Panama–Pacific International Exposition was a world's fair held in San Francisco, California, United States, from February 20 to December 4, 1915. Its stated purpose was to celebrate the completion of the Panama Canal, but it was widely s ...
is opened.
*
February 25
Events Pre-1600
* 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor.
* 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II.
* ...
–
Armenian genocide
The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenians, Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily t ...
: The Ottoman Empire transfers Armenians from its armed forces to unarmed
Ottoman labour battalions
Ottoman labour battalions (, , , , ) were a form of unfree labour in the late Ottoman Empire. The term is associated with the disarmament and murder of Ottoman Armenian soldiers during World War I, of Ottoman Greeks during the Greek genocide ...
.
March
*
March
March is the third month of the year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. In the Northern Hemisphere, the meteorological beginning of spring occurs on the first day of March. The March equinox on the 20 or 2 ...
– The
1915 Palestine locust infestation breaks out in
Palestine
Palestine, officially the State of Palestine, is a country in West Asia. Recognized by International recognition of Palestine, 147 of the UN's 193 member states, it encompasses the Israeli-occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and th ...
; it continues until
October
October is the tenth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. The eighth month in the old calendar of Romulus , October retained its name (from Latin and Greek ''ôctō'' meaning "eight") after Januar ...
.
*
March 2
Events Pre-1600
* 537 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his '' bucellarii'' are almost ...
–
Armenian genocide
The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenians, Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily t ...
: Earliest recorded deportations.
*
March 10
Events Pre-1600
* 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end.
* 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes ...
–
13 – WWI:
Battle of Neuve Chapelle
The Battle of Neuve Chapelle (10–13 March 1915) took place in the First World War in the Artois region of France. The attack was intended to cause a rupture in the German lines, which would then be exploited with a rush to the Aubers Ridge an ...
– In the first deliberately planned British offensive of the war, British Indian troops overrun German positions in France, but are unable to sustain the advance.
*
March 11
Events Pre-1600
* 843 – Triumph of Orthodoxy: Empress Theodora II restores the veneration of icons in the Orthodox churches in the Byzantine Empire.
* 1343 – Arnošt of Pardubice becomes the last Bishop of Prague (3 March 13 ...
– WWI: British
armed merchantman
An armed merchantman is a merchant ship equipped with guns, usually for defensive purposes, either by design or after the fact. In the days of sail, piracy and privateers, many merchantmen would be routinely armed, especially those engaging in ...
is sunk in the
North Channel off the coast of
Scotland
Scotland is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjac ...
by
Imperial German Navy
The Imperial German Navy or the ''Kaiserliche Marine'' (Imperial Navy) was the navy of the German Empire, which existed between 1871 and 1919. It grew out of the small Prussian Navy (from 1867 the North German Federal Navy), which was mainly for ...
U-boat
U-boats are Submarine#Military, naval submarines operated by Germany, including during the World War I, First and Second World Wars. The term is an Anglicization#Loanwords, anglicized form of the German word , a shortening of (), though the G ...
''
SM U-27''. Around 200 crew are lost, a number of bodies being washed up on the
Isle of Man
The Isle of Man ( , also ), or Mann ( ), is a self-governing British Crown Dependency in the Irish Sea, between Great Britain and Ireland. As head of state, Charles III holds the title Lord of Mann and is represented by a Lieutenant Govern ...
, with only 26 saved.
*
March 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland.
* 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the H ...
– WWI:
**
Battle of Más a Tierra
The Battle of Más a Tierra was a World War I sea battle fought on 14 March 1915, near the Chilean island of Más a Tierra, between a British squadron and a German light cruiser. The battle saw the last remnant of the German East Asia Squadro ...
: Off the coast of
Chile
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes, Andes Mountains and the Paci ...
, the British
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom. It is a component of His Majesty's Naval Service, and its officers hold their commissions from the King of the United Kingdom, King. Although warships were used by Kingdom ...
forces the Imperial German Navy
light cruiser
A light cruiser is a type of small or medium-sized warship. The term is a shortening of the phrase "light armored cruiser", describing a small ship that carried armor in the same way as an armored cruiser: a protective belt and deck. Prior to thi ...
SMS ''Dresden'' (last survivor of the German East Asia Squadron) to scuttle.
**
Constantinople Agreement:
Britain
Britain most often refers to:
* Great Britain, a large island comprising the countries of England, Scotland and Wales
* The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, a sovereign state in Europe comprising Great Britain and the north-eas ...
,
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
and the
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...
agree to give
Constantinople
Constantinople (#Names of Constantinople, see other names) was a historical city located on the Bosporus that served as the capital of the Roman Empire, Roman, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine, Latin Empire, Latin, and Ottoman Empire, Ottoman empire ...
(Istanbul) and the
Bosphorus
The Bosporus or Bosphorus Strait ( ; , colloquially ) is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Istanbul, Turkey. The Bosporus connects the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara and forms one of the continental bo ...
to Russia in case of victory (the treaty is later nullified by the
Bolshevik Revolution
The October Revolution, also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution (in Soviet historiography), October coup, Bolshevik coup, or Bolshevik revolution, was the second of two revolutions in Russia in 1917. It was led by Vladimir L ...
).
*
March 18
Events Pre-1600
* 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ''(aka Caligula = Little Boots)'' emperor.Tacitus, ''Annals'' V.10.
* 1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Ar ...
– WWI:
**
Gallipoli campaign: A Franco-British naval attack on the
Dardanelles
The Dardanelles ( ; ; ), also known as the Strait of Gallipoli (after the Gallipoli peninsula) and in classical antiquity as the Hellespont ( ; ), is a narrow, natural strait and internationally significant waterway in northwestern Turkey th ...
fails.
** British Royal Navy battleship sinks
German submarine ''U-29'' with all hands in the
Pentland Firth
The Pentland Firth (, meaning the Orcadian Strait) is a strait which separates the Orkney Islands from Caithness in the north of Scotland. Despite the name, it is not a firth.
Etymology
The name is presumed to be a corruption of the Old Nors ...
off the coast of Scotland by ramming her, the only time this tactic is known to have been successfully used by a battleship.
*
March 19
Events Pre-1600
* 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire.
* 1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen en ...
–
Pluto
Pluto (minor-planet designation: 134340 Pluto) is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, a ring of Trans-Neptunian object, bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune. It is the ninth-largest and tenth-most-massive known object to directly orbit the Su ...
is photographed for the first time, but is not recognised for what it is.
*
March 26
Events Pre-1600
* 590 – Emperor Maurice proclaims his son Theodosius as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
* 624 – First Eid al-Fitr celebration.
* 1021 – The death of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, kept secret ...
– The
Vancouver Millionaires
The Vancouver Millionaires (later known as the Vancouver Maroons) were a professional ice hockey team that competed in the Pacific Coast Hockey Association and the Western Canada Hockey League between 1911 and 1926. Based in Vancouver, British Co ...
win the
Stanley Cup
The Stanley Cup () is the championship trophy awarded annually to the National Hockey League (NHL) playoff champion. It is the oldest existing trophy to be awarded to a professional sports franchise in North America, and the International Ic ...
in
ice hockey
Ice hockey (or simply hockey in North America) is a team sport played on ice skates, usually on an Ice rink, ice skating rink with Ice hockey rink, lines and markings specific to the sport. It belongs to a family of sports called hockey. Tw ...
over the
Ottawa Senators
The Ottawa Senators (), officially the Ottawa Senators Hockey Club and colloquially known as the Sens, are a professional ice hockey team based in Ottawa. The Senators compete in the National Hockey League (NHL) as a member of the Atlantic Di ...
, 3 games to 0.
*
March 28
Events Pre-1600
* AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate.
* 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Did ...
– The first
Roman Catholic liturgy at the newly consecrated
Cathedral of Saint Paul, Minnesota, is celebrated by
Archbishop
In Christian denominations, an archbishop is a bishop of higher rank or office. In most cases, such as the Catholic Church, there are many archbishops who either have jurisdiction over an ecclesiastical province in addition to their own archdi ...
John Ireland.
April
*
April 5
Events Pre-1600
* 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I.
* 919 – The Fatimid invasion of Egypt (919–921), second Fatimid invasion of Medieval Egypt, Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, Al-Qa'im (Fa ...
– Boxer
Jess Willard
Jess Myron Willard (December 29, 1881 – December 15, 1968) was an American world heavyweight boxing champion billed as the Pottawatomie Giant. He won the world heavyweight title in 1915 by knocking out Jack Johnson (boxer), Jack Johnson.
Wil ...
, the latest "Great White Hope", defeats
Jack Johnson with a 26th-round knockout in sweltering heat, at Havana, Cuba. Willard becomes very popular among white Americans, for "bringing back the championship to the white race".
*
April 11
Events Pre-1600
* 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I.
* 1241 – Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi.
*1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferra ...
–
Charlie Chaplin
Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin (16 April 188925 December 1977) was an English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame in the era of silent film. He became a worldwide icon through his screen persona, the Tramp, and is considered o ...
's film ''
The Tramp
The Tramp (''Charlot'' in several languages), also known as the Little Tramp, was English actor Charlie Chaplin's most memorable on-screen character and an icon in world cinema during the era of silent film. ''The Tramp (film), The Tramp'' i ...
'' is released in the United States.
*
April 21
Events Pre-1600
* 753 BC – Romulus founds Rome ( traditional date).
* 43 BC – Battle of Mutina: Mark Antony is again defeated in battle by Aulus Hirtius, who is killed. Antony fails to capture Mutina and Decimus Brutus is mur ...
– On the orders of
Talat Pasha
Mehmed Talât (1 September 187415 March 1921), commonly known as Talaat Pasha or Talat Pasha, was an Ottoman Young Turk activist, revolutionary, politician, and convicted war criminal who served as the leader of the Ottoman Empire from 191 ...
, Haydar Bey organized an
expedition against the Assyrians. He killed thousands of
Assyrians
Assyrians (, ) are an ethnic group indigenous to Mesopotamia, a geographical region in West Asia. Modern Assyrians share descent directly from the ancient Assyrians, one of the key civilizations of Mesopotamia. While they are distinct from ot ...
along with
Kurdish tribes
Kurdish tribes are tribes of Kurds, Kurdish people, an ethnic group from the geo-cultural region of Kurdistan in West Asia, Western Asia.
The tribes are socio-political and generally also a territorial unit based on descent and kinship, real or ...
.
*
April 22
Events Pre-1600
* 1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil ( discovery of Brazil).
* 1519 – Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico.
* 1529 – Treaty of Zara ...
– WWI: Start of
Second Battle of Ypres
The Second Battle of Ypres was fought from 22 April – 25 May 1915, during the First World War, for control of the tactically-important high ground to the east and the south of the Flanders, Flemish town of Ypres, in western Belgium. The ...
– Germany makes its first large scale use of
poison gas
Many gases have toxic properties, which are often assessed using the LC50 (median lethal concentration) measure. In the United States, many of these gases have been assigned an NFPA 704 health rating of 4 (may be fatal) or 3 (may cause serious ...
on the Western Front.
*
April 24
Events Pre-1600
* 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty).
* 1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy ...
– Armenian genocide:
deportation of Armenian notables from
Istanbul
Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With Demographics of Istanbul, a population over , it is home to 18% of the Demographics ...
begins.
*
April 25
Events Pre-1600
* 404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion.
* 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against th ...
– WWI: Start of the
Gallipoli Campaign by land forces (lasting until January 1916) – A
landing at Anzac Cove
The landing at Anzac Cove on Sunday, 25 April 1915, also known as the landing at Gaba Tepe and, to the Turks, as the Arıburnu Battle, was part of the amphibious invasion of the Gallipoli Peninsula by the forces of the British Empire, which ...
is conducted by
Australian and New Zealand Army Corps
The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) was originally a First World War army corps of the British Empire under the command of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force. It was formed in Egypt in December 1914, and operated during the ...
, and a
landing at Cape Helles by British and French troops, to begin the Allied invasion of the
Gallipoli
The Gallipoli Peninsula (; ; ) is located in the southern part of East Thrace, the European part of Turkey, with the Aegean Sea to the west and the Dardanelles strait to the east.
Gallipoli is the Italian form of the Greek name (), meaning ' ...
peninsula in the
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...
.

*
April 26
Events Pre-1600
* 1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux.
* 1478 – The Pazzi family attack on Lorenzo de' Medici in order to displace the ruling Medici family kills his brother Giuliano during High Mass in Fl ...
–
Treaty of London: Italy secretly agrees to leave the
Triple Alliance with Germany and
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe#Before World War I, Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military ...
, and join with the
Entente Powers
The Allies or the Entente (, ) was an international military coalition of countries led by the French Republic, the United Kingdom, the Russian Empire, the United States, the Kingdom of Italy, and the Empire of Japan against the Central Powers ...
, in exchange for certain territories of Austria-Hungary on its borders.
May
*
May 1
Events Pre-1600
* 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor.
* 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches.
* 1169 & ...
– General
Louis Botha
Louis Botha ( , ; 27 September 1862 – 27 August 1919) was a South African politician who was the first Prime Minister of South Africa, prime minister of the Union of South Africa, the forerunner of the modern South African state. A Boer war v ...
,
Prime Minister of South Africa
The prime minister of South Africa ( was the head of government in South Africa between 1910 and 1984.
History of the office
The position of Prime Minister was established in 1910, when the Union of South Africa was formed. He was appointed ...
, leads the army in the occupation of
German South West Africa
German South West Africa () was a colony of the German Empire from 1884 until 1915, though Germany did not officially recognise its loss of this territory until the 1919 Treaty of Versailles.
German rule over this territory was punctuated by ...
.
*
May 5
Events Pre-1600
* 553 – The Second Council of Constantinople begins.
* 1215 – Rebel barons renounce their allegiance to King John of England — part of a chain of events leading to the signing of the Magna Carta.
* 1260 – ...
– WWI: Gallipoli Campaign – Forces of the
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...
begin shelling
ANZAC Cove from a new position behind their lines.
*
May 6
Events Pre-1600
* 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance.
* 1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Sp ...
–
Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
The Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914–1917 is considered to be the last major expedition of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. Conceived by Ernest Shackleton, Sir Ernest Shackleton, the expedition was an attempt to make the ...
:
SY ''Auroras drift – The breaks loose from its anchorage during a gale, beginning a 312-day ordeal.
*
May 7
Events Pre-1600
* 351 – The Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus breaks out after his arrival at Antioch.
* 558 – In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses, twenty years after its construction. Justinian I im ...
– WWI
**
Sinking of the RMS ''Lusitania'': 's main rival, the British
ocean liner
An ocean liner is a type of passenger ship primarily used for transportation across seas or oceans. Ocean liners may also carry cargo or mail, and may sometimes be used for other purposes (such as for pleasure cruises or as hospital ships). The ...
, is sunk by
Imperial German Navy
The Imperial German Navy or the ''Kaiserliche Marine'' (Imperial Navy) was the navy of the German Empire, which existed between 1871 and 1919. It grew out of the small Prussian Navy (from 1867 the North German Federal Navy), which was mainly for ...
U-boat
U-boats are Submarine#Military, naval submarines operated by Germany, including during the World War I, First and Second World Wars. The term is an Anglicization#Loanwords, anglicized form of the German word , a shortening of (), though the G ...
''SM U-20 (Germany), U-20'' off the south-west coast of Ireland, killing 1,199 civilians en route from New York City to Liverpool. The best-known of the celebrities on board is American sportsman Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt (b. 1877).
** Germany captures the Latvian port city of Liepāja, Libau.
* May 9 – WWI – Second Battle of Artois: German Empire, German and French Third Republic, French forces fight to a standstill; German forces defeat the British at the Battle of Aubers Ridge.
* May 17 – The last purely Liberal Party (UK), Liberal government in the United Kingdom ends, when the prime minister H. H. Asquith forms an all-party coalition government, the Asquith coalition ministry, effective May 25.
* May 19 – WWI: The third attack on Anzac Cove by Ottoman forces is repelled by the
Australian and New Zealand Army Corps
The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) was originally a First World War army corps of the British Empire under the command of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force. It was formed in Egypt in December 1914, and operated during the ...
.
* May 22
** Quintinshill rail disaster in Scotland: The collision and fire kill 226, mostly troops, the largest number of fatalities in a List of rail accidents in the United Kingdom, rail accident in the United Kingdom.
** Lassen Peak, one of the Cascade Volcanoes in California, erupts, sending an ash plume 30,000 feet in the air, and devastating the nearby area with pyroclastic flows and lahars. It is the only volcano to erupt in the contiguous United States this century, until the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens.
* May 23 – WWI: Kingdom of Italy, Italy joins the Allies of World War I, Allies after declaring war on
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe#Before World War I, Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military ...
.
* May 25 –
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
agrees to the
Twenty-One Demands
The Twenty-One Demands (; ) was a set of demands made during the World War I, First World War by the Empire of Japan under Prime Minister of Japan, Prime Minister Ōkuma Shigenobu to the Government of the Chinese Republic, government of the Re ...
of the Japanese.
* May 27 –
Armenian genocide
The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenians, Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily t ...
: The Temporary Law of Deportation, Tehcir Law is promulgated by the Turkish
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...
authorizing deportation of the Ottoman Armenian population to Deir ez-Zor in the Syrian desert, leading to the deaths of anywhere between 800,000 and over 1,500,000 civilians and confiscation of their property.
* May 28 – International Congress of Women meets at the Hague as a major peace initiative.
* May 29 – Teófilo Braga becomes president of First Portuguese Republic, Portugal.
June
* June –
Armenian genocide
The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenians, Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily t ...
: 15,000 civilians from the Ottoman Armenian population of Bitlis are massacred by Ottoman Turks and Kurds.
* June 3 – Mexican Revolution: Troops of Álvaro Obregón and Pancho Villa clash at León, Guanajuato, León; Obregón loses his right arm in a grenade attack, but Villa is decisively defeated.
* June 5 – Women's suffrage in national elections is introduced in Denmark.
* June 9 – U.S. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan resigns over a disagreement regarding his nation's handling of the sinking of the RMS Lusitania, sinking of the RMS ''Lusitania''.
* June 11 – Friar Leonard Melki and hundreds of other Christians are driven out of Mardin and massacred by Ottoman Empire, Ottoman troops.
* June 16 – Women's Institutes are established in Britain.
* June 19 – In Iceland, at this time a dependency of Denmark, women's suffrage is granted to those over 40.
July
* July
** WWI: South West Africa Campaign – The
Union of South Africa
The Union of South Africa (; , ) was the historical predecessor to the present-day South Africa, Republic of South Africa. It came into existence on 31 May 1910 with the unification of the British Cape Colony, Cape, Colony of Natal, Natal, Tra ...
occupies
German South West Africa
German South West Africa () was a colony of the German Empire from 1884 until 1915, though Germany did not officially recognise its loss of this territory until the 1919 Treaty of Versailles.
German rule over this territory was punctuated by ...
with assistance from Canada, the United Kingdom, the Portuguese Republic and Portuguese Angola. South Africa will occupy South West Africa until March 1990.
**
Armenian genocide
The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenians, Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily t ...
: 17,000 civilians from the Ottoman Armenian population of Trebizond during the Armenian genocide, Trebizond are massacred by Ottoman Turks.
* July 1 – WWI: In aerial warfare, German fighter pilot Kurt Wintgens becomes the first person to shoot down another plane, using a machine gun equipped with synchronization gear.
* July 7
** An extremely overloaded International Railway (New York–Ontario) Tram, trolleycar with 157 passengers crashes near Queenston, Ontario, resulting in 15 casualties.
** Sinhalese people, Sinhalese militia captain Henry Pedris is executed in British Ceylon for inciting race riots, a charge later proved false; he becomes a hero of the Sri Lankan independence movement.
* July 9 – WWI: Theodore Seitz, governor of
German South West Africa
German South West Africa () was a colony of the German Empire from 1884 until 1915, though Germany did not officially recognise its loss of this territory until the 1919 Treaty of Versailles.
German rule over this territory was punctuated by ...
, surrenders to General
Louis Botha
Louis Botha ( , ; 27 September 1862 – 27 August 1919) was a South African politician who was the first Prime Minister of South Africa, prime minister of the Union of South Africa, the forerunner of the modern South African state. A Boer war v ...
, between Otavi and Tsumeb.
* July 11 – WWI: Battle of Rufiji Delta – German cruiser is forced to Scuttling, scuttle in the Rufiji River, German East Africa (modern-day Tanzania).
* July 14 – The McMahon–Hussein Correspondence between Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca and the British official Henry McMahon (diplomat), Henry McMahon concerning the Arab revolt against the
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...
begins; in exchange for assistance against the Ottomans, the British offer bin Ali their recognition of an independent Arab kingdom, although clear terms are never agreed.
* July 22 – WWI: The "Great Retreat (Russian), Great Retreat" is ordered on the Eastern Front; Russian forces pull back out of Poland (at this time part of the Russian Empire), taking machinery and equipment with them.
* July 24 – Steamer capsizes in central Chicago, with the loss of 844 lives.
* July 28 – The American occupation of Haiti (1915–34) begins.
August

* August 5–August 23, 23 – Hurricane Two of the 1915 Atlantic hurricane season over Galveston and New Orleans leaves 275 dead.
* August 6 – WWI: Battle of Sari Bair (Gallipoli Campaign) – The Allies of World War I, Allies mount a diversionary attack timed to coincide with a major Allied landing of reinforcements at Suvla Bay.
* August 16 – WWI: The Allies of World War I, Allies promises the Kingdom of Serbia, should victory be achieved over
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe#Before World War I, Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military ...
and its allied Central Powers, the territories of Baranya (region), Baranja, Srem and Slavonia from the Cisleithanian part of the Dual Monarchy, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and eastern Dalmatia (from the river of Krka (Croatia), Krka to Bar).
September
* September 5 – The Zimmerwald Conference begins in Switzerland.
* September 6 – The prototype Tanks in World War I, military tank is first tested by the British Army.
* September 7 – Cartoonist Johnny Gruelle, John B. Gruelle is given a patent for his ''Raggedy Ann'' doll.
* September 8 – WWI: A
Zeppelin
A Zeppelin is a type of rigid airship named after the German inventor Ferdinand von Zeppelin () who pioneered rigid airship development at the beginning of the 20th century. Zeppelin's notions were first formulated in 1874Eckener 1938, pp. 155� ...
raid destroys No. 61 Farringdon Road, London; the premises are rebuilt in 1917, and called The Zeppelin Building.
* September 11 – The Pennsylvania Railroad begins electrified commuter rail service between Paoli, Pennsylvania, Paoli and Philadelphia, using overhead AC trolley wires for power. This type of system is later used in long-distance passenger trains between New York City, Washington, D.C., and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
* September 12 – French soldiers rescue over 4,000
Armenian genocide
The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenians, Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily t ...
survivors stranded on Musa Dagh, a mountain in the Hatay province of Turkey.
* September 25–October 14 – WWI: Battle of Loos – British forces take the French Third Republic, French town of Loos-en-Gohelle, Loos, but with substantial casualties, and are unable to press their advantage. This is the first time the British use poison gas in World War I, and also their first large-scale use of 'New' (or Kitchener's Army) units.
* September 30 – WWI: Serbian Army private (rank), private Radoje Ljutovac becomes the first soldier in history to shoot down an enemy aircraft, with Anti-aircraft warfare, ground-to-air fire.
October
* October 12 – WWI: British nurse Edith Cavell is executed by a German Empire, German firing squad, for helping Allies of World War I, Allied soldiers escape from Belgium.
* October 15 – WWI: Serbian Campaign of World War I, Serbian Campaign –
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe#Before World War I, Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military ...
invades the Kingdom of Serbia. Kingdom of Bulgaria, Bulgaria enters the war, also invading Serbia. The Serbian First Army retreats towards Kingdom of Greece (Glücksburg), Greece.
* October 16 – WWI: France declares war on Bulgaria.
* October 19
** WWI: Russia and Italy declare war on Bulgaria.
** Mexican Revolution: The U.S. recognizes the Mexican government of Venustiano Carranza ''de facto'' (not ''de jure'' until 1917).
* October 21 – The United Daughters of the Confederacy holds its first annual meeting outside the South, in San Francisco. Historian General Mildred Rutherford addresses the gathering on the "Historical Sins of Omission & Commission", of Yankee historians.
* October 23 – WWI: The torpedoing of armored cruiser results in only 3 men being rescued from a crew of 675, the greatest single loss of life for the
Imperial German Navy
The Imperial German Navy or the ''Kaiserliche Marine'' (Imperial Navy) was the navy of the German Empire, which existed between 1871 and 1919. It grew out of the small Prussian Navy (from 1867 the North German Federal Navy), which was mainly for ...
in the Baltic Sea during the war.
* October 25 – Lyda Conley, the first Native Americans in the United States, American Indian woman to appear before the Supreme Court of the United States as a lawyer, is admitted to practice there.
* October 27 – Billy Hughes, William Morris "Billy" Hughes becomes the 7th Prime Minister of Australia.
* October 28 – St. Johns School fire: Fire at St. John's School in Peabody, Massachusetts, United States, claims the lives of 21 girls between the ages of 7 and 17.
November
* November 18 – The U.S. silent film ''Inspiration (1915 film), Inspiration'', the first mainstream movie in which a leading actress (Audrey Munson) appears Nudity in film, nude, is released.
* November 21 – British polar exploration ship ''Endurance (1912 ship), Endurance'' finally breaks apart from pressure of ice around it and sinks into the Weddell Sea, stranding Ernest Shackleton's
Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
The Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914–1917 is considered to be the last major expedition of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. Conceived by Ernest Shackleton, Sir Ernest Shackleton, the expedition was an attempt to make the ...
party in the Antarctic. The wreck is discovered at a depth of 3,008 metres (9,869 ft), 107 years later in 2022.
* November 23 – The Triangle Film Corporation opens its new motion picture theater in Massillon, Ohio.
* November 24 – William Joseph Simmons, William J. Simmons revives the American Civil War era Ku Klux Klan at Stone Mountain, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia.
* November 25 – Albert Einstein presents part of his theory of general relativity to the Prussian Academy of Sciences.
December
* December 4–December 18, 18 – The 'Peace Ship' ''Oscar II'' chartered by industrialist Henry Ford sails from Hoboken, New Jersey to Oslo on an independent and eventually unsuccessful mission to broker a peace conference.
* December 8 – Jean Sibelius conducts the world première of his Symphony No. 5 (Sibelius), Symphony No. 5 in Helsinki at a 50th birthday concert for him.
* December 10 – The 1 millionth Ford Motor Company, Ford car rolls off the assembly line at the River Rouge Plant in
Detroit
Detroit ( , ) is the List of municipalities in Michigan, most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is situated on the bank of the Detroit River across from Windsor, Ontario. It had a population of 639,111 at the 2020 United State ...
, Michigan.
* December 12 – President of the Republic of China Yuan Shikai declares himself Empire of China (1915–16), Emperor.
* December 18 – United States President Woodrow Wilson marries Edith Bolling Galt Wilson, Edith B. Galt, in Washington, D.C.
* December 23 – HMHS Britannic, HMHS ''Britannic'', which will be the largest British ship lost in WWI (though with only 30 fatalities), departs Liverpool on her maiden voyage as a hospital ship.
* December 26 – The Irish Republican Brotherhood Military Council decides to stage an Easter Rising in 1916.
Date unknown
* Carrier Engineering, predecessor of Carrier Global, a global air conditioning brand, is founded in New Jersey, United States.
* The WWI song ''Just for the Sake of Gold'' is published.
Births
January

*
January 1
January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__
Events ...
** Branko Ćopić, Yugoslav writer (d. 1984)
** Fazlollah Reza, Iranian university professor, electrical engineer (d. 2019)
* January 3 – Mady Rahl, German stage, film actress (d. 2009)
* January 4 – Adolf Opálka, Czechoslovak soldier (d. 1942)
*
January 5
Events Pre-1600
* 1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France.
1601–1900
* 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French ...
– Humberto Teixeira, Brazilian flautist (d. 1979)
* January 6 – Alan Watts, British philosopher (d. 1973)
* January 7
** Franz Bartl, Austrian field handball player (d. 1941)
** Helen Mussallem, Canadian nursing administrator (d. 2012)
* January 9 – Anita Louise, American actress (d. 1970)
* January 11 – Robert Blair Mayne, British soldier, co-founder of the Special Air Service (d. 1955)
* January 16 – Susan Ahn Cuddy, United States Navy gunnery officer (d. 2015)
*
January 17
Events Pre-1600
* 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey.
* 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 peopl ...
– Sammy Angott, American boxer (d. 1980)
*
January 18
Events Pre-1600
* 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later.
* 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail.
* 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the C ...
– Santiago Carrillo, Spanish politician (d. 2012)
* January 20 – Ghulam Ishaq Khan, Pakistani civil servant, 7th President of Pakistan (d. 2006)
*
January 23
Events Pre-1600
* 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor.
* 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao.
* 1229 ...
**W. Arthur Lewis, British economist, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
**Potter Stewart, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1985)
*
January 24
Events Pre-1600
* 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula.
* 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt.
* 1438 – The Co ...
– Robert Motherwell, American painter (d. 1991)
*
January 25
Events Pre-1600
* 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate.
* 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dyn ...
– Ewan MacColl, English folk singer, songwriter, and poet (d. 1989)
* January 29
**Albert Henderson (actor), Albert Henderson, American actor (d. 2004)
**V. V. Sadagopan, Indian film actor, music teacher, performer and composer (d. unknown)
* January 30
** Joachim Peiper, German Waffen-SS officer (d. 1976)
** John Profumo, British politician (d. 2006)
*
January 31
Events Pre-1600
* 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades.
* 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on th ...
– Thomas Merton, American monk, author (d. 1968)
February

*
February 1
Events Pre-1600
* 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer.
* 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), ...
** Alicia Rhett, American actress (d. 2014)
** Artur London, Czech statesman (d. 1986)
** Sir Stanley Matthews, English footballer (d. 2000)
* February 2
** Abba Eban, South African-born Israeli foreign affairs minister (d. 2002)
** Khushwant Singh, Indian writer (d. 2014)
*
February 4
Events Pre–1600
* 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...
** Ray Evans, American composer (d. 2007)
** Sir Norman Wisdom, English comedian, singer, and actor (d. 2010)
* February 5 – Robert Hofstadter, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1990)
* February 6 – Danuta Szaflarska, Polish actress (d. 2017)
* February 7
** Teoctist Arăpașu, Ex-Romanian Orthodox Church Patriarch (d. 2007)
** Georges-André Chevallaz, 78th President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 2002)
* February 10 – Tikka Khan, Pakistan Army General, World War II, WWII Veteran and a War Hero of the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965, Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 (d. 2002)
* February 10 – Karl Winsch, American professional baseball player, manager (d. 2001)
* February 11
** Patrick Leigh Fermor, British author (d. 2011)
** Harry Walker (rugby union), Harry Walker, English rugby union player (d. 2018)
* February 12
** Richard G. Colbert, American admiral (d. 1973)
** Lorne Greene, Canadian actor (d. 1987)
** Olivia Hooker, American civil rights figure (d. 2018)
* February 13 – Aung San, Burmese national leader (d. 1947)
* February 16
** Elisabeth Eybers, South African poet (d. 2007)
** Jim O'Hora, American college football coach (d. 2005)
* February 19
**Fred Freiberger, American screenwriter, television producer (d. 2003)
**John Freeman (British politician), John Freeman, British politician (d. 2014)
*
February 20
Events Pre-1600
*1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clash in the Battle of Parabiago; Visconti is defeated.
*1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawn (law), pawned by Norway to S ...
– Danuta Szaflarska Polish screen, stage actress (d. 2017)
* February 21
** Ann Sheridan, American film actress (d. 1967)
** Anton Vratuša, 8th Prime Minister of Slovenia (d. 2017)
* February 23
**Jon Hall (actor), Jon Hall, American actor (d. 1979)
**Paul Tibbets, American World War II bomber pilot (''Enola Gay'') (d. 2007)
*
February 25
Events Pre-1600
* 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor.
* 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II.
* ...
– S. Rajaratnam, 1st Senior Minister of Singapore (d. 2006)
* February 27 – Dick Crockett, American actor, stunt performer (d. 1979)
* February 28
** Peter Medawar, Brazilian-born scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1987)
** Zero Mostel, American film, stage actor (d. 1977)
March
* March 1 – Elizabeth Peet McIntosh, American spy (d. 2015)
* March 4
**László Csatáry, László Csizsik-Csatáry, Hungarian convicted Nazi war criminal (d. 2013)
**Carlos Surinach, Spanish composer (d. 1997)
* March 5 – Sydney Sturgess, British-Canadian actress (d. 1999)
* March 6
** Mary Ward (actress), Mary Ward, Australian actress (d. 2021)
** Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin, Indian leader of the Dawoodi Bohra Community (d. 2014)
* March 7 – Jacques Chaban-Delmas, French politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 2000)
* March 8 – Drue Heinz, American literary publisher (d. 2018)
* March 9 – Johnnie Johnson (RAF officer), John Edgar "Johnnie" Johnson, English pilot (d. 2001)
*
March 11
Events Pre-1600
* 843 – Triumph of Orthodoxy: Empress Theodora II restores the veneration of icons in the Orthodox churches in the Byzantine Empire.
* 1343 – Arnošt of Pardubice becomes the last Bishop of Prague (3 March 13 ...
– Vijay Hazare, Indian cricketer (d. 2004)
* March 15 – Carl Emil Schorske, American cultural historian (d. 2015)
* March 17 – Bill Roycroft, Australian equestrian (d. 2011)
*
March 19
Events Pre-1600
* 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire.
* 1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen en ...
– Patricia Morison, American actress (d. 2018)
* March 20
** Rudolf Kirchschläger, Austrian politician, 8th President of Austria (d. 2000)
** Sviatoslav Richter, Ukrainian pianist (d. 1997)
** Marie M. Runyon, American politician, activist (d. 2018)
** Sister Rosetta Tharpe, American singer (d. 1973)
* March 23
** Tom Pashby, Canadian ophthalmologist and sport safety advocate (d. 2005)
** Vasily Zaitsev (sniper), Vasily Zaytsev, Soviet sniper (d. 1991)
** Jack Rollins (producer), American film and television producer (d. 2015)
*
March 27
Events Pre-1600
* 1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized Ferrara, a papal fiefdom.
* 1329 – Pope John XXII ...
– Robert Lockwood Jr., American musician (d. 2006)
* March 30
** Arsenio Erico, Paraguayan footballer (d. 1977)
** Pietro Ingrao, Italian politician (d. 2015)
* March 31 – Albert Hourani, English historian (d. 1993)
April

* April 1 – O. W. Fischer, Austrian actor (d. 2004)
* April 3
** Axel Axgil, Danish LGBT rights activist (d. 2011)
** Piet de Jong, Dutch politician, naval officer, Ministry of Defence (Netherlands), Minister of Defence (1963–1967), and Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1967–1971) (d. 2016)
** Paul Touvier, French Nazi collaborator (d. 1996)
* April 6
** Tadeusz Kantor, Polish painter, assemblage designer and theatre director (d. 1990)
** Thelma McKenzie, Australian cricketer (d. )
* April 7
** Stanley Adams (actor), Stanley Adams, American actor and screenwriter (d. 1977)
** Albert O. Hirschman, German-born economist (d. 2012)
** Billie Holiday, African-American singer (d. 1959)
** Bernadette Armiger, Catholic nun and president of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (d. 1979)
* April 8 – Ivan Supek, Croatian physicist, author, and human rights activist (d. 2007)
* April 10
** Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan, Kashmiri guerrilla leader (d. 2003)
** Harry Morgan, American actor and director (d. 2011)
* April 12
** George Hogan (basketball), George Hogan, American professional basketball player (d. 1965)
** Hound Dog Taylor, American guitarist, singer (d. 1975)
*
April 21
Events Pre-1600
* 753 BC – Romulus founds Rome ( traditional date).
* 43 BC – Battle of Mutina: Mark Antony is again defeated in battle by Aulus Hirtius, who is killed. Antony fails to capture Mutina and Decimus Brutus is mur ...
– Anthony Quinn, Mexican actor (d. 2001)
*
April 24
Events Pre-1600
* 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty).
* 1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy ...
– Sam Burston, Australian farmer (d. 2015)
* April 29 – Donald Mills, lead tenor of the Mills Brothers (d. 1999)
* April 30 – Elio Toaff, Italian rabbi (d. 2015)
May

* May 2
** Van Alexander, American bandleader, arranger and composer (d. 2015)
** Doris Fisher (songwriter), Doris Fisher, American singer and songwriter (d. 2003)
* May 3
** Michele Cozzoli, Italian composer, conductor and arranger (d. 1961)
** Stu Hart, Canadian wrestling trainer (d. 2003)
*
May 5
Events Pre-1600
* 553 – The Second Council of Constantinople begins.
* 1215 – Rebel barons renounce their allegiance to King John of England — part of a chain of events leading to the signing of the Magna Carta.
* 1260 – ...
– Alice Faye, American entertainer (d. 1998)
*
May 6
Events Pre-1600
* 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance.
* 1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Sp ...
** Sydney Carter, British musician, poet and songwriter (d. 2004)
** Orson Welles, American actor and director (d. 1985)
* May 10
** Beyers Naudé, South African cleric, theologian and activist (d. 2004)
** Sir Denis Thatcher, British businessman, husband of Margaret Thatcher (d. 2003)
* May 12
** Brother Roger, Swiss founder of the Taizé Community (d. 2005)
** Tadashi Sasaki (engineer), Tadashi Sasaki, Japanese engineer (d. 2018)
* May 15
** Ida Keeling, American track and field athlete (d. 2021)
** Evelyn Owen, Australian gun designer (d. 1949)
** Paul Samuelson, American economist, Nobel Prize in Economics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2009)
* May 16 – Mario Monicelli, Italian film director (d. 2010)
* May 19 – Renée Asherson, British actress (d. 2014)
* May 20 – Moshe Dayan, Israeli military leader and politician (d. 1981)
* May 25 – Aarne Kainlauri, Finnish athlete (d. 2020)
* May 27
** Ester Soré, Chilean musician (d. 1996)
** Herman Wouk, American author (d. 2019)
* May 29 – Karl Münchinger, German conductor (d. 1990)
* May 31 – Carmen Herrera, Cuban-American painter (d. 2022)
June
* June 1 – John Randolph (actor), John Randolph, American actor (d. 2004)
* June 2
** Jason Lee (judge), Jason Lee, American politician and judge (d. 1980)
** Tapio Wirkkala, Finnish designer (d. 1985)
* June 3 – Milton Cato, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (d. 1997)
* June 4 – Modibo Keïta, 1st President of Mali (d. 1977)
* June 9
** Ken Feltscheer, Australian rules footballer (d. 2017)
** Les Paul, American inventor and musician (d. 2009)
* June 10
** Saul Bellow, Canadian-born writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
** Peride Celal, Turkish author (d. 2013)
** Inia Te Wiata, New Zealand Māori bass-baritone opera singer, film actor, whakairo (carver) and artist (d. 1971)
* June 11 – Buddy Baer, American boxer and actor (d. 1986)
* June 12
** William MacVane, American surgeon and politician (d. 2010)
** David Rockefeller, American banker and philanthropist (d. 2017)
* June 14 – Loke Wan Tho, Singaporean business magnate, ornithologist, and photographer (d. 1964)
* June 15
** Kaiser Matanzima, President of the Transkei bantustan (d. 2003)
** Nini Theilade, Danish ballet dancer, choreographer and teacher (d. 2018)
** Thomas Huckle Weller, American virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2008)
* June 16 – Mariano Rumor, Italian politician and Prime Minister of Italy from 1968 to 1970 and again from 1973 to 1974 (d. 1990)
* June 17
** Mario Echandi Jiménez, President of Costa Rica (d. 2011)
** Karl Targownik, Hungarian psychiatrist and Holocaust survivor (d. 1996)
** Walter J. Zable, American founder and CEO of Cubic Corporation (d. 2012)
* June 21 – Karol Miklosz, Polish-Soviet footballer, Soviet referee and Soviet-Ukrainian football administrator (d. 2003)
* June 22
** Duncan Clark (athlete), Duncan Clark, Scottish athlete (d. 2003)
** Randolph Hokanson, American pianist (d. 2018)
** Hatsuko Morioka, Japanese freestyle swimmer
** Cornelius Warmerdam, American track & field athlete (d. 2001)
* June 24
** Fred Hoyle, British astronomer (d. 2001)
** Bill Radovich, American football guard (d. 2002)
* June 25 – Floyd Boring, American Secret Service agent (d. 2008)
* June 26
** George Haigh, English professional footballer (d. 2019)
** Charlotte Zolotow, American author (d. 2013)
* June 27
** Grace Lee Boggs, American author, social activist and philosopher (d. 2015)
** Graham Botting, New Zealand cricketer and hockey player (d. 2007)
** John Alexander Moore, American zoology professor (d. 2002)
* June 28
** David "Honeyboy" Edwards, American musician (d. 2011)
** Muzz Patrick, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1998)
** Carmen Vidal, Spanish cosmetologist and businesswoman (d. 2003)
* June 29 – John Charles Cutler, American surgeon (d. 2003)
* June 30
** Oskar-Hubert Dennhardt, German officer (d. 2014)
** Robert E. Hopkins, president of the Optical Society of America in 1973 (d. 2009)
July
* July 1
** A. F. M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury, 9th President of Bangladesh (d. 2001)
** Willie Dixon, American blues musician (d. 1992)
** Philip Lever, 3rd Viscount Leverhulme, British peer (d. 2000)
** Rudolf Pernický, Czechoslovak soldier and paratrooper (d. 2005)
* July 3
** Ralph Chapin, American businessman (d. 2000)
** Marta Grandi, Italian entomologist (d. 2005)
* July 4 – Timmie Rogers, American actor and singer-songwriter (d. 2006)
* July 5
** Yu Guangyuan, Chinese economist (d. 2013)
** Al Timothy, Trinidadian musician (d. 2000)
** John Woodruff (athlete), John Woodruff, American athlete (d. 2007)
* July 6 – Javare Gowda, Indian language author (d. 2016)
* July 7
** Reynaldo Guerra Garza, American judge (d. 2004)
** Billy Mure, American guitarist (d. 2013)
* July 8
** Lowell English, United States Marine Corps general (d. 2005)
** Neil D. Van Sickle, American Air Force major general (d. 2019)
* July 9
** Joan Tompkins, American actress (d. 2005)
* July 10 – Kevin Barrett (footballer), Kevin Barrett, Australian rules footballer (d. 1984)
* July 11 – Leonard Goodwin, British protozoologist (d. 2008)
* July 12
** Princess Catherine Ivanovna of Russia (d. 2007)
** Emanuel Papper, American anesthesiologist, professor, and author (d. 2002)
* July 13
** Tex Hill, Korean-American fighter pilot and flying ace (d. 2007)
** Paul Williams (saxophonist), Paul Williams, African American jazz and blues saxophonist, bandleader and songwriter (d. 2002)
* July 14 – Harold Pupkewitz, Namibian entrepreneur (d. 2012)
* July 15
** William O. Baker, president of Bell Labs (d. 2005)
** Alicia Zubasnabar de De la Cuadra, Argentine human rights activist (d. 2008)
** A. A. Englander, British television cinematographer (d. 2004)
** Kashmir Singh Katoch, Indian military advisor (d. 2007)
** Alexandru Usatiuc-Bulgăr, Moldovan activist (d. 2003)
* July 16 – Elaine Barrie, American actress (d. 2003)
* July 17 – Fred Ball, American movie studio executive, actor, and brother of comedian Lucille Ball (d. 2007)
* July 18
** Roxana Cannon Arsht, American judge (d. 2003)
** Carequinha, Brazilian clown, actor (d. 2006)
** Louis Le Bailly, British Royal Navy officer (d. 2010)
* July 19
** Rita Childers, First Lady of Ireland (1973–1974) (d. 2010)
** Katherine Sanford, American biologist (d. 2005)
* July 20
** Matest M. Agrest, Russian-Jewish mathematician (d. 2005)
** Gene Hasson, American Major League Baseball infielder (d. 2003)
* July 24 – Enrique Fernando, Chief Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court (d. 2004)
* July 25
** S. U. Ethirmanasingham, Sri Lankan businessman and politician
** Julio Iglesias, Sr., Spanish gynecologist, father of Julio Iglesias (d. 2005)
** Joseph P. Kennedy Jr., American fighter pilot, elder brother of John F. Kennedy (d. 1944)
* July 26 – K. Pattabhi Jois, Indian yogi (d. 2009)
* July 28
** Red Barrett, American baseball player (d. 1990)
** Charles Hard Townes, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2015)
** Frankie Yankovic, American accordion player (d. 1998)
* July 30
** Viliam Žingor, Slovak general and anti-fascist fighter (d. 1950)
August
* August 2
** Gary Merrill, American actor (d. 1990)
** Neville Wigram, 2nd Baron Wigram, British army officer (d. 2017)
* August 3
** Frank Arthur Calder, Canadian politician (d. 2006)
** Pete Newell, Canadian-born basketball coach (d. 2008)
* August 4 – William Keene, American actor (d. 1992)
* August 8
** Alex Schoenbaum, American collegiate football player and businessman (d. 1996)
** María Rostworowski, Peruvian historian (d. 2016)
** Joseph P. Graw, American businessman and politician (d. 2018)
* August 9 – George W. BonDurant, American preacher (d. 2017)
* August 12
** Donald Pellmann, American masters athlete (d. 2020)
** Michael Kidd, American choreographer (d. 2007)
* August 14
** Vincent Foy, Canadian Roman Catholic cleric, theologian (d. 2017)
** Irene Hickson, American professional baseball player (d. 1995)
* August 16 – Herbert Greenwald, American real estate developer (d. 1959)
* August 18 – Joseph Arthur Ankrah, 2nd President of Ghana (d. 1992)
* August 19 – Ring Lardner Jr., American film screenwriter (d. 2000)
* August 20 – Ivo Rojnica, Croatian-Argentine war crimes suspect, businessman, diplomat, and intelligence agent (d. 2007)
* August 21 – Arnold Goodman, Baron Goodman, British lawyer, political adviser (d. 1995)
* August 24
** Dave McCoy, American founder of the Mammoth Mountain Ski Area (d. 2020)
** Wynonie Harris, African-American blues, rhythm and blues singer (d. 1969)
* August 25 – Walter Trampler, American violist (d. 1997)
* August 27 – Norman F. Ramsey, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2011)
* August 28
** Tol Avery, American actor (d. 1973)
** Simon Oakland, American actor (d. 1983)
** Max Robertson, British sports commentator (d. 2009)
* August 29 – Ingrid Bergman, Swedish actress (d. 1982)
* August 30
** Princess Lilian, Duchess of Halland, British-born Swedish princess (d. 2013)
** Robert Strassburg, American composer (d. 2003)
* August 31 – Víctor Pey, Spanish-Chilean engineer (d. 2018)
September
* September 3 – Knut Nystedt, Norwegian composer (d. 2014)
* September 6 – Franz Josef Strauss, German politician (d. 1988)
* September 8 – Frank Cady, American actor (d. 2012)
* September 9 – Richard Webb (actor), Richard Webb, American actor (d. 1993)
* September 10 – Edmond O'Brien, American actor (d. 1985)
* September 11 – Raúl Alberto Lastiri, 39th President of Argentina (d. 1978)
* September 14 – John Dobson (amateur astronomer), John Dobson, American astronomer (d. 2014)
* September 15 – Helmut Schön, German football player, manager (d. 1996)
* September 16 – Eddie Filgate, Irish politician (d. 2017)
* September 17 – M. F. Husain, Indian artist (d. 2011)
* September 19 – Germán Valdés, Mexican actor, singer and comedian (d. 1973)
* September 20 – Malik Meraj Khalid, Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 2003)
* September 22 – Bernardino Piñera, Chilean Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2020)
* September 23
** Julius Baker, American flautist (d. 2003)
** Zdenko Blažeković, Croatian politician (d. 1947)
** Clifford Shull, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2001)
* September 24 – Joseph Montoya, American politician (d. 1978)
* September 27 – Ira Colitz, American politician (d. 1998)
* September 28 – Kay Mander, British film director, shooting continuity specialist (d. 2013)
* September 29
** Vincent DeDomenico, American entrepreneur (d. 2007)
** Brenda Marshall, American actress (d. 1992)
* September 30
** Nadezhda Fedutenko, Soviet red army officer (d. 1978)
** Lester Maddox, Governor of Georgia (d. 2003)
October

* October 1
** Jerome Bruner, American psychologist (d. 2016)
** Talat Tunçalp, Turkish Olympian cyclist (d. 2017)
* October 2 – Chuck Williams (author), Chuck Williams, American businessman (d. 2015)
* October 6 – Neus Català, Spanish political activist (d. 2019)
* October 7 – Walter Keane, American plagiarist (d. 2000)
* October 11 – T. Llew Jones, Welsh author, poet (d. 2009)
* October 12
** José Bragato, Italian-born Argentine cellist, composer, conductor and arranger (d. 2017)
** Tony Rafty, Australian caricaturist (d. 2015)
* October 13 – Frederick Rosier, British Royal Air Force commander (d. 1998)
* October 14 – Loris Francesco Capovilla, Italian Roman Catholic prelate (d. 2016)
* October 17
** Victor Garaygordóbil Berrizbeitia, Spanish Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2018)
** H. Basil S. Cooke, Canadian geologist, palaeontologist (d. 2018)
** John J. McKetta, American chemical engineer (d. 2019)
** Arthur Miller, American playwright (d. 2005)
* October 18 – Thomas Round, English opera singer, actor (d. 2016)
* October 19 – Andreas Peter Cornelius Sol, Dutch prelate (d. 2016)
* October 21 – Aleksandr Ezhevsky, Soviet engineer, statesman (d. 2017)
* October 22 – Yitzhak Shamir, Israeli politician (d. 2012)
* October 23 – Shin Hyun-joon (general), Shin Hyun-joon, South Korean general (d. 2007)
* October 24 – Bob Kane, American comic book artist/writer, co-creator of Batman (d. 1998)
* October 27 – Harry Saltzman, Canadian theatre, film producer (d. 1994)
* October 28 – Dody Goodman, American actress, dancer (d. 2008)
* October 29 – William Berenberg, American physician (d. 2005)
November

* November 1
** Marion Eugene Carl, U.S. Marine Corps World War II fighter ace, test pilot (d. 1998)
** Frances Hesselbein, President of the Girl Scouts of the USA, CEO of the Frances Hesselbein Leadership Institute (d. 2022)
** Eva Macapagal, 9th First Lady of the Philippines (d. 1999)
* November 2 – Kay Armen, American Armenian singer (d. 2011)
* November 4
** Wee Kim Wee, 4th President of Singapore (d. 2005)
** Ismail Abdul Rahman, Malaysian politician (d. 1973)
* November 7
** Philip Morrison, American physicist, astrophysicist and professor (d. 2005)
** Jiao Ruoyu, Chinese Communist Party politician (d. 2020)
* November 8 – Richard Luyt, 1st Governor General of Guyana (d. 1994)
* November 9 – Sargent Shriver, American politician (d. 2011)
* November 11
** William Proxmire, United States Senator (d. 2005)
** Anna Schwartz, American economist (d. 2012)
* November 12 – Roland Barthes, French philosopher, literary critic (d. 1980)
* November 13 – Carla Marangoni, Italian gymnast (d. 2018)
* November 17 – Albert Malbois, French prelate (d. 2017)
* November 18 – James Whittico Jr., American physician (d. 2018)
* November 19 – Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr., American physiologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
* November 20 – Bill Daniel (politician), Bill Daniel, American politician (d. 2006)
* November 23
** John Dehner, American actor (d. 1992)
** Julio César Méndez Montenegro, President of Guatemala (d. 1996)
* November 25
** Augusto Pinochet, 31st President of Chile (d. 2006)
** Armando Villanueva, leader of the Peruvian American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (d. 2013)
* November 29
** Eugene Polley, American electronics engineer (d. 2012)
** Billy Strayhorn, American jazz pianist-composer (d. 1967)
* November 30
** Brownie McGhee, American musician (d. 1996)
** Emmanuel Pelaez, 6th Vice President of the Philippines (d. 2003)
** Henry Taube, Canadian-born chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
December
* December 2
** Takahito, Prince Mikasa, Prince Takahito of Mikasa, younger brother of Japanese Emperor Hirohito (d. 2016)
** Marais Viljoen, President of South Africa (d. 2007)
* December 5 – Ren Xinmin, Chinese aerospace engineer (d. 2017)
* December 6 – Alan Sayers, New Zealand journalist, photographer and athlete (d. 2017)
* December 7 – Eli Wallach, American actor (d. 2014)
* December 8 – Ernest Lehman, American screenwriter (d. 2005)
* December 9 – Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, German-born soprano (d. 2006)
* December 12
** Felicity Hill, British Royal Air Force officer (d. 2019)
** Frank Sinatra, American singer, actor (d. 1998)
* December 13
** Curd Juergens, Austrian-German film actor (d. 1982)
** B. J. Vorster, South African politician, Prime Minister and State President (d. 1983)
* December 14 – Dan Dailey, American actor, dancer (d. 1978)
* December 15
**Kenshiro Abbe, Japanese master of judo, aikido, and kendo (d. 1985)
**Charles F. Wheeler, American cinematographer (d. 2004)
* December 17 – Robert A. Dahl, American political scientist (d. 2014)
* December 18 – Bill Zuckert, American actor (d. 1997)
* December 19
** Ke Hua, Chinese diplomat (d. 2019)
** Édith Piaf, French singer (d. 1963)
* December 21 – Werner von Trapp, member of the Austrian Trapp Family Singers (d. 2007)
* December 22 – Barbara Billingsley, American actress (d. 2010)
* December 27
** Mary Kornman, American child actress (d. 1973)
** Gyula Zsengellér, Hungarian footballer (d. 1999)
* December 31 – Davuldena Gnanissara Thero, Sri Lankan Buddhist monk (d. 2017)
Deaths
January

* January 9 – Yang Shoujing, Chinese historical geographer and calligrapher (b. 1839)
* January 10 – Marshall Pinckney Wilder, American actor, humorist, comedian and monologist (b. 1859)
* January 13 – Mary Slessor, Scottish Christian missionary (b. 1848)
* January 14 – Richard Meux Benson, English founder of an Anglican religious order (b. 1824)
*
January 18
Events Pre-1600
* 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later.
* 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail.
* 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the C ...
– Anatoly Stessel, Russian baron and general (b. 1848)
*
January 19
Events Pre-1600
* 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to '' Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire.
* 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surren ...
– Anna Leonowens (Anna of ''The King and I'') (b. 1831)
* January 22 – James M. Spangler, American inventor (b. 1848)
February
* February 3 – Bosnian Serb conspirators (executed for their part in the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria):
** Veljko Čubrilović (b. 1886)
** Danilo Ilić (b. 1891)
** Miško Jovanović (b. 1878)
* February 5 – Ross Barnes, American baseball player (b. 1850)
*
February 18
Events Pre-1600
* 3102 BC – Kali Yuga, the fourth and final yuga of Hinduism, starts with the death of Krishna.
* 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining J ...
** Francisco Giner de los Ríos, Spanish philosopher, educator (b. 1839)
** Frank James, American outlaw (b. 1843)
* February 22 – John Gough (British Army officer), Sir John Gough, British general, Victoria Cross recipient (killed in action) (b. 1871)
* February 26 –Edward Richardson, New Zealand engineer and politician (b. 1831)
March
* March 4 – William Willett, English promoter of daylight saving time (b. 1856)
* March 13 – Sergei Witte, Russian aristocrat, statesman and Prime Minister (b. 1849)
*
March 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland.
* 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the H ...
– Lincoln J. Beachey, American pilot (b. 1887)

* March 15 – George Llewelyn Davies, English soldier, inspiration for the "Lost Boys" of ''Peter Pan'' (killed in action) (b. 1893)
* March 21 – Frederick Winslow Taylor, American engineer, economist (b. 1856)
* March 24 − Morgan Robertson, American author (b. 1861)
* March 31
** Wyndham Halswelle, Scottish runner (killed in action) (b. 1882)
** Nathan Rothschild, 1st Baron Rothschild, British banker and politician (b. 1840)
April
* April 4 – Andrew Stoddart, English sportsman (b. 1863)
* April 9 – Friedrich Loeffler, German bacteriologist (b. 1852)
*
April 11
Events Pre-1600
* 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I.
* 1241 – Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi.
*1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferra ...
– Maria Swanenburg, Dutch serial killer (b. 1839)
*
April 26
Events Pre-1600
* 1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux.
* 1478 – The Pazzi family attack on Lorenzo de' Medici in order to displace the ruling Medici family kills his brother Giuliano during High Mass in Fl ...
– Ida Hunt Udall, American Latter-day Saint diarist (b. 1858)
* April 16 – Nelson W. Aldrich, U.S. Senator from Rhode Island (b. 1841)
* April 20 – Daniel Webster Jones (Mormon), Daniel Webster Jones, American Latter-day Saint pioneer (b. 1830)
* April 23
** Rupert Brooke, English poet (sepsis from an infected mosquito bite on active service) (b. 1887)
** Frederick Fisher (VC), Frederick Fisher, Canadian recipient of Victoria Cross (killed in action) (b. 1894)
*
April 25
Events Pre-1600
* 404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion.
* 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against th ...
– Frederick W. Seward, American politician (b. 1830)
*
April 26
Events Pre-1600
* 1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux.
* 1478 – The Pazzi family attack on Lorenzo de' Medici in order to displace the ruling Medici family kills his brother Giuliano during High Mass in Fl ...
– John Bunny, American actor (b. 1863)
* April 27
** William Barnard Rhodes-Moorhouse, English airman, first aviator awarded Victoria Cross (b. 1887)
** Alexander Scriabin, Russian composer (b. 1872)
*April 30 – Edward D. Easton, founder and president of Columbia Phonograph Company (b. 1856)
May
*
May 7
Events Pre-1600
* 351 – The Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus breaks out after his arrival at Antioch.
* 558 – In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses, twenty years after its construction. Justinian I im ...
– Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt, American sportsman (b. 1877; died in the
Sinking of the RMS ''Lusitania'')
* May 9
** François Faber, Luxembourgish cyclist (killed in action) (b. 1887)
** Anthony Wilding, New Zealand tennis player (killed in action) (b. 1883)
* May 18 – William Bridges (general), Sir William Bridges, Australian army general (b. 1861)
* May 24 – John Condon (British Army soldier), John Condon, Irish private soldier in British Army, claimed as youngest British soldier to die in WWI (killed in action) (b. 1896)
* May 26
** Emil Lask, German philosopher (killed in action) (b. 1875)
** Julian Grenfell, English poet (killed in action) (b. 1888)
* May 30 – Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero, 3-time Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1832)
* May 31 – Victor Child Villiers, 7th Earl of Jersey, 18th Governor of New South Wales (b. 1845)
June
* June 5 – Henri Gaudier-Brzeska, French artist and sculptor (killed in action) (b. 1891)
* June 7 – Charles Reed Bishop, American businessman, philanthropist in Hawaii (b. 1822)
* June 10 – Ignatius Maloyan, Armenian Eastern Catholic archbishop and blessed (b. 1869)
* June 13 – Zbigniew Dunin-Wasowicz, Polish military leader (killed in action) (b. 1882)
* June 19 – Benjamin F. Isherwood, American admiral, United States Navy Engineer-in-Chief (b. 1822)
* June 25 – Tok Janggut, Malayan rebel leader (killed in action) (b. 1853)
July

* July 2 – Porfirio Díaz, 29th President of Mexico (b. 1830)
* July 6 – Lawrence Hargrave, Australian engineer (b. 1850)
* July 10 – Alice Bellvadore Sams Turner, American physician (b. 1859)
* July 16 – Ellen G. White, American prophetess, co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, most translated American author (b. 1827)
* July 18 – Ozra Amander Hadley, American politician (b. 1826)
* July 22 – Sandford Fleming, Sir Sandford Fleming, Canadian engineer and inventor (b. 1827)
* July 25 – Virginie Amélie Avegno Gautreau, American-born French socialite, model for the painting ''Portrait of Madame X'' (b. 1859)
* July 30 – Charles Becker, American policeman and murderer (executed) (b. 1870)
August
* August 10 – Henry Moseley, English physicist (killed in action) (b. 1887)
* August 16 – Kálmán Széll, 13th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1843)
* August 17 – Leo Frank, Jewish-American factory superintendent who was lynched after the murder of Mary Phagan (b. 1884)
* August 20
** Paul Ehrlich, German scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1854)
** Carlos Finlay, Cuban pathologist (b. 1833)
* August 21 – Josiah T. Settle, American lawyer and politician (b. 1850)
* August 30
** Antonio Flores Jijón, 13th President of Ecuador (b. 1833)
** Pascual Orozco, Mexican revolutionary (b. 1882)
* August 31 – Adolphe Pégoud, French acrobatic pilot, World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1889)
September
* September 1 – August Stramm, German poet, playwright (killed in action) (b. 1874)
* September 9
** Antonín Petrof, Czech piano maker (b. 1839)
** Albert Spalding, American baseball player, sporting goods manufacturer (b. 1850)
* September 11 – William Sprague IV, American politician from Rhode Island (b. 1830)
* September 13 – Andrew L. Harris, American Civil War hero, 44th Governor of Ohio (b. 1835)
* September 21 – Anthony Comstock, American anti-indecency reformer (b. 1844)
* September 26 – Keir Hardie, British labour leader (b. 1856)
* September 27 – Fergus Bowes-Lyon, brother of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (killed in action) (b. 1889)
October
* October 4
** Karl Staaff, 11th Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1860)
** John Rigby, grandfather of Eleanor Rigby, to whom Paul McCartney attributes a subconscious influence on naming the Eleanor Rigby, song with the same name (b.1843)
* October 7 – Friedrich Hasenöhrl, Austrian physicist (b. 1874)
* October 10 – Albert Cashier, born Jennie Hodgers, Irish American soldier (b. 1843)
* October 12 – Edith Cavell, British nurse, war heroine (shot) (b. 1865)
* October 13 – Charles Sorley, British poet (killed in action) (b. 1895)
* October 15 – Theodor Boveri, German biologist (b. 1862)
* October 16 – Zdeňka Wiedermannová-Motyčková, Moravian pioneer of female education (heart attack) (b. 1868)
* October 22 – Wilhelm Windelband, German philosopher (b. 1848)
* October 23 – W. G. Grace, English cricketer (b. 1848)
* October 26 – August Bungert, German composer, poet (b. 1845)
* October 30 – Charles Tupper, Sir Charles Tupper, 6th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1821)
* October 31 – Blanche Walsh, American actress (b. 1873)
November

* November 14
** Theodor Leschetizky, Polish pianist and composer (b. 1830)
** Booker T. Washington, American educator (b. 1856)
* November 15 – Félix de Blochausen, 6th Prime Minister of Luxembourg (b. 1834)
* November 21 – Dixie Haygood, American magician (b. 1861)
* November 28 – Mubarak Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (b. 1837)
December
* December 14 – Eva Gouel, second girlfriend of Pablo Picasso
* December 18 – Henry Roscoe (chemist), Sir Henry Roscoe, English chemist (b. 1833)
* December 18 – Édouard Vaillant, French Socialist politician (b. 1840)
* December 19 – Alois Alzheimer, German psychiatrist, neuropathologist (b. 1864)
* December 22 – Rose Talbot Bullard, American medical doctor, professor (b. 1864)
* December 31 – Tommaso Salvini, Italian actor (b. 1829)
Nobel Prizes
* Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Richard Willstätter
* Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Romain Rolland
* Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Medicine – not awarded
* Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – not awarded
* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg
Notes
Further reading
* Williams, John. ''The Other Battleground The Home Fronts: Britain, France and Germany 1914–1918'' (1972) pp 43–108.
Primary sources and year books
''New International Year Book 1915'' Comprehensive coverage of world and national affairs, 791pp
* ''Hazell's Annual for 1916'' (1916), worldwide events of 1915; 640p
online worldwide coverage of 1915 events; emphasis on Great Britain
External links
* Pictures of the 1915 Galveston Hurricane at th
University of Houston Digital Library
{{Events by month links
1915,