Events
Pre-1600
*
96 –
Domitian
Domitian (; la, Domitianus; 24 October 51 – 18 September 96) was a Roman emperor who reigned from 81 to 96. The son of Vespasian and the younger brother of Titus, his two predecessors on the throne, he was the last member of the Flavi ...
, who has been conducting a reign of terror for the past three years, is assassinated as a result of a plot by his wife
Domitia {{For, the genus of beetles, Domitia (beetle)
Domitia is the name of women from the ''gens'' Domitia of Ancient Rome. Women from the ''gens'' include:
* Domitia (aunt of Messalina), aunt of Roman emperor Nero and empress Messalina
* Domitia Lep ...
and two
Praetorian prefect
The praetorian prefect ( la, praefectus praetorio, el, ) was a high office in the Roman Empire. Originating as the commander of the Praetorian Guard, the office gradually acquired extensive legal and administrative functions, with its holders be ...
s.
*
96 –
Nerva
Nerva (; originally Marcus Cocceius Nerva; 8 November 30 – 27 January 98) was Roman emperor from 96 to 98. Nerva became emperor when aged almost 66, after a lifetime of imperial service under Nero and the succeeding rulers of the Flavian ...
is proclaimed Roman emperor after
Domitian
Domitian (; la, Domitianus; 24 October 51 – 18 September 96) was a Roman emperor who reigned from 81 to 96. The son of Vespasian and the younger brother of Titus, his two predecessors on the throne, he was the last member of the Flavi ...
is assassinated.
*
324
__NOTOC__
Year 324 ( CCCXXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Crispus and Constantinus (or, less frequently, year ...
–
Constantine the Great
Constantine I ( , ; la, Flavius Valerius Constantinus, ; ; 27 February 22 May 337), also known as Constantine the Great, was Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337, the first one to convert to Christianity. Born in Naissus, Dacia Mediterran ...
decisively defeats Licinius in the
Battle of Chrysopolis
The Battle of Chrysopolis was fought on 18 September 324 at Chrysopolis (modern Üsküdar), near Chalcedon (modern Kadıköy), between the two Roman emperors Constantine I and Licinius. The battle was the final encounter between the two em ...
, establishing Constantine's sole control over the Roman Empire.
*
1048
Year 1048 ( MXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* September 18 – Battle of Kapetron: A combined Byzantine-Georgian army, under ...
–
Battle of Kapetron
The Battle of Kapetron or Kapetrou was fought between a Byzantine- Georgian army and the Seljuq Turks at the plain of Kapetron (modern Hasankale/Pasinler in northeastern Turkey) in 1048. The event was the culmination of a major raid led by th ...
between a combined Byzantine-Georgian army and a
Seljuq army.
*
1066
1066 ( MLXVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.
Events
Worldwide
* March 20 – Halley's Comet reaches perihelion. Its appearance is subsequently recorded in the Bayeux Tapestry.
Asia
* ''unknown dates'' ...
– Norwegian king
Harald Hardrada
Harald Sigurdsson (; – 25 September 1066), also known as Harald III of Norway and given the epithet ''Hardrada'' (; modern no, Hardråde, roughly translated as "stern counsel" or "hard ruler") in the sagas, was King of Norway from 1046 to ...
lands with
Tostig Godwinson
Tostig Godwinson ( 102925 September 1066) was an Anglo-Saxon Earl of Northumbria and brother of King Harold Godwinson. After being exiled by his brother, Tostig supported the Norwegian king Harald Hardrada's invasion of England, and was kill ...
at the mouth of the Humber River and begins his invasion of England.
*
1180
Year 1180 ( MCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* September 24 – Emperor Manuel I (Komnenos) dies after a 37-year reign at ...
–
Philip Augustus
Philip II (21 August 1165 – 14 July 1223), byname Philip Augustus (french: Philippe Auguste), was King of France from 1180 to 1223. His predecessors had been known as kings of the Franks, but from 1190 onward, Philip became the first French m ...
becomes king of France at the age of fifteen.
*
1454
Year 1454 ( MCDLIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* February 4 – Thirteen Years' War: The Secret Council of the Prussian Confederati ...
–
Thirteen Years' War: In the
Battle of Chojnice, the Polish army is defeated by the
Teutonic knights
The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem, commonly known as the Teutonic Order, is a Catholic religious institution founded as a military society in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem. It was formed to aid Christians on ...
.
*
1544
__NOTOC__
Events
January–June
* January 13 – At Västerås, the estates of Sweden swear loyalty to King Gustav Vasa and to his heirs, ending the traditional electoral monarchy in Sweden. Gustav subsequently signs an allian ...
– The expedition of
Juan Bautista Pastene
200px, Map showing the September 1544 expedition led by Pastene.
Giovanni Battista Pastene (1507–1580) was a Genoese maritime explorer who, while in the service of the Spanish crown, explored the coasts of Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru ...
makes landfall in
San Pedro Bay,
southern Chile
Southern Chile is an informal geographic term for any place south of the capital city, Santiago, or south of Biobío River, the mouth of which is Concepción, about {{convert, 200, mi, km, sigfig=1, order=flip south of Santiago. Generally citie ...
, claiming the territory for Spain.
1601–1900
*
1618
Events
January–June
* February 26 – Osman II deposes his uncle Mustafa I as Ottoman sultan (until 1622).
* March 8 – Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion (after some initial calculations, he so ...
– The twelfth
baktun
A baktun (properly bʼakʼtun ) is 20 ''kʼatun'' cycles of the ancient Maya Long Count Calendar. It contains 144,000 days, equal to 394.26 tropical years. The Classic period of Maya civilization occurred during the 8th and 9th baktuns of the cu ...
in the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar begins.
*
1714
Events
January–March
* January 21 – After being tricked into deserting a battle against India's Mughal Empire by the rebel Sayyid brothers, Prince Azz-ud-din Mirza is blinded on orders of the Emperor Farrukhsiyar as punishment.
* Feb ...
–
George I George I or 1 may refer to:
People
* Patriarch George I of Alexandria ( fl. 621–631)
* George I of Constantinople (d. 686)
* George I of Antioch (d. 790)
* George I of Abkhazia (ruled 872/3–878/9)
* George I of Georgia (d. 1027)
* Yuri Dolg ...
arrives in Great Britain after becoming king on August 1.
*
1739
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Bouvet Island is discovered by French explorer Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier, in the South Atlantic Ocean.
* January 3: A 7.6 earthquake shakes the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Regi ...
– The
Treaty of Belgrade
The Treaty of Belgrade, also known as the Belgrade Peace, was the peace treaty signed on September 18, 1739 in Belgrade, Habsburg Kingdom of Serbia (today Serbia), by the Ottoman Empire on one side and the Habsburg monarchy on the other, that ...
is signed, whereby Austria cedes lands south of the Sava and Danube rivers to the Ottoman Empire.
*
1759
In Great Britain, this year was known as the ''Annus Mirabilis'', because of British victories in the Seven Years' War.
Events
January–March
* January 6 – George Washington marries Martha Dandridge Custis.
* January 11 &nd ...
–
French and Indian War
The French and Indian War (1754–1763) was a theater of the Seven Years' War, which pitted the North American colonies of the British Empire against those of the French, each side being supported by various Native American tribes. At the st ...
: The
Articles of Capitulation of Quebec
The Articles of Capitulation of Quebec were agreed upon between Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Roch de Ramezay, King's Lieutenant, Admiral Sir Charles Saunders, and General George Townshend on behalf of the French and British crowns during the Seven Ye ...
are signed.
*
1793
The French Republic introduced the French Revolutionary Calendar starting with the year I.
Events
January–June
* January 7 – The Ebel riot occurs in Sweden.
* January 9 – Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first to ...
– The first cornerstone of the
United States Capitol
The United States Capitol, often called The Capitol or the Capitol Building, is the Seat of government, seat of the Legislature, legislative branch of the Federal government of the United States, United States federal government, which is form ...
is laid by George Washington.
*
1809
Events
January–March
* January 5 – The Treaty of the Dardanelles, between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Ottoman Empire, is concluded.
* January 10 – Peninsular War – French Marshal Jean ...
– The
Royal Opera House
The Royal Opera House (ROH) is an opera house and major performing arts venue in Covent Garden, central London. The large building is often referred to as simply Covent Garden, after a previous use of the site. It is the home of The Royal ...
in London opens.
*
1810
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Major-General Lachlan Macquarie officially becomes Governor of New South Wales.
* January 4 – Australian seal hunter Frederick Hasselborough discovers Campbell Island, in the Subantarctic.
* Ja ...
–
First Government Junta in Chile. Though supposed to rule only during the
Peninsular War
The Peninsular War (1807–1814) was the military conflict fought in the Iberian Peninsula by Spain, Portugal, and the United Kingdom against the invading and occupying forces of the First French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars. In Spai ...
in Spain, it is in fact the first step towards independence from Spain, and is commemorated as such.
*
1812
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The ''Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch'' (the Austrian civil code) enters into force in the Austrian Empire.
* January 19 – Peninsular War: The French-held fortress of Ciudad Rodrigo is stor ...
–
The 1812 Fire of Moscow dies down after destroying more than three-quarters of the city. Napoleon returns from the
Petrovsky Palace to the Moscow Kremlin, spared from the fire.
*
1837
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The destructive Galilee earthquake causes 6,000–7,000 casualties in Ottoman Syria.
* January 26 – Michigan becomes the 26th state admitted to the United States.
* February – Charles Dickens ...
–
Tiffany & Co. (first named Tiffany & Young) is founded by
Charles Lewis Tiffany
Charles Lewis Tiffany (February 15, 1812 – February 18, 1902) was an American businessman and jeweler who founded New York City's Tiffany & Co. in 1837. Known for his jewelry expertise, Tiffany created the country's first retail catalog and ...
and Teddy Young in New York City. The store is called a "stationery and fancy goods emporium".
*
1838
Events
January–March
* January 10 – A fire destroys Lloyd's Coffee House and the Royal Exchange in London.
* January 11 – At Morristown, New Jersey, Samuel Morse, Alfred Vail and Leonard Gale give the first public demonstration ...
– The Anti-Corn Law League is established by
Richard Cobden
Richard Cobden (3 June 1804 – 2 April 1865) was an English Radical and Liberal politician, manufacturer, and a campaigner for free trade and peace. He was associated with the Anti-Corn Law League and the Cobden–Chevalier Treaty.
As a y ...
.
*
1850
Events
January–June
* April
** Pope Pius IX returns from exile to Rome.
** Stephen Foster's parlor ballad " Ah! May the Red Rose Live Alway" is published in the United States.
* April 4 – Los Angeles is incorporated as a c ...
– The U.S. Congress passes the
Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
The Fugitive Slave Act or Fugitive Slave Law was passed by the United States Congress on September 18, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850 between Southern interests in slavery and Northern
Northern may refer to the following:
Geogra ...
.
*
1851
Events
January–March
* January 11 – Hong Xiuquan officially begins the Taiping Rebellion.
* January 15 – Christian Female College, modern-day Columbia College, receives its charter from the Missouri General Assembly.
...
– First publication of ''The New-York Daily Times'', which later becomes ''
The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid ...
''.
*
1860
Events
January–March
* January 2 – The discovery of a hypothetical planet Vulcan is announced at a meeting of the French Academy of Sciences in Paris, France.
* January 10 – The Pemberton Mill in Lawrence, Massachuset ...
–
Second Opium War:
Battle of Zhangjiawan
Battle of Zhangjiawan () or Battle of Chang-kia-wan was fought by British and French forces against China at the town of Zhangjiawan (to the east of Tongzhou) during the Second Opium War on the morning of 18 September 1860.
Battle
The combi ...
: Now heading towards
Beijing
}
Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...
after having recently occupied
Tianjin
Tianjin (; ; Mandarin: ), alternately romanized as Tientsin (), is a municipality and a coastal metropolis in Northern China on the shore of the Bohai Sea. It is one of the nine national central cities in Mainland China, with a total popu ...
, the allied
Anglo
Anglo is a prefix indicating a relation to, or descent from, the Angles, England, English culture, the English people or the English language, such as in the term ''Anglosphere''. It is often used alone, somewhat loosely, to refer to peop ...
-
French force engages and defeats a larger
Qing Chinese army at
Zhangjiawan.
*
1862
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The United Kingdom annexes Lagos Island, in modern-day Nigeria.
* January 6 – French intervention in Mexico: French, Spanish and British forces arrive in Veracruz, Mexico.
* January ...
– The
Confederate States
The Confederate States of America (CSA), commonly referred to as the Confederate States or the Confederacy was an unrecognized breakaway republic in the Southern United States that existed from February 8, 1861, to May 9, 1865. The Confeder ...
celebrate for the first and only time a
Thanksgiving Day
Thanksgiving is a national holiday celebrated on various dates in the United States, Canada, Grenada, Saint Lucia, Liberia, and unofficially in countries like Brazil and Philippines. It is also observed in the Netherlander town of Leiden ...
.
*
1863
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation during the third year of the American Civil War, making the abolition of slavery in the Confederate states an official war goal. It proclaim ...
–
American Civil War
The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), the latter formed by state ...
: The
Battle of Chickamauga
The Battle of Chickamauga, fought on September 19–20, 1863, between U.S. and Confederate forces in the American Civil War, marked the end of a Union offensive, the Chickamauga Campaign, in southeastern Tennessee and northwestern Georgia. ...
begins between Confederate and Union forces. It involves the second highest amount of casualties for any
American Civil War
The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), the latter formed by state ...
battle apart from
Gettysburg.
[Th]
NPS battle description
by the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission and Kennedy, p. 227, cite September 18–20.
*
1864
Events
January–March
* January 13 – American songwriter Stephen Foster (" Oh! Susanna", " Old Folks at Home") dies aged 37 in New York City, leaving a scrap of paper reading "Dear friends and gentle hearts". His parlor song ...
–
American Civil War
The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), the latter formed by state ...
:
John Bell Hood
John Bell Hood (June 1 or June 29, 1831 – August 30, 1879) was a Confederate general during the American Civil War. Although brave, Hood's impetuosity led to high losses among his troops as he moved up in rank. Bruce Catton wrote that "the de ...
begins the
Franklin–Nashville Campaign
The Franklin–Nashville campaign, also known as Hood's Tennessee campaign, was a series of battles in the Western Theater, conducted from September 18 to December 27, 1864, in Alabama, Tennessee, and northwestern Georgia during the American Civ ...
in an unsuccessful attempt to draw
William Tecumseh Sherman
William Tecumseh Sherman ( ; February 8, 1820February 14, 1891) was an American soldier, businessman, educator, and author. He served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861–1865), achieving recognition for his com ...
back out of
Georgia
Georgia most commonly refers to:
* Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia
* Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States
Georgia may also refer to:
Places
Historical states and entities
* Related to t ...
.
*
1870
Events
January–March
* January 1
** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England.
** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed.
* January 3 – Construction of the B ...
–
Old Faithful Geyser
Old Faithful is a cone geyser in Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming, United States. It was named in 1870 during the Washburn–Langford–Doane Expedition and was the first geyser in the park to be named. It is a highly predictable geotherma ...
is observed and named by
Henry D. Washburn.
*
1872
Events
January–March
* January 12 – Yohannes IV is crowned Emperor of Ethiopia in Axum, the first ruler crowned in that city in over 500 years.
* February 2 – The government of the United Kingdom buys a number of forts o ...
– King
Oscar II
Oscar II (Oscar Fredrik; 21 January 1829 – 8 December 1907) was King of Sweden from 1872 until his death in 1907 and King of Norway from 1872 to 1905.
Oscar was the son of King Oscar I and Queen Josephine. He inherited the Swedish and Norwe ...
accedes to the throne of Sweden–Norway.
*
1873
Events
January–March
* January 1
** Japan adopts the Gregorian calendar.
** The California Penal Code goes into effect.
* January 17 – American Indian Wars: Modoc War: First Battle of the Stronghold – Modoc Indians defeat ...
– The bank
Jay Cooke & Company
Jay Cooke & Company was a U.S. bank that operated from 1861 to 1873. Headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, with branches in New York City and Washington, D.C., the bank helped underwrite the Union Civil War effort. It was the first "wire ...
declares bankruptcy, contributing to the
Panic of 1873
The Panic of 1873 was a financial crisis that triggered an depression (economics), economic depression in Europe and North America that lasted from 1873 to 1877 or 1879 in France and in United Kingdom, Britain. In Britain, the Panic started two ...
.
*
1879
Events January–March
* January 1 – The Specie Resumption Act takes effect. The United States Note is valued the same as gold, for the first time since the American Civil War.
* January 11 – The Anglo-Zulu War begins.
* Janu ...
– The
Blackpool Illuminations
Blackpool Illuminations is an annual lights festival, founded in 1879 and first switched on 18 September that year, held each autumn in the British seaside resort of Blackpool on the Fylde Coast in Lancashire.
Also known locally as The Lights ...
are switched on for the first time.
*
1882 – The
Pacific Stock Exchange
The Pacific Exchange was a regional stock exchange in California, from 1956 to 2006. Its main exchange floor and building were in San Francisco, California, with a branch building in Los Angeles, California.
In 1882, the San Francisco Stock and ...
opens.
*
1895
Events
January–March
* January 5 – Dreyfus affair: French officer Alfred Dreyfus is stripped of his army rank, and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island.
* January 12 – The National Trust for Places of Histor ...
– The
Atlanta Exposition Speech
The Atlanta Exposition Speech was an address on the topic of race relations given by African-American scholar Booker T. Washington on September 18, 1895. The speech, presented before a predominantly white audience at the Cotton States and In ...
on race relations is delivered by
Booker T. Washington
Booker Taliaferro Washington (April 5, 1856November 14, 1915) was an American educator, author, orator, and adviser to several presidents of the United States. Between 1890 and 1915, Washington was the dominant leader in the African-American c ...
.
*
1898
Events
January–March
* January 1 – New York City annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York as the world's second largest. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs: Manhattan, B ...
– The
Fashoda Incident
The Fashoda Incident, also known as the Fashoda Crisis (French: ''Crise de Fachoda''), was an international incident and the climax of imperialist territorial disputes between Britain and France in East Africa, occurring in 1898. A French exp ...
, a territorial dispute between Britain and France, triggers a war scare.
1901–present
*
1906
Events
January–February
* January 12 – Persian Constitutional Revolution: A nationalistic coalition of merchants, religious leaders and intellectuals in Persia forces the shah Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar to grant a constitution, a ...
– The
1906 Hong Kong typhoon
The 1906 Hong Kong typhoon was a tropical cyclone that hit Hong Kong on 18 September 1906. The natural disaster caused property damage exceeding a million pounds sterling, affected international trade, and took the lives of around 15,000 peopl ...
kills an estimated 10,000 people.
*
1914
This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. It also saw the first airline to provide schedule ...
– The
Irish Home Rule Act becomes law, but is delayed until after World War I.
* 1919 –
Fritz Pollard
Frederick Douglass "Fritz" Pollard (January 27, 1894 – May 11, 1986) was an American football player and coach. In 1921, he became the first African-American head coach in the National Football League (NFL). Pollard and Bobby Marshall were th ...
becomes the first African American to play professional football for a major team, the Akron Pros.
*
1922
Events
January
* January 7 – Dáil Éireann, the parliament of the Irish Republic, ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64–57 votes.
* January 10 – Arthur Griffith is elected President of Dáil Éireann, the day after Éamon de Valera ...
– The
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from the Middle Ages into the 20th century. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephe ...
is admitted to the
League of Nations
The League of Nations (french: link=no, Société des Nations ) was the first worldwide Intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by ...
.
*
1927
Events January
* January 1 – The British Broadcasting ''Company'' becomes the British Broadcasting ''Corporation'', when its Royal Charter of incorporation takes effect. John Reith becomes the first Director-General.
* January 7
* ...
– The
Columbia Broadcasting System
CBS Broadcasting Inc., commonly shortened to CBS, the abbreviation of its former legal name Columbia Broadcasting System, is an American commercial broadcast television and radio network serving as the flagship property of the CBS Entertainme ...
goes on the air.
*
1928
Events January
* January – British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith reports the results of Griffith's experiment, indirectly proving the existence of DNA.
* January 1 – Eastern Bloc emigration and defection: Boris Bazhano ...
–
Juan de la Cierva
Juan de la Cierva y Codorníu, 1st Count of la Cierva (; 21 September 1895 in Murcia, Spain – 9 December 1936 in Croydon, United Kingdom) was a Spanish civil engineer, pilot and a self taught aeronautical engineer. His most famous accomplish ...
makes the first autogyro crossing of the English Channel.
*
1931
Events
January
* January 2 – South Dakota native Ernest Lawrence invents the cyclotron, used to accelerate particles to study nuclear physics.
* January 4 – German pilot Elly Beinhorn begins her flight to Africa.
* January 22 – Sir I ...
– Imperial Japan instigates the
Mukden Incident
The Mukden Incident, or Manchurian Incident, known in Chinese as the 9.18 Incident (九・一八), was a false flag event staged by Japanese military personnel as a pretext for the 1931 Japanese invasion of Manchuria.
On September 18, 1931, L ...
as a pretext to
invade and occupy Manchuria.
*
1934
Events
January–February
* January 1 – The International Telecommunication Union, a specialist agency of the League of Nations, is established.
* January 15 – The 8.0 Nepal–Bihar earthquake strikes Nepal and Bihar with a max ...
– The
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
is admitted to the
League of Nations
The League of Nations (french: link=no, Société des Nations ) was the first worldwide Intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by ...
.
*
1939
This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history.
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 1
** Third Reich
*** Jews are forbidde ...
–
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
: The Polish government of
Ignacy Mościcki
Ignacy Mościcki (; 1 December 18672 October 1946) was a Polish chemist and politician who was the country's president from 1926 to 1939. He was the longest serving president in Polish history. Mościcki was the President of Poland when Germany ...
flees to Romania.
* 1939 – World War II: The radio show ''
Germany Calling
''Germany Calling'' was an English language propaganda radio programme, broadcast by Nazi German radio to audiences in the British Isles and North America during the Second World War. Every broadcast began with the station announcement: "Germany ...
'' begins transmitting Nazi propaganda.
*
1940
A calendar from 1940 according to the Gregorian calendar, factoring in the dates of Easter and related holidays, cannot be used again until the year 5280.
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
*January ...
– World War II: The British liner is sunk by
German submarine U-48; those killed include 77 child refugees.
*
1943
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured.
* January 4 – ...
– World War II: Adolf Hitler orders the deportation of
Danish Jews
The history of the Jews in Denmark goes back to the 1600s. At present, the Jewish community of Denmark constitutes a small minority of about 6,000 persons within Danish society. The community's population peaked prior to the Holocaust at whi ...
.
*
1944
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 2 – WWII:
** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in No ...
– World War II: The British submarine torpedoes ''
Jun'yō Maru
was a cargo steamship that was built in Scotland in 1913, served a succession of British owners until 1927, and was then in Japanese ownership until a Royal Navy submarine sank her in 1944.
The ship was built as ''Ardgorm'' for a Scottish tra ...
'', killing 5,600, mostly slave labourers and POWs.
*
1944
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 2 – WWII:
** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in No ...
– World War II: The
Battle of Arracourt
The Battle of Arracourt took place between U.S. and German armoured forces near the town of Arracourt, Lorraine, France between 18 and 29 September 1944, during the Lorraine Campaign of World War II. As part of a counteroffensive against rec ...
begins.
*
1945
1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which nuclear weapons have been used in combat.
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
Januar ...
– General
Douglas MacArthur moves his general headquarters from Manila to Tokyo.
*
1947
It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Events
January
* January– February – Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom: The worst snowfall in the count ...
– The
National Security Act reorganizes the United States government's military and intelligence services.
*
1948
Events January
* January 1
** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated.
** The Constitution of New Jersey (later subject to amendment) goes into effect.
** The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British ...
–
Operation Polo
Operation Polo was the code name of the Hyderabad " police action" in September 1948, by the then newly independent Dominion of India against Hyderabad State. It was a military operation in which the Indian Armed Forces invaded the Nizam-rule ...
is terminated after the Indian Army accepts the surrender of the army of Hyderabad.
* 1948 –
Margaret Chase Smith
Margaret Madeline Smith (née Chase; December 14, 1897 – May 29, 1995) was an American politician. A member of the Republican Party, she served as a U.S. representative (1940–1949) and a U.S. senator (1949–1973) from Maine. She was the firs ...
of Maine becomes the first woman elected to the United States Senate without completing another senator's term.
*
1954 – Finnish president
J. K. Paasikivi
Juho Kusti Paasikivi (; 27 November 1870 – 14 December 1956) was the seventh president of Finland (1946–1956). Representing the Finnish Party until its dissolution in 1918 and then the National Coalition Party, he also served as Prime Minister ...
becomes the first Western head of state to be awarded the highest honor of the
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
, the
Order of Lenin
The Order of Lenin (russian: Орден Ленина, Orden Lenina, ), named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was established by the Central Executive Committee on April 6, 1930. The order was the highest civilian decoration ...
.
*
1960
It is also known as the " Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism.
Events
January
* J ...
–
Fidel Castro
Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (; ; 13 August 1926 – 25 November 2016) was a Cuban revolutionary and politician who was the leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008, serving as the prime minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976 and president from 1976 to 2 ...
arrives in New York City as the head of the Cuban delegation to the United Nations.
*
1961
Events January
* January 3
** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba (Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015).
** Aero Flight 311 ...
– U.N. Secretary-General
Dag Hammarskjöld
Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld ( , ; 29 July 1905 – 18 September 1961) was a Swedish economist and diplomat who served as the second Secretary-General of the United Nations from April 1953 until his death in a plane crash in September 196 ...
dies in an
air crash while attempting to negotiate peace in the Katanga region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
*
1962
Events January
* January 1 – Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand.
* January 3 – Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro for preaching communism.
* January 8 – Harmelen train disaster: 93 die in the wo ...
–
Burundi
Burundi (, ), officially the Republic of Burundi ( rn, Repuburika y’Uburundi ; Swahili: ''Jamuhuri ya Burundi''; French: ''République du Burundi'' ), is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley at the junction between the African Gr ...
,
Jamaica
Jamaica (; ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean (after Cuba and Hispaniola). Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, and west of Hispan ...
,
Rwanda and
Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago (, ), officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, is the southernmost island country in the Caribbean. Consisting of the main islands Trinidad and Tobago, and numerous much List of islands of Trinidad and Tobago, small ...
are admitted to the United Nations.
*
1973
Events January
* January 1 - The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark 1973 enlargement of the European Communities, enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union.
* January 15 – Vietnam War: ...
–
The Bahamas
The Bahamas (), officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an island country within the Lucayan Archipelago of the West Indies in the North Atlantic. It takes up 97% of the Lucayan Archipelago's land area and is home to 88% of the arc ...
,
East Germany
East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...
and
West Germany
West Germany is the colloquial term used to indicate the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; german: Bundesrepublik Deutschland , BRD) between its formation on 23 May 1949 and the German reunification through the accession of East Germany on 3 O ...
are admitted to the United Nations.
*
1974
Major events in 1974 include the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis and the resignation of President of the United States, United States President Richard Nixon following the Watergate scandal. In the Middle East, the aftermath of the 1973 Yom K ...
–
Hurricane Fifi
A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Dep ...
strikes Honduras with 110 mph winds, killing 5,000 people.
*
1977
Events January
* January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group.
* January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democrati ...
–
Voyager I
''Voyager 1'' is a space probe launched by NASA on September 5, 1977, as part of the Voyager program to study the outer Solar System and interstellar space beyond the Sun's heliosphere. Launched 16 days after its twin ''Voyager 2'', ''Voyag ...
takes the first distant photograph of the Earth and the Moon together.
*
1980
Events January
* January 4 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter proclaims a United States grain embargo against the Soviet Union, grain embargo against the USSR with the support of the European Commission.
* January 6 – Global Positioning Syst ...
–
Soyuz 38
Soyuz 38 was a human spaceflight mission conducted by the Soviet Union during September, 1980. The Soyuz spacecraft brought two visiting crew members to the Salyut 6 space station, one of whom was an Intercosmos cosmonaut from Cuba.
Crew
Back ...
carries two cosmonauts (including one Cuban) to the Salyut 6 space station.
*
1981
Events January
* January 1
** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union.
** Palau becomes a self-governing territory.
* January 10 – Salvadoran Civil War: The FMLN launches its first major off ...
– The ''Assemblée Nationale'' votes to abolish
capital punishment in France
Capital punishment in France (french: peine de mort en France) is banned by Article 66-1 of the Constitution of the French Republic, voted as a constitutional amendment by the Congress of the French Parliament on 19 February 2007 and simply stati ...
.
*
1982
Events January
* January 1 – In Malaysia and Singapore, clocks are adjusted to the same time zone, UTC+8 (GMT+8.00).
* January 13 – Air Florida Flight 90 crashes shortly after takeoff into the 14th Street Bridge in Washington, D.C., Un ...
– The
Sabra and Shatila massacre
The Sabra and Shatila massacre (also known as the Sabra and Chatila massacre) was the killing of between 460 and 3,500 civilians, mostly Palestinians and Lebanese Shiites, by the militia of the Lebanese Forces, a Maronite Christian Lebanese ...
in Lebanon comes to an end.
*
1984
Events
January
* January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888.
* January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeast As ...
– Joe Kittinger completes the first solo balloon crossing of the Atlantic.
*1988 – The 8888 Uprising in Myanmar comes to an end.
* 1988 – General Henri Namphy, president of Haiti, is ousted from power in a September 1988 Haitian coup d'état, coup d'état led by General Prosper Avril.
*1990 – Liechtenstein becomes a member of the United Nations.
*1992 – An explosion rocks Giant Mine at the height of a labor dispute, killing nine replacement workers in Yellowknife, Canada.
*1997 – United States media magnate Ted Turner donates US$1 billion to the United Nations.
* 1997 – The Ottawa Treaty, Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention is adopted.
*2001 – First mailing of anthrax letters from Trenton, New Jersey in the 2001 anthrax attacks.
*2007 – Buddhist monks join anti-government protesters in Myanmar, starting what some call the Saffron Revolution.
*2011 – The 2011 Sikkim earthquake is felt across northeastern India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and southern Tibet.
*2012 – Greater Manchester Police officers PC Nicola Hughes and PC Fiona Bone Murders of Nicola Hughes and Fiona Bone, are murdered in a gun and grenade ambush attack in Greater Manchester, England.
*2014 – Scotland 2014 Scottish independence referendum, votes against independence from the United Kingdom, by 55% to 45%.
*2015 – Two security personnel, 17 worshippers in a mosque, and 13 militants are killed during a Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan 2015 Camp Badaber attack, attack on a Pakistan Air Force base on the outskirts of Peshawar.
*2016 – The 2016 Uri attack in Jammu and Kashmir (state), Jammu and Kashmir, India by terrorist group Jaish-e-Mohammed results in the deaths of nineteen Indian Army soldiers and all four attackers.
*2021 – A ferry capsizes in Guizhou province, China due to bad weather, killing ten people and five missing.
Births
Pre-1600
*AD 53 – Trajan, Roman emperor (d. 117)
* 524 – Kan B'alam I, ruler of Palenque (d. 583)
*1091 – Andronikos Komnenos (son of Alexios I), Andronikos Komnenos, Byzantine prince and general (d. 1130/31)
*1344 – Marie of France, Duchess of Bar (d. 1404)
*1434 – Eleanor of Portugal, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1467)
*1501 – Henry Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford (d. 1563)
*1554 – Haydar Mirza Safavi, Safavid prince (d. 1576)
*1587 – Francesca Caccini, Italian singer-songwriter and lute player (d. 1640)
1601–1900
*1606 – Zhang Xianzhong, Chinese rebel leader (d. 1647)
*1643 – Gilbert Burnet, Scottish bishop, historian, and theologian (d. 1715)
*1676 – Eberhard Louis, Duke of Württemberg (d. 1733)
*1684 – Johann Gottfried Walther, German organist and composer (d. 1748)
*1709 – Samuel Johnson, English lexicographer and poet (d. 1784)
*1711 – Ignaz Holzbauer, Austrian composer and educator (d. 1783)
*1733 – George Read (U.S. statesman), George Read, American lawyer and politician, 3rd List of Governors of Delaware, Governor of Delaware (d. 1798)
*1750 – Tomás de Iriarte y Oropesa, Spanish poet and playwright (d. 1791)
*1752 – Adrien-Marie Legendre, French mathematician and theorist (d. 1833)
*1765 – Pope Gregory XVI (d. 1846)
*1779 – Joseph Story, American lawyer, jurist, and politician (d. 1845)
*1786 – Christian VIII of Denmark (d. 1848)
* 1786 – Justinus Kerner, German poet and author (d. 1862)
*
1812
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The ''Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch'' (the Austrian civil code) enters into force in the Austrian Empire.
* January 19 – Peninsular War: The French-held fortress of Ciudad Rodrigo is stor ...
– Herschel Vespasian Johnson, American lawyer and politician, 41st Governor of Georgia (d. 1880)
*1819 – Léon Foucault, French physicist and academic (d. 1868)
*
1837
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The destructive Galilee earthquake causes 6,000–7,000 casualties in Ottoman Syria.
* January 26 – Michigan becomes the 26th state admitted to the United States.
* February – Charles Dickens ...
– Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos, Portuguese archbishop (d. 1880)
*
1838
Events
January–March
* January 10 – A fire destroys Lloyd's Coffee House and the Royal Exchange in London.
* January 11 – At Morristown, New Jersey, Samuel Morse, Alfred Vail and Leonard Gale give the first public demonstration ...
– Anton Mauve, Dutch painter and educator (d. 1888)
*1846 – Richard With, Norwegian captain, businessman, and politician, founded Vesteraalens Dampskibsselskab (d. 1930)
*1848 – Francis Grierson, English-American pianist and composer (d. 1927)
*1857 – John Hessin Clarke, American lawyer and judge (d. 1945)
*1858 – Kate Booth, English Salvation Army officer (d. 1955)
*1859 – John L. Bates, American lawyer and politician, 41st Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1946)
* 1859 – Lincoln Loy McCandless, American businessman and politician (d. 1940)
*
1860
Events
January–March
* January 2 – The discovery of a hypothetical planet Vulcan is announced at a meeting of the French Academy of Sciences in Paris, France.
* January 10 – The Pemberton Mill in Lawrence, Massachuset ...
– Alberto Franchetti, Italian-American composer and educator (d. 1942)
*
1870
Events
January–March
* January 1
** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England.
** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed.
* January 3 – Construction of the B ...
– Clark Wissler, American anthropologist, author, and educator (d. 1947)
*
1872
Events
January–March
* January 12 – Yohannes IV is crowned Emperor of Ethiopia in Axum, the first ruler crowned in that city in over 500 years.
* February 2 – The government of the United Kingdom buys a number of forts o ...
– Carl Friedberg, German-Italian pianist and educator (d. 1955)
* 1872 – Adolf Schmal, Austrian fencer and cyclist (d. 1919)
*1875 – Tomás Burgos, Chilean philanthropist (d. 1945)
*1876 – James Scullin, Australian journalist and politician, 9th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1953)
*1878 – James O. Richardson, American admiral (d. 1974)
*1883 – Gerald Tyrwhitt-Wilson, 14th Baron Berners, English composer, painter, and author (d. 1950)
*1885 – Uzeyir Hajibeyov, Azerbaijani composer, conductor, and playwright (d. 1948)
*1888 – Grey Owl, English-Canadian environmentalist and author (d. 1938)
* 1888 – Toni Wolff, Swiss psychologist and author (d. 1953)
*1889 – Doris Blackburn, Australian activist and politician (d. 1970)
* 1889 – Leslie Morshead, Australian general, businessman, and educator (d. 1959)
*1891 – Rafael Pérez y Pérez, Spanish author (d. 1984)
*1893 – Arthur Benjamin, Australian pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1960)
* 1893 – William March, American soldier and author (d. 1954)
*1894 – Fay Compton, English actress (d. 1978)
*
1895
Events
January–March
* January 5 – Dreyfus affair: French officer Alfred Dreyfus is stripped of his army rank, and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island.
* January 12 – The National Trust for Places of Histor ...
– Jean Batmale, French footballer and manager (d. 1973)
* 1895 – John Diefenbaker, Canadian lawyer and politician, 13th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1979)
* 1895 – Walter Koch (astrologer), Walter Koch, German astrologer and author (d. 1970)
* 1895 – Tomoji Tanabe, Japanese super-centenarian (d. 2009)
*1897 – Pablo Sorozábal, Spanish composer and conductor (d. 1988)
*1900 – Willis Laurence James, American violinist and educator (d. 1966)
* 1900 – Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, Mauritian philanthropist and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Mauritius (d. 1985)
1901–present
*1901 – Harold Clurman, American director and producer (d. 1980)
*1904 – Bun Cook, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1988)
* 1904 – Jose de Rivera, American soldier and sculptor (d. 1985)
* 1904 – David Eccles, 1st Viscount Eccles, English businessman and politician, Secretary of State for Education (d. 1999)
*1905 – Eddie "Rochester" Anderson, American actor (d. 1977)
* 1905 – Agnes de Mille, American dancer and choreographer (d. 1993)
* 1905 – Greta Garbo, Swedish-American actress (d. 1990)
*
1906
Events
January–February
* January 12 – Persian Constitutional Revolution: A nationalistic coalition of merchants, religious leaders and intellectuals in Persia forces the shah Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar to grant a constitution, a ...
– Kaka Hathrasi, Indian poet and author (d. 1995)
* 1906 – Maurice Maillot, French actor (d. 1968)
* 1906 – Julio Rosales, Filipino cardinal (d. 1983)
*1907 – Leon Askin, Austrian actor (d. 2005)
* 1907 – Edwin McMillan, American physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
*1908 – Victor Ambartsumian, Georgian-Armenian astrophysicist, astronomer, and academic (d. 1996)
*1910 – Josef Tal, Israeli pianist and composer (d. 2008)
*1911 – Syd Howe, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1976)
*1912 – María de la Cruz, Chilean journalist and activist (d. 1995)
*
1914
This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. It also saw the first airline to provide schedule ...
– Jack Cardiff, English director, cinematographer, and photographer (d. 2009)
*1916 – Rossano Brazzi, Italian actor (d. 1994)
* 1916 – John Jacob Rhodes, American lawyer and politician (d. 2003)
*1917 – June Foray, American actress and voice artist (d. 2017)
* 1917 – Phil Taylor (footballer, born 1917), Phil Taylor, English footballer and manager (d. 2012)
* 1917 – Francis Parker Yockey, American lawyer and philosopher (d. 1960)
*1918 – Johnny Mantz, American race car driver (d. 1972)
*1919 – Tommy Hunter (fiddler), Tommy Hunter, American fiddler (d. 1993)
*1920 – Jack Warden, American actor (d. 2006)
*
1922
Events
January
* January 7 – Dáil Éireann, the parliament of the Irish Republic, ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64–57 votes.
* January 10 – Arthur Griffith is elected President of Dáil Éireann, the day after Éamon de Valera ...
– Hank Bagby, American saxophonist (d. 1993)
* 1922 – Grayson Hall, American actress (d. 1985)
* 1922 – Ray Steadman-Allen, English composer (d. 2014)
*1923 – Queen Anne of Romania (d. 2016)
* 1923 – Peter Smithson, English architect, co-designed Robin Hood Gardens (d. 2003)
* 1923 – Bertha Wilson, Scottish-Canadian lawyer and jurist, 60th List of Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada, Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada (d. 2007)
*1924 – J. D. Tippit, American police officer (d. 1963)
* 1924 – Eloísa Mafalda, Brazilian actress (d. 2018)
*1925 – Harvey Haddix, American baseball player and coach (d. 1994)
* 1925 – Dorothy Wedderburn, English economist and academic (d. 2012)
*1926 – Bud Greenspan, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2010)
* 1926 – Joe Kubert, American author and illustrator, founded The Kubert School (d. 2012)
*
1927
Events January
* January 1 – The British Broadcasting ''Company'' becomes the British Broadcasting ''Corporation'', when its Royal Charter of incorporation takes effect. John Reith becomes the first Director-General.
* January 7
* ...
– Phyllis Kirk, American actress (d. 2006)
* 1927 – Muriel Turner, Baroness Turner of Camden, English politician (d. 2018)
*1929 – Teddi King, American singer (d. 1977)
* 1929 – Nancy Littlefield, American director and producer (d. 2007)
*1930 – John Tolos, Greek-Canadian wrestler (d. 2009)
*
1931
Events
January
* January 2 – South Dakota native Ernest Lawrence invents the cyclotron, used to accelerate particles to study nuclear physics.
* January 4 – German pilot Elly Beinhorn begins her flight to Africa.
* January 22 – Sir I ...
– Julio Grondona, Argentinian businessman (d. 2014)
*1932 – Nikolay Rukavishnikov, Russian physicist and astronaut (d. 2002)
*1933 – Bob Bennett (politician), Bob Bennett, American soldier and politician (d. 2016)
* 1933 – Robert Blake (actor), Robert Blake, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
* 1933 – Scotty Bowman, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
* 1933 – Mark di Suvero, Italian-American sculptor
* 1933 – Leonid Kharitonov (singer), Leonid Kharitonov, Russian actor and singer (d. 2017)
* 1933 – Christopher Ricks, English scholar and critic
* 1933 – Charles Roach, Trinidadian-Canadian lawyer and activist (d. 2012)
* 1933 – Jimmie Rodgers (pop singer), Jimmie Rodgers, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2021)
* 1933 – Fred Willard, American actor and comedian (d. 2020)
*1935 – Peter Clarke (cartoonist), Peter Clarke, English cartoonist (d. 2012)
* 1935 – John Spencer (snooker player), John Spencer, English snooker player and sportscaster (d. 2006)
*1936 – Big Tom, Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2018)
*1937 – Ralph Backstrom, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2021)
* 1937 – Ivy Matsepe-Casaburri, South African politician (d. 2009)
*1938 – Billy Robinson, English-American wrestler and trainer (d. 2014)
*
1939
This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history.
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 1
** Third Reich
*** Jews are forbidde ...
– Gerry Harvey, Australian businessman, co-founded Harvey Norman
* 1939 – Jorge Sampaio, Portuguese lawyer and politician, 18th President of Portugal (d. 2021)
* 1939 – Jan Camiel Willems, Belgian mathematician and theorist (d. 2013)
*
1940
A calendar from 1940 according to the Gregorian calendar, factoring in the dates of Easter and related holidays, cannot be used again until the year 5280.
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
*January ...
– Frankie Avalon, American singer and actor
*1942 – Şenes Erzik, Turkish businessman
*
1944
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 2 – WWII:
** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in No ...
– Michael Franks (musician), Michael Franks, American singer-songwriter
* 1944 – Rocío Jurado, Spanish singer and actress (d. 2006)
* 1944 – Charles L. Veach, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut (d. 1995)
*
1945
1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which nuclear weapons have been used in combat.
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
Januar ...
– P. F. Sloan, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2015)
* 1945 – John McAfee, British-American computer programmer and businessman, founded McAfee (d. 2021)
*1946 – Benjamín Brea, Spanish-Venezuelan saxophonist, clarinet player, and conductor (d. 2014)
* 1946 – Nicholas Clay, English actor (d. 2000)
* 1946 – Kelvin Coe, Australian ballet dancer (d. 1992)
* 1946 – Meredith Oakes, Australian-English playwright, translator, and educator
* 1946 – Gailard Sartain, American actor
*
1947
It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Events
January
* January– February – Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom: The worst snowfall in the count ...
– Russ Abbot, English comedian, actor, and singer
* 1947 – Drew Gilpin Faust, American historian and academic
* 1947 – Giancarlo Minardi, Italian businessman, founded the Minardi, Minardi Racing Team
*
1948
Events January
* January 1
** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated.
** The Constitution of New Jersey (later subject to amendment) goes into effect.
** The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British ...
– Lynn Abbey, American computer programmer and author
*1949 – Kerry Livgren, American guitarist and songwriter
* 1949 – Jim McCrery, American lawyer and politician
* 1949 – Mo Mowlam, English academic and politician, Minister for the Cabinet Office (d. 2005)
* 1949 – Peter Shilton, English footballer and manager
*1950 – Siobhan Davies, English dancer and choreographer
* 1950 – Vishnuvardhan (actor), Vishnuvardhan, Indian actor (d. 2009)
* 1950 – Chris Heister, Swedish politician, Governor of Stockholm County
* 1950 – Darryl Sittler, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1950 – Anna Deavere Smith, American actress and playwright
*1951 – Ben Carson, American neurosurgeon, author, and politician
* 1951 – Dee Dee Ramone, American singer-songwriter and bass player (d. 2002)
* 1951 – Tony Scott (baseball), Tony Scott, American baseball player and coach
* 1951 – Darryl Stingley, American football player and scout (d. 2007)
* 1951 – Marc Surer, Swiss racing driver and sportscaster
*1952 – Giorgos Dimitrakopoulos, Greek politician
* 1952 – Rick Pitino, American basketball player and coach
*1953 – Carl Jackson, American singer-songwriter and producer
* 1953 – John McGlinn, American conductor and historian (d. 2009)
*
1954 – Murtaza Bhutto, Pakistani politician (d. 1996)
* 1954 – Takao Doi, Japanese engineer and astronaut
* 1954 – Dennis Johnson, American basketball player and coach (d. 2007)
* 1954 – Steven Pinker, Canadian-American psychologist, linguist, and author
* 1954 – Tommy Tuberville, American football player and coach
*1955 – Paul Butler (bishop), Paul Butler, English bishop
* 1955 – Keith Morris, American singer-songwriter
*1956 – Chris Hedges, American journalist and author
* 1956 – Peter Šťastný, Slovak ice hockey player and politician
* 1956 – Anant Gadgil, Indian politician
*1958 – John Aldridge, English-Irish footballer and manager
* 1958 – Winston Davis, Vincentian cricketer
* 1958 – Malcolm Press, English ecologist and academic
* 1958 – Derek Pringle, Kenyan-English cricketer and journalist
*1959 – Ian Arkwright, English footballer
* 1959 – Mark Romanek, American director and screenwriter
* 1959 – Ryne Sandberg, American baseball player, coach, and manager
*
1960
It is also known as the " Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism.
Events
January
* J ...
– Stephen Flaherty, American composer
* 1960 – Carolyn Harris (politician), Carolyn Harris, British politician
* 1960 – Ian Lucas, English lawyer and politician
* 1960 – Blue Panther, Mexican wrestler
*
1961
Events January
* January 3
** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba (Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015).
** Aero Flight 311 ...
– James Gandolfini, American actor and producer (d. 2013)
* 1961 – Konstantin Kakanias, Greek-American painter and illustrator
* 1961 – Mark Olson (musician), Mark Olson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
*
1962
Events January
* January 1 – Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand.
* January 3 – Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro for preaching communism.
* January 8 – Harmelen train disaster: 93 die in the wo ...
– Joanne Catherall, English singer
* 1962 – John Fashanu, English footballer and manager
* 1962 – John Mann (musician), John Mann, Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (d. 2019)
* 1962 – Aden Ridgeway, Australian public servant and politician
* 1962 – Boris Said, American race car driver
*1963 – Jim Pocklington, English racing driver
* 1963 – John Powell (composer), John Powell, English-Canadian composer and conductor
* 1963 – Dan Povenmire, American animator
*1964 – Jens Henschel, German footballer
* 1964 – Marco Masini, Italian singer-songwriter
* 1964 – Holly Robinson Peete, American actress and singer
*1966 – Tom Chorske, American ice hockey player and sportscaster
*1967 – Tara Fitzgerald, English actress
*1968 – Toni Kukoč, Croatian basketball player
* 1968 – Upendra Rao, Indian actor, director, and politician
*1969 – Brad Beven, Australian triathlete
* 1969 – Cappadonna, American rapper
*1970 – Mike Compton (American football), Mike Compton, American football player and coach
* 1970 – Dan Eldon, English photographer and journalist (d. 1993)
* 1970 – Darren Gough, English cricketer
* 1970 – Aisha Tyler, American actress, television host, and author
*1971 – Lance Armstrong, American cyclist
* 1971 – Anna Netrebko, Russian-Austrian soprano and actress
* 1971 – Jada Pinkett Smith, American actress
*1972 – Brigitte Becue, Belgian swimmer
* 1972 – Adam Cohen (musician), Adam Cohen, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1972 – David Jefferies, English motorcycle racer (d. 2003)
* 1972 – Iain Stewart (politician), Iain Stewart, Scottish accountant and politician
*
1973
Events January
* January 1 - The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark 1973 enlargement of the European Communities, enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union.
* January 15 – Vietnam War: ...
– Paul Brousseau, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1973 – Mário Jardel, Brazilian footballer
* 1973 – James Marsden, American actor
* 1973 – Ami Onuki, Japanese singer and voice actress
* 1973 – Louise Sauvage, Australian wheelchair racer
* 1973 – Mark Shuttleworth, South African-English businessman
* 1973 – Aitor Karanka, Spanish footballer and manager
*
1974
Major events in 1974 include the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis and the resignation of President of the United States, United States President Richard Nixon following the Watergate scandal. In the Middle East, the aftermath of the 1973 Yom K ...
– Sol Campbell, English footballer and politician
* 1974 – Damon Jones (American football), Damon Jones, American football player and coach
* 1974 – Ticha Penicheiro, Portuguese basketball player
* 1974 – Xzibit, American rapper, actor, and television host
*1975 – Kanstantsin Lukashyk, Belarusian target shooter
* 1975 – Jason Sudeikis, American actor and comedian
* 1975 – Guillermo Vargas, Costa Rican photographer and painter
*1976 – Gabriel Gervais, Canadian soccer player
* 1976 – Ronaldo (Brazilian footballer), Ronaldo, Brazilian footballer
*
1977
Events January
* January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group.
* January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democrati ...
– Kieran West, English rower
*1978 – Iain Lees-Galloway, New Zealand politician
* 1978 – Augustine Simo, Cameroonian footballer
*1979 – Daniel Aranzubia, Spanish footballer
* 1979 – Robert Lynn Pruett, Robert Pruett, American criminal (d. 2017)
*
1980
Events January
* January 4 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter proclaims a United States grain embargo against the Soviet Union, grain embargo against the USSR with the support of the European Commission.
* January 6 – Global Positioning Syst ...
– Mickey Higham, English rugby league player
* 1980 – Avi Strool, Israeli footballer
* 1980 – Petri Virtanen, Finnish basketball player
*
1981
Events January
* January 1
** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union.
** Palau becomes a self-governing territory.
* January 10 – Salvadoran Civil War: The FMLN launches its first major off ...
– Jennifer Tisdale, American actress and singer
* 1981 – Kristaps Valters, Latvian basketball player
* 1981 – Han Ye-seul, South Korean actress
*
1982
Events January
* January 1 – In Malaysia and Singapore, clocks are adjusted to the same time zone, UTC+8 (GMT+8.00).
* January 13 – Air Florida Flight 90 crashes shortly after takeoff into the 14th Street Bridge in Washington, D.C., Un ...
– Alessandro Cibocchi, Italian footballer
* 1982 – Arvydas Eitutavičius, Lithuanian basketball player
* 1982 – Leono, Mexican wrestler
* 1982 – Alfredo Talavera, Mexican footballer
*
1984
Events
January
* January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888.
* January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeast As ...
– Anthony Gonzalez (politician), Anthony Gonzalez, American football player and politician
* 1984 – Dizzee Rascal, British hip hop musician
*1987 – Seiko Oomori, Japanese singer-songwriter
*1989 – Serge Ibaka, Congolese-Spanish basketball player
*1990 – Lewis Holtby, German footballer
*1998 – Christian Pulisic, American soccer player
*2003 – Ana Galindo (gymnast), Ana Galindo, Mexican rhythmic gymnast
Deaths
Pre-1600
*
96 –
Domitian
Domitian (; la, Domitianus; 24 October 51 – 18 September 96) was a Roman emperor who reigned from 81 to 96. The son of Vespasian and the younger brother of Titus, his two predecessors on the throne, he was the last member of the Flavi ...
, Roman emperor (b. AD 51)
*AD 411, 411 – Constantine III (Western Roman Emperor), Constantine III, Roman usurper
* 869 – Wenilo (archbishop of Rouen), Wenilo, Frankish archbishop
* 887 – Pietro I Candiano, doge of Venice (b. 842)
* 893 – Zhang Xiong, Chinese warlord
* 958 – Liu Sheng (Southern Han), Liu Sheng, Chinese emperor (b. 920)
*1137 – Eric II of Denmark, Eric II, king of Denmark
*
1180
Year 1180 ( MCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* September 24 – Emperor Manuel I (Komnenos) dies after a 37-year reign at ...
– Louis VII of France, Louis VII, king of France (b. 1120)
*1261 – Konrad von Hochstaden, archbishop of Cologne
*1302 – Eudokia Palaiologina, empress of Trebizond (b. c. 1265)
*1345 – Andrew, Duke of Calabria (b. 1327)
*1361 – Louis V, Duke of Bavaria, Louis V, duke of Bavaria (b. 1315)
*1385 – Balša II, ruler of Zeta
*1443 – Lewis of Luxembourg, archbishop of Rouen
*1598 – Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Japanese daimyō (b. 1536)
1601–1900
*1630 – Melchior Klesl, Austrian cardinal (b. 1552)
*1675 – Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1604)
*1721 – Matthew Prior, English poet, politician, and diplomat, List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to France, British Ambassador to France (b. 1664)
*1722 – André Dacier, French scholar and academic (b. 1651)
*1783 – Leonhard Euler, Swiss mathematician and physicist (b. 1707)
* 1783 – Benjamin Kennicott, English theologian and scholar (b. 1718)
*1792 – August Gottlieb Spangenberg, German bishop and theologian (b. 1704)
*
1812
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The ''Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch'' (the Austrian civil code) enters into force in the Austrian Empire.
* January 19 – Peninsular War: The French-held fortress of Ciudad Rodrigo is stor ...
– Safranbolulu Izzet Mehmet Pasha, Ottoman politician, 186th List of Ottoman Grand Viziers, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1743)
*1830 – William Hazlitt, English philosopher, painter, and critic (b. 1778)
*1857 – Karol Kurpiński, Polish composer and conductor (b. 1785)
*
1860
Events
January–March
* January 2 – The discovery of a hypothetical planet Vulcan is announced at a meeting of the French Academy of Sciences in Paris, France.
* January 10 – The Pemberton Mill in Lawrence, Massachuset ...
– Joseph Locke, English engineer and politician (b. 1805)
*
1862
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The United Kingdom annexes Lagos Island, in modern-day Nigeria.
* January 6 – French intervention in Mexico: French, Spanish and British forces arrive in Veracruz, Mexico.
* January ...
– Joseph K. Mansfield, American general (b. 1803)
*
1872
Events
January–March
* January 12 – Yohannes IV is crowned Emperor of Ethiopia in Axum, the first ruler crowned in that city in over 500 years.
* February 2 – The government of the United Kingdom buys a number of forts o ...
– Charles XV of Sweden (b. 1826)
*1890 – Dion Boucicault, Irish-American actor and playwright (b. 1820)
*1896 – Hippolyte Fizeau, French physicist and academic (b. 1819)
1901–present
*1905 – George MacDonald, Scottish minister, author, and poet (b. 1824)
*1909 – Grigore Tocilescu, Romanian archaeologist and historian (b. 1850)
*1911 – Pyotr Stolypin, Russian lawyer and politician, 3rd List of heads of government of Russia, Prime Minister of Russia (b. 1862)
*1915 – Susan La Flesche Picotte, doctor, teacher, and social reformer, first Native Americans in the United States, Native American to earn a medical degree
*1924 – F. H. Bradley, English philosopher and author (b. 1846)
*
1939
This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history.
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 1
** Third Reich
*** Jews are forbidde ...
– Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz, Polish author, painter, and photographer (b. 1885)
*1941 – Fred Karno, English actor and screenwriter (b. 1866)
*
1944
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 2 – WWII:
** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in No ...
– Robert G. Cole, American colonel, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1915)
*1949 – Frank Morgan, American actor (b. 1890)
*1951 – Gelett Burgess, American author and poet (b. 1866)
*1952 – Frances Alda, New Zealand-Australian soprano and actress (b. 1879)
*1953 – Charles de Tornaco, Belgian racing driver (b. 1927)
*1956 – Adélard Godbout, Canadian agronomist and politician, 15th List of Quebec premiers, Premier of Quebec (b. 1892)
*1958 – Olaf Gulbransson, Norwegian painter and illustrator (b. 1873)
*1959 – Benjamin Péret, French poet and journalist (b. 1899)
*
1961
Events January
* January 3
** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba (Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015).
** Aero Flight 311 ...
–
Dag Hammarskjöld
Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld ( , ; 29 July 1905 – 18 September 1961) was a Swedish economist and diplomat who served as the second Secretary-General of the United Nations from April 1953 until his death in a plane crash in September 196 ...
, Swedish economist and diplomat, 2nd Secretary-General of the United Nations, Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905)
*
1962
Events January
* January 1 – Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand.
* January 3 – Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro for preaching communism.
* January 8 – Harmelen train disaster: 93 die in the wo ...
– Therese Neumann, German mystic (b. 1898)
*1964 – Seán O'Casey, Irish dramatist and memoirist (b. 1880)
*1967 – John Cockcroft, English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897)
*1968 – Franchot Tone, American actor, singer, and producer (b. 1905)
*1970 – Jimi Hendrix, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1942)
*
1974
Major events in 1974 include the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis and the resignation of President of the United States, United States President Richard Nixon following the Watergate scandal. In the Middle East, the aftermath of the 1973 Yom K ...
– Amanat Ali Khan, Pakistani classical singer (b. 1922)
*1975 – Fairfield Porter, American painter and critic (b. 1907)
*
1977
Events January
* January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group.
* January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democrati ...
– Paul Bernays, English-Swiss mathematician and philosopher (b. 1888)
*
1980
Events January
* January 4 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter proclaims a United States grain embargo against the Soviet Union, grain embargo against the USSR with the support of the European Commission.
* January 6 – Global Positioning Syst ...
– Katherine Anne Porter, American short story writer, novelist, and essayist (b. 1890)
*1987 – Américo Tomás, Portuguese admiral and politician, 14th President of Portugal (b. 1894)
*1988 – Alan Watt (diplomat), Alan Watt, Australian public servant and diplomat, List of Australian Ambassadors to Japan, Australian Ambassador to Japan (b. 1901)
*1992 – Mohammad Hidayatullah, Indian lawyer, judge, and politician, 6th Vice President of India (b. 1905)
*1997 – Jimmy Witherspoon, American singer (b. 1920)
*1998 – Charlie Foxx, American singer and guitarist (Inez and Charlie Foxx) (b. 1939)
*2001 – Ernie Coombs, American-Canadian television host (b. 1927)
*2002 – Bob Hayes, American sprinter and football player (b. 1942)
* 2002 – Mauro Ramos, Brazilian footballer and manager (b. 1930)
* 2002 – Margita Stefanović, Serbian keyboard player (b. 1959)
*2003 – Emil Fackenheim, German rabbi and philosopher (b. 1916)
* 2003 – Bob Mitchell (British politician), Bob Mitchell, English educator and politician (b. 1927)
*2004 – Norman Cantor, Canadian-American historian and educator (b. 1929)
* 2004 – Russ Meyer, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1922)
*2005 – Michael Park (co-driver), Michael Park, English racing driver (b. 1966)
* 2005 – Clint C. Wilson, Sr., American cartoonist (b. 1914)
*2006 – Edward J. King, American football player, lawyer, and politician, 66th Governor of Massachusetts (b. 1925)
*2007 – Pepsi Tate, Welsh bass player and producer (b. 1965)
*2008 – Leo de Berardinis, Italian actor and director (b. 1940)
* 2008 – Mauricio Kagel, Argentinian-German composer and educator (b. 1931)
* 2008 – Ron Lancaster, American-Canadian football player and coach (b. 1938)
*2011 – Suicide of Jamey Rodemeyer, Jamey Rodemeyer, American teenage activist (b. 1997)
*2012 – Santiago Carrillo, Spanish theorist and politician (b. 1915)
* 2012 – Haim Hefer, Polish-Israeli songwriter and poet (b. 1925)
* 2012 – Jack Kralick, American baseball player (b. 1935)
* 2012 – Steve Sabol, American director and producer, co-founded NFL Films (b. 1942)
*2013 – Veliyam Bharghavan, Indian politician (b. 1928)
* 2013 – Lindsay Cooper, English composer, bassoon and oboe player (b. 1951)
* 2013 – Arthur Lamothe, French-Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1928)
* 2013 – Ken Norton, American boxer (b. 1943)
* 2013 – Marcel Reich-Ranicki, Polish-German author and critic (b. 1920)
* 2013 – Richard C. Sarafian, American actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1930)
*2014 – Milan Marcetta, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1936)
* 2014 – Earl Ross, Canadian racing driver (b. 1941)
* 2014 – Hirofumi Uzawa, Japanese economist and academic (b. 1928)
* 2014 – Kenny Wheeler, Canadian-English trumpet player and composer (b. 1930)
*2015 – Eduardo Bonvallet, Chilean footballer and manager (b. 1955)
* 2015 – James R. Houck, American astrophysicist and academic (b. 1940)
* 2015 – Mario Benjamín Menéndez, Argentinian general and politician (b. 1930)
*2017 – Afzal Ahsan Randhawa, Pakistani writer, poet, translator and playwright (b. 1937)
*2020 – Ruth Bader Ginsburg, United States Supreme Court justice (b. 1933)
*2021 – Jolidee Matongo, South African politician, 97th Mayor of Johannesburg (b. 1975)
* 2021 – Chris Anker Sørensen, Danish road bicycle racer (b. 1984)
Holidays and observances
* Christian feast day:
** Constantius (Theban Legion)
** Edward Bouverie Pusey (Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church), Episcopal Church)
** Eustorgius I
** Joseph of Cupertino
** John Macias, Juan Macias
** Methodius of Olympus
** Richardis
** September 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
* National Music Day in Azerbaijan, Day of National Music (Azerbaijan)
* Ryukyuan languages#Status, Island Language Day (Okinawa Prefecture, Japan)
* Fiestas Patrias (Chile), National Day or ''Dieciocho'' (Chile)
* AIDS.gov#External links, National HIV/AIDS and Aging Awareness Day (United States)
* Navy Day (Croatia)
* World Water Monitoring Day
References
External links
*
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:September 18
Days of the year
September