1882 In Science

The year 1882 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Astronomy

* September – Great Comet of 1882 sighted.
* December 6 – Transit of Venus, 1882.

Biology

* March 24 – Robert Koch announces his discovery of the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis, ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis''.
* Élie Metchnikoff discovers phagocytosis.

Chemistry

* Italian physicist Luigi Palmieri detects helium on Earth for the first time through its D₃ spectral line when he analyzes the lava of Mount Vesuvius.

Earth sciences

* Clarence Dutton's ''Tertiary History of the Grand Cañon District'' is published by the United States Geological Survey.

Mathematics

* June – German mathematician Ferdinand von Lindemann publishes proof that is a transcendental number and that squaring the circle is consequently impossible.
* December – Swedish mathematician Gösta Mittag-Leffler establishes the journal ''Acta Mathematica''.
* Felix Klein first describes the Klein bottle.

Medicine

* March 28 – Paul Beiersdorf patents an adhesive bandage in Germany, the foundation of the Beiersdorf company.
* Vladimir Bekhterev publishes ''Provodiashchie puti mozga'' ("The Conduction Paths in the Brain and Spinal Cord"), beginning to note the role of the hippocampus in memory.

Technology

* January 12 – Holborn Viaduct power station in the City of London, the world's first coal-fired public electricity generating station, begins operation.
* By March – Étienne-Jules Marey invents a chronophotographic gun capable of photographing 12 consecutive frames per second on the same plate.
* April 29 – Werner von Siemens demonstrates his '' Electromote'', the first form of trolleybus, in Berlin.
* June 6 – Henry W. Seeley patents the electric clothes iron in the United States.
* September 4 – Thomas Edison starts the United States' first commercial electrical power plant, lighting one square mile of lower Manhattan.
* English mechanical engineer James Atkinson invents his " Differential Engine".
* American electrical engineer Schuyler Wheeler produces an electric fan.
* Alfred P. Southwick publishes his proposals for use of the electric chair as an execution method in the United States.

Events

* First International Polar Year, an international scientific program, begins.
* The Chartered Institute of Patent Agents, the modern-day Chartered Institute of Patent Attorneys, is founded in the United Kingdom.

Awards

* Copley Medal: Arthur Cayley
* Wollaston Medal for Geology: Franz Ritter von Hauer

Births

* March 14 – Wacław Sierpiński (died 1969), Polish mathematician.
* March 23 – Emmy Noether (died 1935), German mathematician.
* March 30 – Melanie Klein (died 1960), Viennese-born psychoanalyst.
* April 27 – Harry Allan (died 1957), New Zealand botanist.
* June 17 – Harold Gillies (died 1960), New Zealand-born plastic surgeon.
* July 12 – Traian Lalescu (died 1929), Romanian mathematician.
* July 21 – Herbert E. Ives (died 1953), American optical engineer.
* September 30 – Hans Geiger (died 1945), German inventor of the Geiger counter.
* October 5 – Robert Goddard (died 1945), American rocket scientist.
* October 26 – Marietta Pallis (died 1963), Indian-born Graeco-British ecologist.
* November 18 – Frances Gertrude McGill (died 1959), pioneering Canadian forensic pathologist.
* December 11 – Max Born (died 1970), German physicist and recipient of the Nobel Prize in physics in 1954.
* December 28 – Arthur Eddington (died 1944), English astrophysicist.
* Israel Aharoni (died 1946), Belarusian-born Jewish zoologist.

Deaths

* January 11 – Theodor Schwann (born 1810), German physiologist.
* April 19 – Charles Darwin (born 1809), English naturalist and geologist.
* August 24 – John Dillwyn Llewelyn (born 1810), Welsh botanist and photographer.
* September 23 – Friedrich Wöhler (born 1800), German chemist.
* October 27 – Christian Heinrich von Nagel (born 1803), German geometer.
* November 20 – Henry Draper (born 1837), doctor, American astronomer.
* December 24
** Johann Benedict Listing (born 1808), German mathematician.
** Charles Vincent Walker (born 1812), English telegraph engineer.

References

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19th century in science
1880s in science