Events

Summary

The

American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of ...

began this year, with the first military engagement being the April 19

Battles of Lexington and Concord The Battles of Lexington and Concord were the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War. The battles were fought on April 19, 1775, in Middlesex County, Province of Massachusetts Bay, within the towns of Lexington, Concor ...

on the day after

Paul Revere Paul Revere (; December 21, 1734 O.S. (January 1, 1735 N.S.)May 10, 1818) was an American silversmith, engraver, early industrialist, Sons of Liberty member, and Patriot and Founding Father. He is best known for his midnight ride to al ...

's now-legendary ride. The

Second Continental Congress The Second Continental Congress was a late-18th-century meeting of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that united in support of the American Revolutionary War. The Congress was creating a new country it first named " United Colonies" and in ...

takes various steps toward organizing an American government, appointing George Washington commander-in-chief (June 14),

Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin ( April 17, 1790) was an American polymath who was active as a writer, scientist, inventor An invention is a unique or novel device, method, composition, idea or process. An invention may be an improvement upon a m ...

postmaster general (July 26) and creating a

Continental Navy The Continental Navy was the navy of the United States during the American Revolutionary War and was founded October 13, 1775. The fleet cumulatively became relatively substantial through the efforts of the Continental Navy's patron John Adam ...

(October 13) and a Marine force (November 10) as landing troops for it, but as yet the 13 colonies have not declared independence, and both the British (June 12) and American (July 15) governments make laws. On July 6, Congress issues the

Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms The Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms was a Resolution adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 6, 1775, which explains why the Thirteen Colonies had taken up arms in what had become the American Revolutionary W ...

and on August 23,

King George III George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great B ...

of Great Britain declares the American colonies in rebellion, announcing it to Parliament on November 10. On June 17, two months into the colonial

siege of Boston The siege of Boston (April 19, 1775 – March 17, 1776) was the opening phase of the American Revolutionary War. New England militiamen prevented the movement by land of the British Army, which was garrisoned in what was then the peninsular tow ...

, at the

Battle of Bunker Hill The Battle of Bunker Hill was fought on June 17, 1775, during the Siege of Boston in the first stage of the American Revolutionary War. The battle is named after Bunker Hill in Charlestown, Massachusetts, which was peripherally involved in ...

, just north of Boston, British forces are victorious, but only after suffering severe casualties and after Colonial forces run out of ammunition, Fort Ticonderoga is taken by American forces in New York Colony's northern frontier, and American forces unsuccessfully invade Canada, with an attack on

Montreal Montreal ( ; officially Montréal, ) is the second-most populous city in Canada and most populous city in the Canadian province of Quebec. Founded in 1642 as '' Ville-Marie'', or "City of Mary", it is named after Mount Royal, the triple- ...

defeated by British forces on November 13 and an attack on

Quebec Quebec ( ; )According to the Government of Canada, Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is ...

repulsed December 31. Human knowledge and mastery over nature advances when James Watt builds a successful prototype of a steam engine, and a scientific expedition continues as Captain James Cook claims the South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands in the south Atlantic Ocean for Britain. Nature's power over humanity is dramatically demonstrated when the Independence Hurricane (August 29 – September 13) devastates the east coast of North America, killing 4,173, and when, on the western side of the North American continent,

Tseax Cone The Tseax Cone ( ), also called the Tseax River Cone or the Aiyansh Volcano, is a young and active cinder cone and adjacent lava flows associated with the Nass Ranges and the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province. It is located east of Crater ...

erupts in the future

British Columbia British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC) is the westernmost Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada, situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. It has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that include ...

, as well as when a smallpox epidemic begins in New England. Smallpox was then cured by

Edward Jenner Edward Jenner, (17 May 1749 – 26 January 1823) was a British physician and scientist who pioneered the concept of vaccines, and created the smallpox vaccine, the world's first vaccine. The terms ''vaccine'' and ''vaccination'' are derived ...

January–June

* January – The Habsburg monarchy forces the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

to cede

Bukovina Bukovinagerman: Bukowina or ; hu, Bukovina; pl, Bukowina; ro, Bucovina; uk, Буковина, ; see also other languages. is a historical region, variously described as part of either Central or Eastern Europe (or both).Klaus Peter Berge ...

to its rule. *

January 5 Events Pre-1600 *1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 *1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French army ...

–

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...

finishes a Sonata for Keyboard in C. *

January 17 Events Pre-1600 *38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. *1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people o ...

–

Second voyage of James Cook The second voyage of James Cook, from 1772 to 1775, commissioned by the British government with advice from the Royal Society, was designed to circumnavigate the globe as far south as possible to finally determine whether there was any great so ...

: Captain James Cook takes possession of

South Georgia South Georgia ( es, Isla San Pedro) is an island in the South Atlantic Ocean that is part of the British Overseas Territory of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. It lies around east of the Falkland Islands. Stretching in the east ...

for the

Kingdom of Great Britain The Kingdom of Great Britain (officially Great Britain) was a sovereign country in Western Europe from 1 May 1707 to the end of 31 December 1800. The state was created by the 1706 Treaty of Union and ratified by the Acts of Union 1707, w ...

. *

February 9 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. *1003 – Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I the Brave of Poland. *1539 – The first recorded race is held ...

–

American Revolution The American Revolution was an ideological and political revolution that occurred in British America between 1765 and 1791. The Americans in the Thirteen Colonies formed independent states that defeated the British in the American Revolu ...

: The Parliament of Great Britain declares the

Province of Massachusetts Bay The Province of Massachusetts Bay was a colony in British America which became one of the thirteen original states of the United States. It was chartered on October 7, 1691, by William III and Mary II, the joint monarchs of the kingdoms of ...

to be in rebellion. *

February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Ti ...

–

Pope Pius VI Pope Pius VI ( it, Pio VI; born Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi, 25 December 171729 August 1799) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 15 February 1775 to his death in August 1799. Pius VI condemned the French Revoluti ...

succeeds

Pope Clement XIV Pope Clement XIV ( la, Clemens XIV; it, Clemente XIV; 31 October 1705 – 22 September 1774), born Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 May 1769 to his death in Sep ...

as the 250th

pope The pope ( la, papa, from el, πάππας, translit=pappas, 'father'), also known as supreme pontiff ( or ), Roman pontiff () or sovereign pontiff, is the bishop of Rome (or historically the patriarch of Rome), head of the worldwide Cathol ...

. *

February 26 Events Pre-1600 * 747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events. * 364 – Valentinian I is ...

– The

British East India Company The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (the Indian subcontinent and Southea ...

factory A factory, manufacturing plant or a production plant is an industrial facility, often a complex consisting of several buildings filled with machinery, where workers manufacture Manufacturing is the creation or production of goods with t ...

on Balambangan Island is destroyed by

Moro pirates The Sulu and Celebes Seas, a semi- enclosed sea area and porous region that covers an area of space around 1 million square kilometres, have been subject to illegal maritime activities since the pre-colonial era and continue to pose a maritim ...

. *

March 6 Events Pre-1600 *12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor. * 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. * 845 ...

–

Raghunathrao Raghunathrao Bhat (a.k.a. Ragho Ballal or Ragho Bharari) (18 August 1734 – 11 December 1783) was the 11th Peshwa of the Maratha Empire for a brief period from 1773 to 1774. He was known among the Hindus for his extremely successful North-west ...

Peshwa The Peshwa (Pronunciation: e(ː)ʃʋaː was the appointed (later becoming hereditary) prime minister of the Maratha Empire of the Indian subcontinent. Originally, the Peshwas served as subordinates to the Chhatrapati (the Maratha king); later ...

of the

Maratha Empire The Maratha Empire, also referred to as the Maratha Confederacy, was an early modern Indian confederation that came to dominate much of the Indian subcontinent in the 18th century. Maratha rule formally began in 1674 with the coronation of S ...

in India, signs the Treaty of Surat with the British Governor-General

Warren Hastings Warren Hastings (6 December 1732 – 22 August 1818) was a British colonial administrator, who served as the first Governor of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), the head of the Supreme Council of Bengal, and so the first Governor-Genera ...

Bombay Mumbai (, ; also known as Bombay — the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the '' de facto'' financial centre of India. According to the United Nations, as of 2018, Mumbai is the sec ...

ceding the territories of

Salsette Salsette Island is an island in Konkan division of the state of Maharashtra on India's west coast. Administratively known as Greater Mumbai, the city district of Mumbai, Mumbai Suburban District, Mira Bhayander and a portion of Thane lie wi ...

and Bassein to the British

East India Company The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (the Indian subcontinent and Sout ...

along with part of the revenues from

Surat Surat is a city in the western Indian state of Gujarat. The word Surat literally means ''face'' in Gujarati and Hindi. Located on the banks of the river Tapti near its confluence with the Arabian Sea, it used to be a large seaport. It is no ...

and

Bharuch Bharuch (), formerly known as Broach, is a city at the mouth of the river Narmada in Gujarat in western India. Bharuch is the administrative headquarters of Bharuch District. The city of Bharuch and surroundings have been settled since time ...

districts in return for military assistance. This leads to the First Anglo-Maratha War fought between the British and the Marathas, ending with the Treaty of Salbai in 1782. *

March 17 Events Pre-1600 *45 BC – In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda. * 180 – Commodus becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire at the age o ...

– Catherine the Great of Russia issues a manifesto prohibiting freed serfs from being returned to

serfdom Serfdom was the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism, and similar systems. It was a condition of debt bondage and indentured servitude with similarities to and differences from slavery, which develo ...

. *

March 23 Events Pre-1600 *1400 – The Trần dynasty of Vietnam is deposed, after one hundred and seventy-five years of rule, by Hồ Quý Ly, a court official. *1540 – Waltham Abbey is surrendered to King Henry VIII of England; the last rel ...

– American Revolution:

Patrick Henry Patrick Henry (May 29, 1736June 6, 1799) was an American attorney, planter, politician and orator known for declaring to the Second Virginia Convention (1775): " Give me liberty, or give me death!" A Founding Father, he served as the first ...

, a delegate to the Second Virginia Convention after the

Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography an ...

House of Burgesses The House of Burgesses was the elected representative element of the Virginia General Assembly, the legislative body of the Colony of Virginia. With the creation of the House of Burgesses in 1642, the General Assembly, which had been established ...

was disbanded by the Royal Governor, delivers his " Give me Liberty, or give me Death!" speech at St. John's Church in

Richmond, Virginia (Thus do we reach the stars) , image_map = , mapsize = 250 px , map_caption = Location within Virginia , pushpin_map = Virginia#USA , pushpin_label = Richmond , pushpin_m ...

. *

April 18 Events Pre-1600 * 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The ''patrician'' Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 days. *1428 – Peace of Ferrara be ...

– American Revolution:

and

William Dawes William Dawes Jr. (April 6, 1745 – February 25, 1799) was one of several men who in April 1775 alerted colonial minutemen in Massachusetts of the approach of British army troops prior to the Battles of Lexington and Concord at the outset ...

, instructed by Dr.

Joseph Warren Joseph Warren (June 11, 1741 – June 17, 1775), a Founding Father of the United States, was an American physician who was one of the most important figures in the Patriot (American Revolution), Patriot movement in Boston, Massachusetts, Bos ...

, ride from Boston to Lexington to warn

John Hancock John Hancock ( – October 8, 1793) was an American Founding Father, merchant, statesman, and prominent Patriot of the American Revolution. He served as president of the Second Continental Congress and was the first and third Governor of ...

and Sam Adams that British forces are coming to take them prisoner and to seize colonial weapons and ammunition in Concord. *

April 19 Events Pre-1600 *AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested. * 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persians ...

–

: Hostility between Britain and its American colonies explodes into bloodshed, igniting the

. *

May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. *1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of E ...

** American Revolution: The

meets, elects

president, raises the Continental Army under George Washington as commander and authorizes the colonies to adopt their own

constitutions A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When these pr ...

. ** American Revolution:

Ethan Allen Ethan Allen ( – February 12, 1789) was an American farmer, businessman, land speculator, philosopher, writer, lay theologian, American Revolutionary War patriot, and politician. He is best known as one of the founders of Vermont and fo ...

and

Benedict Arnold Benedict Arnold ( Brandt (1994), p. 4June 14, 1801) was an American military officer who served during the Revolutionary War. He fought with distinction for the American Continental Army and rose to the rank of major general before defect ...

, leading the

Green Mountain Boys The Green Mountain Boys were a militia organization first established in 1770 in the territory between the British provinces of New York and New Hampshire, known as the New Hampshire Grants and later in 1777 as the Vermont Republic (which l ...

Vermont Vermont () is a state in the northeast New England region of the United States. Vermont is bordered by the states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, and New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the ...

, capture Fort Ticonderoga. *

May 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1395 – Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army. *1521 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason. *1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explore F ...

– American Revolution: The Continental Congress bans trade with

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tota ...

. * June 11 –

–

Battle of Machias The Battle of Machias (June 11–12, 1775) was an early naval engagement of the American Revolutionary War, also known as the Battle of the ''Margaretta'', fought around the port of Machias, Maine. Following the outbreak of the war, British ...

: In the first naval engagement of the American Revolution, Patriot forces capture the schooner ''HMS Margaretta''. *

June 12 Events Pre-1600 * 910 – Battle of Augsburg: The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army under King Louis the Child, using the famous feigned retreat tactic of the nomadic warriors. *1240 – At the instigation of Louis IX of F ...

– American Revolution: ** The British forces offer a pardon to all colonists who lay down their arms. ** Action by citizens of

Machias, Maine Machias is a town in and the county seat of Washington County in Down East Maine, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 2,060. It is home to the University of Maine at Machias and Machias Valley Airport, a small publ ...

, in capturing British ships recognises the existence of a

United States Merchant Marine United States Merchant Marines are United States civilian mariners and U.S. civilian and federally owned merchant vessels. Both the civilian mariners and the merchant vessels are managed by a combination of the government and private sectors, an ...

. *

June 14 Events Pre-1600 *1158 – The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar. *1216 – First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soon ...

– American Revolution: The Continental Congress names George Washington as commander of the Continental Army. *

June 16 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Emperor Julian marches back up the Tigris and burns his fleet of supply ships. During the withdrawal, Roman forces suffer several attacks from the Persians. * 632 – Yazdegerd III ascends the throne as king ...

– The post of

Chief Engineer A chief engineer, commonly referred to as "ChEng" or "Chief", is the most senior engine officer of an engine department on a ship, typically a merchant ship, and holds overall leadership and the responsibility of that department..Chief engineer ...

of the Continental Army is created. *

June 17 Events Pre-1600 * 653 – Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism. *1242 – Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were bur ...

– American Revolution: Two months into the colonial

, British open fire on Breed's Hill on Charles Town Peninsula. After 3 charges, the British take the hill in the misnamed

. * June 19 – The post of Commanding General is created by the

Continental Congress The Continental Congress was a series of legislative bodies, with some executive function, for thirteen of Britain's colonies in North America, and the newly declared United States just before, during, and after the American Revolutionary War. ...

July–December

July 3 Events Pre-1600 * 324 – Battle of Adrianople: Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. * 987 – Hugh Capet is crowned King of France, the first of the Capetian dynasty that would rule France until the French Revolu ...

– American Revolution: George Washington takes command of the 17,000-man Continental Army at Cambridge. * July 5 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress sends the

Olive Branch Petition The Olive Branch Petition was adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 5, 1775, and signed on July 8 in a final attempt to avoid war between Great Britain and the Thirteen Colonies in America. The Congress had already authorized the i ...

, hoping for a reconciliation. * July 6 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress issues

, which contains the words: "Our cause is just. Our union is perfect... being with one mind resolved to die freemen rather than to live slaves...". *

July 26 Events Pre-1600 * 657 – First Fitna: In the Battle of Siffin, troops led by Ali ibn Abu Talib clash with those led by Muawiyah I. * 811 – Battle of Pliska: Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I is killed and his heir Staurakios is ser ...

– The Second Continental Congress appoints

to be the first

Postmaster General A Postmaster General, in Anglosphere countries, is the chief executive officer of the postal service of that country, a ministerial office responsible for overseeing all other postmasters. The practice of having a government official responsibl ...

of what later becomes the

United States Post Office Department The United States Post Office Department (USPOD; also known as the Post Office or U.S. Mail) was the predecessor of the United States Postal Service, in the form of a Cabinet department, officially from 1872 to 1971. It was headed by the postma ...

. * July 30 –

: anchors off the south coast of England,

Captain Cook James Cook (7 November 1728Old Style date: 27 October – 14 February 1779) was a British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the British Royal Navy, famous for his three voyages between 1768 and 1779 in the Pacific Ocean an ...

having completed the first eastbound global

circumnavigation Circumnavigation is the complete navigation around an entire island, continent, or astronomical body (e.g. a planet or moon). This article focuses on the circumnavigation of Earth. The first recorded circumnavigation of the Earth was the Magel ...

. * August 18 –

Tucson , "(at the) base of the black ill , nicknames = "The Old Pueblo", "Optics Valley", "America's biggest small town" , image_map = , mapsize = 260px , map_caption = Interactive map ...

is founded. *

August 21 Events Pre-1600 * 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège. *1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin–Song Wars. *1169 – B ...

– American Revolution –

Siege of Fort St. Jean The siege of Fort St. Jean (September 17 – November 3, 1775, also called St. John, St. Johns, or St. John's, french: Siège du Fort Saint-Jean) was conducted by American Brigadier General Richard Montgomery on the town and fort of Saint-Jea ...

: American rebels launch an invasion of Canada. * August 23 – American Revolution: Refusing to even look at the Olive Branch Petition, King George issues a

Proclamation of Rebellion The Proclamation of Rebellion, officially titled A Proclamation for Suppressing Rebellion and Sedition, was the response of George III to the news of the Battle of Bunker Hill at the outset of the American Revolution. Issued on 23 August 1775, ...

against the American colonies. *

August 29 Events Pre-1600 * 708 – Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708). * 870 – The city of Melite surrenders to an Aghlabid army following a siege, putting an end to Byzanti ...

– September 12 – The ''Independence Hurricane'' from

South Carolina )'' Animis opibusque parati'' ( for, , Latin, Prepared in mind and resources, links=no) , anthem = "Carolina";" South Carolina On My Mind" , Former = Province of South Carolina , seat = Columbia , LargestCity = Charleston , LargestMetro = G ...

Nova Scotia Nova Scotia ( ; ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces. Nova Scotia is Latin for "New Scotland". Most of the population are native En ...

kills 4,170, mostly fishermen and sailors. *

September 25 Events Pre-1600 * 275 – For the last time, the Roman Senate chooses an emperor; they elect 75-year-old Marcus Claudius Tacitus. * 762 – Led by Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, the Hasanid branch of the Alids begins the Alid Revolt a ...

– American Revolution: Siege of Fort St. Jean – Battle of Longue-Pointe:

Thirteen Colonies The Thirteen Colonies, also known as the Thirteen British Colonies, the Thirteen American Colonies, or later as the United Colonies, were a group of British colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America. Founded in the 17th and 18th cent ...

revolutionary forces under Maj.

attack

in Quebec, commanded by British General

Guy Carleton Guy Carleton may refer to: *Guy Carleton (bishop) (1605–1685), Anglican bishop * Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester (1724–1808), Irish soldier and early Governor of Canada * Guy Carleton (general), (1857–1946), United States Army major genera ...

. Allen's forces are defeated, and Allen himself is captured and held on British ships until he is released. * October – The Sayre Plotters attempt to kidnap

George III of the United Kingdom George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Monarchy of Ireland, Ireland from 25 October 1760 until Acts of Union 1800, the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was ...

. *

October 13 Events Pre-1600 * 54 – Roman emperor Claudius dies from poisoning under mysterious circumstances. He is succeeded by his adoptive son Nero, rather than by Britannicus, his son with Messalina. * 409 – Vandals and Alans cross the ...

– American Revolution: The Continental Congress orders the establishment of the

(later the

United States Navy The United States Navy (USN) is the maritime service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. It is the largest and most powerful navy in the world, with the estimated tonnage ...

). * October 26 – American Revolution:

George III George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...

announces to

Parliament In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government via hearings and inquiries. ...

that the American colonies are in an uprising and must be dealt with accordingly. * November – American Revolution: Colonel Richard Richardson's

revolutionaries march through Ninety-Six District in what becomes known as the ''Snow Campaign'', effectively ending all major support for the

Loyalist Loyalism, in the United Kingdom, its overseas territories and its former colonies, refers to the allegiance to the British crown or the United Kingdom. In North America, the most common usage of the term refers to loyalty to the British Cro ...

cause in the

backcountry In the United States, a backcountry or backwater is a geographical area that is remote, undeveloped, isolated, or difficult to access. Terminology Backcountry and wilderness within United States national parks The National Park Service (NPS) ...

of South Carolina. *

November 7 Events Pre-1600 * 335 – Athanasius is banished to Trier, on the charge that he prevented a grain fleet from sailing to Constantinople. * 680 – The Sixth Ecumenical Council commences in Constantinople. * 921 – Treaty of Bo ...

– American Revolution:

John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore (1730 – 25 February 1809), known as Lord Dunmore, was a British nobleman and colonial governor in the American colonies and The Bahamas. He was the last colonial governor of Virginia. Lord Dunmore was name ...

, British royal governor of the

Colony of Virginia The Colony of Virginia, chartered in 1606 and settled in 1607, was the first enduring English colonial empire, English colony in North America, following failed attempts at settlement on Newfoundland (island), Newfoundland by Sir Humphrey GilbertG ...

, signs

Dunmore's Proclamation Dunmore's Proclamation is a historical document signed on November 7, 1775, by John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore, royal governor of the British Colony of Virginia. The proclamation declared martial law and promised freedom for slaves of American ...

, declaring

martial law Martial law is the imposition of direct military control of normal civil functions or suspension of civil law by a government, especially in response to an emergency where civil forces are overwhelmed, or in an occupied territory. Use Marti ...

and offering freedom to slaves of Patriots who run away from their owners and join the

forces (formal proclamation November 15) thus losing the support of planters who see slaves as their vital livelihood. * November 10 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress passes a resolution creating the

Continental Marines The Continental Marines were the amphibious infantry of the American Colonies (and later the United States) during the American Revolutionary War. The Corps was formed by the Continental Congress on November 10, 1775 and was disbanded in 1783 ...

to serve as landing troops for the recently created Continental Navy (the Marines are disbanded at end of the war in April

1783 Events January–March * January 20 – At Versailles, Great Britain signs preliminary peace treaties with the Kingdom of France and the Kingdom of Spain. * January 23 – The Confederation Congress ratifies two October 8, ...

but reformed on

July 11 Events Pre-1600 * 472 – After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in St. Peter's Basilica and put to death. * 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, ...

1798 Events January–June * January – Eli Whitney contracts with the U.S. federal government for 10,000 muskets, which he produces with interchangeable parts. * January 4 – Constantine Hangerli enters Bucharest, as Prince of ...

as the

United States Marine Corps The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is the maritime land force service branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations through ...

). * November 13 – American Revolution: Battle of Montreal – American forces under

Brigadier General Brigadier general or Brigade general is a military rank used in many countries. It is the lowest ranking general officer in some countries. The rank is usually above a colonel, and below a major general or divisional general. When appointed t ...

Richard Montgomery Richard Montgomery (2 December 1738 – 31 December 1775) was an Irish soldier who first served in the British Army. He later became a major general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and he is most famous for ...

capture

. British General

escapes to

. * November 17 – The city of

Kuopio Kuopio (, ) is a Finnish city and municipality located in the region of Northern Savonia. It has a population of , which makes it the most populous municipality in Finland. Along with Joensuu, Kuopio is one of the major urban, economic, and cult ...

Finland Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bo ...

(belonging to Sweden at this time) is founded by King

Gustav III of Sweden Gustav III (29 March 1792), also called ''Gustavus III'', was King of Sweden from 1771 until his assassination in 1792. He was the eldest son of Adolf Frederick of Sweden and Queen Louisa Ulrika of Prussia. Gustav was a vocal opponent of what ...

. *

December 5 Events Pre-1600 *63 BC – Cicero gives the fourth and final of the Catiline Orations. * 633 – Fourth Council of Toledo opens, presided over by Isidore of Seville. *1033 – The Jordan Rift Valley earthquake destroys multiple ...

– American Revolution:

Henry Knox Henry Knox (July 25, 1750 – October 25, 1806), a Founding Father of the United States, was a senior general of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War, serving as chief of artillery in most of Washington's campaigns. Following the ...

begins his journey to

Cambridge, Massachusetts Cambridge ( ) is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. As part of the Greater Boston, Boston metropolitan area, the cities population of the 2020 United States Census, 2020 U.S. census was 118,403, making it the fourth most ...

with the artillery that has been captured from

Fort Ticonderoga Fort Ticonderoga (), formerly Fort Carillon, is a large 18th-century star fort built by the French at a narrows near the south end of Lake Champlain, in northern New York, in the United States. It was constructed by Canadian-born French mi ...

. * December 31 – American Revolution: Battle of Quebec – British forces repulse an attack by Continental Army generals

and

; Montgomery is killed.

Date unknown

Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Great Britain, continental Europe, and the United States, that occurred during the period from around 1760 to about 1820–1840. This transition included going f ...

Great Britain Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island and the ninth-largest island in the world. It is ...

. ** James Watt's 1769

steam engine A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. The steam engine uses the force produced by steam pressure to push a piston back and forth inside a cylinder. This pushing force can be ...

patent A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an sufficiency of disclosure, enabling disclo ...

is extended to June 1800 by

Act of Parliament Acts of Parliament, sometimes referred to as primary legislation Primary legislation and secondary legislation (the latter also called delegated legislation or subordinate legislation) are two forms of law, created respectively by the legislat ...

and the first

engine An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy. Available energy sources include potential energy (e.g. energy of the Earth's gravitational field as exploited in hydroelectric power ...

s are built under it. ** John Wilkinson invents and patents a new kind of boring machine. * Catherine the Great decrees a Statute for the Administration of the Provinces of the Russian Empire dividing the country into provinces and districts for efficient government. * A smallpox epidemic begins in

New England New England is a region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and by the Canadian province ...

. *

in northwestern British Columbia erupts. * Typhoon Liengkieki devastates the

Pacific The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...

atoll An atoll () is a ring-shaped island, including a coral rim that encircles a lagoon partially or completely. There may be coral islands or cays on the rim. Atolls are located in warm tropical or subtropical oceans and seas where corals can ...

of Pingelap. *

writes his five

violin concerto A violin concerto is a concerto for solo violin (occasionally, two or more violins) and instrumental ensemble (customarily orchestra). Such works have been written since the Baroque music, Baroque period, when the solo concerto form was first dev ...

s in

Salzburg Salzburg (, ; literally "Salt-Castle"; bar, Soizbuag, label=Austro-Bavarian) is the fourth-largest city in Austria. In 2020, it had a population of 156,872. The town is on the site of the Roman settlement of ''Iuvavum''. Salzburg was founded ...

at about this date. * The Calcutta Theatre is inaugurated. *

Shneur Zalman of Liadi Shneur Zalman of Liadi ( he, שניאור זלמן מליאדי, September 4, 1745 – December 15, 1812 O.S. / 18 Elul 5505 – 24 Tevet 5573) was an influential Lithuanian Jewish rabbi and the founder and first Rebbe of Chabad, a branch of Ha ...

founds the

Chabad Chabad, also known as Lubavitch, Habad and Chabad-Lubavitch (), is an Orthodox Jewish Hasidic dynasty. Chabad is one of the world's best-known Hasidic movements, particularly for its outreach activities. It is one of the largest Hasidic groups ...

-Lubavitch Hasidic Jewish dynasty. * Probable date – Jeanne Baret returns to France, becoming the first woman to complete a

of the globe.

Births

Charles Bird King portrait of Louisa Adams

Tieck, Friedrich, Ludwig Tieck und seine Schwester Sophie

Joseph Mallord William Turner Self Portrait 1799

Matthew Gregory Lewis by George Lethbridge Saunders, after Unknown artist

Lefèvre - Guillaume, baron Capelle (1775-1843)

Chase Philander-Bishop Episcopal Church USA

January–March

* January 2 – Henry Tufton, 11th Earl of Thanet, English cricketer (d.

1849 Events January–March * January 1 – France begins issue of the Ceres series, the nation's first postage stamps. * January 5 – Hungarian Revolution of 1848: The Austrian army, led by Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz, enters in th ...

) * January 3 – Francis Caulfeild, 2nd Earl of Charlemont, Irish politician (d.

1863 Events January–March * January 1 – Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation during the third year of the American Civil War, making the abolition of slavery in the Confederate states an official war goal. It proclaims t ...

) *

January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasion army. 1601–1900 *1649 – E ...

** George Weare Braikenridge, English antiquarian (d.

1856 Events January–March * January 8 – Borax deposits are discovered in large quantities by John Veatch in California. * January 23 – American paddle steamer SS ''Pacific'' leaves Liverpool (England) for a transatlantic voy ...

) ** Carlo, Duke of Calabria, Italian prince (d.

1778 Events January–March * January 18 – Third voyage of James Cook: Captain James Cook, with ships HMS ''Resolution'' and HMS ''Discovery'', first views Oahu then Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands of the Pacific Ocean, which he na ...

) *

January 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will ...

Date Narimura was a mid-Edo period Japanese samurai, and the 8th ''daimyō'' of Sendai Domain in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan, and the 24th hereditary chieftain of the Date clan. Biography Narimura was the second son of Date Shigemura by a concubine. ...

, Japanese daimyō (d.

1796 Events January–March * January 16 – The first Dutch (and general) elections are held for the National Assembly of the Batavian Republic. (The next Dutch general elections are held in 1888.) * February 1 – The capital ...

) **

Horace St Paul Sir Horace David Cholwell St Paul, 1st Baronet (6 January 1775 – 8 October 1840) was an English soldier and Member of Parliament. He was born in Paris, the eldest son of Horace St. Paul of Ewart Park, Northumberland. His younger brother was He ...

, English soldier and Member of Parliament (d.

1840 Events January–March * January 3 – One of the predecessor papers of the ''Herald Sun'' of Melbourne, Australia, ''The Port Phillip Herald'', is founded. * January 10 – Uniform Penny Post is introduced in the United Kingdom. * Jan ...

) * January 7 –

Thomas Amyot Thomas Amyot (7 January 1775 – 28 September 1850) was an English antiquarian. Early life Amyot was born at Norwich on 7 January 1775, of Huguenot descent. Intended for the profession of a country attorney, he became an articled clerk with a No ...

, English antiquarian (d.

1850 Events January–June * April ** Pope Pius IX returns from exile to Rome. ** Stephen Foster's parlor ballad " Ah! May the Red Rose Live Alway" is published in the United States. * April 4 – Los Angeles is incorporated as a c ...

) * January 9 ** Juan Francisco Larrobla, Uruguayan politician (d.

1842 Events January–March * January ** Michael Alexander takes office, as the first appointee to the Anglican-German Bishopric in Jerusalem. ** American medical student William E. Clarke of Berkshire Medical College becomes the first pe ...

) **

Antonio Villavicencio Antonio Villavicencio y Verástegui (January 9, 1775 – June 6, 1816) was a statesman and soldier of New Granada, born in Quito, and educated in Spain. He served in the Battle of Trafalgar as an officer in the Spanish Navy with the rank of Sec ...

, statesman and soldier of New Granada (d. 1816) *

January 10 Events Pre-1600 * 49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the ...

–

James Sewall Morsell James Sewall Morsell (January 10, 1775 – January 11, 1870) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Circuit Court of the District of Columbia. Education and career Born on January 10, 1775, in Calvert County, Province of Maryl ...

, United States federal judge (d.

1870 Events January–March * January 1 ** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England. ** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed. * January 3 – Construction of the Broo ...

) *

January 13 Events Pre-1600 *27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years. * 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the racin ...

–

Stanisław Kostka Zamoyski Count Stanisław Kostka Zamoyski of Herb Jelita (13 January 1775 – 2 April 1856) was a Polish nobleman (szlachcic), politician, landowner, and patron of arts. By birth he was a member of the House of Zamoyski. Biography Stanisław was the ...

, Polish noble (d.

) * January 15 – Giosuè Sangiovanni, Italian zoologist (d.

) *

January 18 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later. * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail. * 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the Chine ...

** Pedro Moreno, Mexican soldier (d.

1817 Events January–March * January 1 – Sailing through the Sandwich Islands, Otto von Kotzebue discovers New Year Island. * January 19 – An army of 5,423 soldiers, led by General José de San Martín, starts crossing the ...

) ** Evelyn Pierrepont, British Member of Parliament (d.

1801 Events January–March * January 1 ** The legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland is completed under the Act of Union 1800, bringing about the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the abolition of the Parliament of I ...

) *

January 19 Events Pre-1600 * 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to ''Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. * 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrender ...

** Hudson Gurney, English antiquary and verse-writer (d.

1864 Events January–March * January 13 – American songwriter Stephen Foster (" Oh! Susanna", " Old Folks at Home") dies aged 37 in New York City, leaving a scrap of paper reading "Dear friends and gentle hearts". His parlor song ...

) ** George Pyke, Canadian politician (d.

1851 Events January–March * January 11 – Hong Xiuquan officially begins the Taiping Rebellion. * January 15 – Christian Female College, modern-day Columbia College, receives its charter from the Missouri General Assembly. ...

) *

January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. * 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom. *1156 &nda ...

–

André-Marie Ampère André-Marie Ampère (, ; ; 20 January 177510 June 1836) was a French physicist and mathematician who was one of the founders of the science of classical electromagnetism, which he referred to as "electrodynamics". He is also the inventor of n ...

, French physicist and mathematician (d. 1836) *

January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Constantine is crowned as co-emperor ('' Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated by the Danelaw ...

** Manuel García, Spanish singer, teacher and composer (d.

1832 Events January–March * January 6 – Abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison founds the New-England Anti-Slavery Society. * January 13 – The Christmas Rebellion of slaves is brought to an end in Jamaica, after the island's white plant ...

) *

January 23 Events Pre-1600 * 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor. * 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao. * 1264 &n ...

** Pietro Colletta, Neapolitan general and historian (d.

1831 Events January–March * January 1 – William Lloyd Garrison begins publishing '' The Liberator'', an anti-slavery newspaper, in Boston, Massachusetts. * January 10 – Japanese department store, Takashimaya in Kyoto establ ...

) **

José Fernández Salvador José Fernández-Salvador (January 23, 1775 – October 1, 1853) was an Ecuadorian politician and jurist, known as a "liberal among the criollos" (that is, those born in Latin America of full Spanish blood).https://www.scribd.com/doc/19572244/Pedr ...

, Ecuadorian politician and jurist (d.

1853 Events January–March * January 6 – Florida Governor Thomas Brown signs legislation that provides public support for the new East Florida Seminary, leading to the establishment of the University of Florida. * January 8 – Taiping Reb ...

) **

John Rubens Smith John Rubens Smith (January 23, 1775 – August 21, 1849) was a London-born painter, printmaker and art instructor who worked in the United States. Biography Smith was born in London, England where he first studied art with his father, John Rap ...

, London-born painter (d.

) *

January 27 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor; under his rule the Roman Empire will reach its maximum extent. * 945 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to b ...

–

Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (; 27 January 1775 – 20 August 1854), later (after 1812) von Schelling, was a German philosopher. Standard histories of philosophy make him the midpoint in the development of German idealism, situating him ...

, German philosopher (d.

1854 Events January–March * January 4 – The McDonald Islands are discovered by Captain William McDonald aboard the ''Samarang''. * January 6 – The fictional detective Sherlock Holmes is perhaps born. * January 9 – The Te ...

) *

January 28 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany. * 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accession ...

** Lady Charlotte Bury, English novelist (d.

1861 Statistically, this year is considered the end of the whale oil industry and (in replacement) the beginning of the petroleum oil industry. Events January–March * January 1 ** Benito Juárez captures Mexico City. ** The first steam- ...

) ** James Brown Mason, American physician and legislator (d.

1819 Events January–March * January 2 – The Panic of 1819, the first major peacetime financial crisis in the United States, begins. * January 25 – Thomas Jefferson founds the University of Virginia. * January 29 – ...

) *

January 30 Events Pre-1600 *1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen. *1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom. 1601–1900 *1607 – An estimated ...

–

Walter Savage Landor Walter Savage Landor (30 January 177517 September 1864) was an English writer, poet, and activist. His best known works were the prose '' Imaginary Conversations,'' and the poem "Rose Aylmer," but the critical acclaim he received from contempor ...

, English writer and poet (d.

) *

January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. *1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the ...

** Giordano Bianchi Dottula, Italian writer and politician (d. 1846) ** John Richard Farre, English physician (d.

1862 Events January–March * January 1 – The United Kingdom annexes Lagos Island, in modern-day Nigeria. * January 6 – French intervention in Mexico: French, Spanish and British forces arrive in Veracruz, Mexico. * January ...

) * February 1 **

Philippe de Girard Philippe Henri de Girard (February 1, 1775 – August 26, 1845aged 70) was a French engineer and inventor of the first flax spinning frame in 1810, and the person after whom the town of Żyrardów in Poland was named. He was also the uncredited i ...

, French engineer and inventor of the first flax spinning frame in 1810 (d.

1845 Events January–March * January 10 – Elizabeth Barrett receives a love letter from the younger poet Robert Browning; on May 20, they meet for the first time in London. She begins writing her ''Sonnets from the Portuguese''. * January ...

) **

Jochum Nicolay Müller Jochum Nicolay Müller (born 1 February 1775 in Trondheim, Norway - died 2 January 1848 in Oslo, Norway) was a Norwegian naval officer who, as a midshipman, excelled at mathematics. As a junior lieutenant he met Horatio Nelson, and as a captain c ...

, Norwegian naval officer who (d.

1848 1848 is historically famous for the wave of revolutions, a series of widespread struggles for more liberal governments, which broke out from Brazil to Hungary; although most failed in their immediate aims, they significantly altered the polit ...

) * February 2 –

Gurun Princess Hexiao Princess Hexiao of the First Rank (2 February 1775 – 13 October 1823), personal name unknown,Gurun Princess Hexiao's personal name is unknown. The "Hexiao" is part of her title. The "Gurun", also part of her title, indicates that she is a p ...

of the Manchu dynasty (d.

1823 Events January–March * January 22 – By secret treaty signed at the Congress of Verona, the Quintuple Alliance gives France a mandate to invade Spain for the purpose of restoring Ferdinand VII (who has been captured by armed revolution ...

) *

February 3 Events Pre-1600 *1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, uniting the fortunes of those two states. * 1451 – Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire. *1488 – ...

** Maximilien Sébastien Foy, French military leader (d.

1825 Events January–March * January 4 – King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies dies in Naples and is succeeded by his son, Francis. * February 3 – Vendsyssel-Thy, once part of the Jutland peninsula forming westernmost Denmark, becomes an ...

) **

Louis-François Lejeune Louis-François, Baron Lejeune (3 February 1775 in Strasbourg – 29 February 1848) was a French general, painter, and lithographer. His memoirs have frequently been republished and his name is engraved on the Arc de Triomphe. Life He studie ...

, French general, painter and printmaker (d.

) *

February 8 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Constantius III becomes co-Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. *1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir. *1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of Al ...

** Jacob Liv Borch Sverdrup, Norwegian educator (d.

1841 Events January–March * January 20 – Charles Elliot of the United Kingdom, and Qishan of the Qing dynasty, agree to the Convention of Chuenpi. * January 26 – Britain occupies Hong Kong. Later in the year, the first census of the i ...

) ** Antonio Bertoloni, Italian botanist who made extensive studies of Italian plants (d.

1869 Events January–March * January 3 – Abdur Rahman Khan is defeated at Tinah Khan, and exiled from Afghanistan. * January 5 – Scotland's oldest professional football team, Kilmarnock F.C., is founded. * January 20 – E ...

) ** Thomas Liddell, 1st Baron Ravensworth, British politician (d.

1855 Events January–March * January 1 – Ottawa, Ontario, is incorporated as a city. * January 5 – Ramón Castilla begins his third term as President of Peru. * January 23 ** The first bridge over the Mississippi River open ...

) *

** Farkas Bolyai, Hungarian mathematician (d.

) ** Theodor Hell, pseudonym of Karl Gottfried Theodor Winkler, German man of letters (d.

) *

February 10 Events Pre-1600 * 1258 – Mongol invasions: Baghdad falls to the Mongols, bringing the Islamic Golden Age to an end. *1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bruce murders John Comyn, sparki ...

Charles Lamb Charles Lamb (10 February 1775 – 27 December 1834) was an English essayist, poet, and antiquarian, best known for his '' Essays of Elia'' and for the children's book ''Tales from Shakespeare'', co-authored with his sister, Mary Lamb (1764– ...

, English essayist (d. 1834) **

James Wilkes Maurice Vice-Admiral James Wilkes Maurice (10 February 1775 – 4 September 1857) was an officer of the Royal Navy during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Unlike his contemporaries who won fame commanding ships, Maurice gained accolades ...

, British Royal Navy officer during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (d.

1857 Events January–March * January 1 – The biggest Estonian newspaper, ''Postimees'', is established by Johann Voldemar Jannsen. * January 7 – The partly French-owned London General Omnibus Company begins operating. * J ...

) ** Ádám Récsey, Prime Minister of Hungary (October 3–7, 1848) (d.

1852 Events January–March * January 14 – President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte proclaims a new constitution for the French Second Republic. * January 15 – Nine men representing various Jewish charitable organizations come t ...

) *

February 11 Events Pre-1600 *660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman empire, on the eve of his coming ...

– William Hall, American politician (d.

) *

February 12 Events Pre-1600 *1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sophie performed the first post-mortem autopsy for the purposes of teaching and demonstration at the Heiligen–Geist Spital in Vienna. *1429 – English forces under ...

** Louisa Adams, First Lady of the United States, wife of President

John Quincy Adams John Quincy Adams (; July 11, 1767 – February 23, 1848) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, and diarist who served as the sixth president of the United States, from 1825 to 1829. He previously served as the eighth United States S ...

(d.

) ** Charles Lloyd, English poet (d.

1839 Events January–March * January 2 – The first photograph of the Moon is taken, by French photographer Louis Daguerre. * January 6 – Night of the Big Wind: Ireland is struck by the most damaging cyclone in 300 years. * January 9 � ...

) *

February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the '' Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th. * 1462 – T ...

–

Benjamin Gorham Benjamin Gorham (February 13, 1775 – September 27, 1855) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts. He was the son of Nathaniel Gorham, who served as one of the Presidents of the Continental Congress. Benjamin was born in Charlestown in t ...

, American politician (d.

) *

February 14 Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad province Khorasan, marking the consolidation of the Abbasid revolt. * 842 – Charles the Bald and Lo ...

– William Clift, English medical illustrator and conservator (d.

) *

Paul Allen Paul Gardner Allen (January 21, 1953 – October 15, 2018) was an American business magnate, computer programmer, researcher, investor, and philanthropist. He co-founded Microsoft Corporation with childhood friend Bill Gates in 1975, which h ...

, American author and editor (d.

1826 Events January–March * January 15 – The French newspaper '' Le Figaro'' begins publication in Paris, initially as a weekly. * January 30 – The Menai Suspension Bridge, built by engineer Thomas Telford, is opened between the island ...

) ** Miguel Ramos Arizpe, Mexican priest (d.

1843 Events January–March * January ** Serial publication of Charles Dickens's novel ''Martin Chuzzlewit'' begins in London; in the July chapters, he lands his hero in the United States. ** Edgar Allan Poe's short story "The Tell-Tale Heart" ...

) **

Simmons Jones Baker Simmons Jones Baker (February 15, 1775 – August 18, 1853) was a physician, planter, legislator, and slave owner in North Carolina. Early life and education Baker was born in Hertford County on February 15, 1775, to Lawrence Baker and Ann Jone ...

, American politician (d.

) *

February 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1370 – Northern Crusades: Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights meet in the Battle of Rudau. * 1411 – Following the successful campaigns during the Ottoman Interregnum, Musa Çelebi, one of the sons ...

** Heinrich Jacob Aldenrath, German portrait painter (d.

1844 In the Philippines, it was the only leap year with 365 days, as December 31 was skipped when 1845 began after December 30. Events January–March * January 15 – The University of Notre Dame, based in the city of the same name, receives ...

) **

Frederick Garling Frederick Garling (17 February 1775 – 2 May 1848) was an English attorney and solicitor, and was one of the first solicitors admitted in Australia and was regarded as the first senior solicitor of the second Supreme Court established in the co ...

, English attorney and solicitor (d.

) *

February 18 Events Pre-1600 * 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy. *1268 &nd ...

–

Thomas Girtin Thomas Girtin (18 February 17759 November 1802) was an English watercolourist and etcher. A friend and rival of J. M. W. Turner, Girtin played a key role in establishing watercolour as a reputable art form. Life Thomas Girtin was born in So ...

, English painter and etcher (d.

1802 Events January–March * January 5 – Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin, British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, begins removal of the Elgin Marbles from the Parthenon in Athens, claiming they were at risk of destruction during the Ot ...

) *

February 19 Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the worship of ...

** John Bibby, founder of the British Bibby Line shipping company (d.

) ** Giovanni Battista Comolli, Italian sculptor (d.

) * February 20 ** Guy-Victor Duperré, French naval officer and Admiral of France (d. 1846) **

Israel Gregg Israel Gregg (February 20, 1775 – June 20, 1847) was the first captain of the historic steamboat ''Enterprise''. From June to December 1814, Israel Gregg commanded the ''Enterprise'' during two voyages from Louisville, Kentucky to Pittsburg ...

, first captain of the historic American steamboat ''Enterprise'' (1814) (d. 1847) ** John Starr, merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia (d.

1827 Events January–March * January 5 – The first regatta in Australia is held, taking place on Tasmania (called at the time '' Van Diemen's Land''), on the River Derwent at Hobart. * January 15 – Furman University, founded in 1826 ...

) *

February 21 Events Pre-1600 *452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine. *1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery. * 1440 – The ...

** Jean-Baptiste Girard, French soldier (d.

1815 Events January * January 2 – Lord Byron marries Anna Isabella Milbanke in Seaham, county of Durham, England. * January 3 – Austria, Britain, and Bourbon-restored France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Pr ...

) ** Claudius Herrick, American educator and minister (d.

) *

February 22 Events Pre-1600 * 1076 – Having received a letter during the Lenten synod of 14–20 February demanding that he abdicate, Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. *1316 – The Battle of Picotin, between Ferdi ...

** William Seymour, United States Representative from New York (d.

) *

February 24 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene Christianity, Nicene bishops with Arianism, Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica. *1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of ...

Claudius Hunter Sir Claudius Stephen Hunter, 1st Baronet (24 February 1775 – 20 April 1851), lawyer and Lord Mayor of London. Biography Hunter, who was born at Beech Hill, near Reading, 24 February 1775, was the youngest son of Henry Hunter (1739–1789) of ...

, Lord Mayor of London (d.

) **

Matěj Kopecký Matěj Kopecký (24 February 1775, probably in Libčany – 3 July 1847 in Týn nad Vltavou, Koloděje nad Lužnicí) was a Czech people, Czech puppeteer. For six generations his descendants followed the art of puppeteering. Kopecký's father was ...

, Czech puppeteer (d. 1847) ** Edward St Maur, 11th Duke of Somerset, English landowner and amateur mathematician (d.

) *

February 25 Events Pre-1600 *138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor. * 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II. *13 ...

– John Caldwell, businessman and politician in Lower Canada (d.

) *

– Adolf Stieler, German cartographer and lawyer (d. 1836) *

February 28 Events Pre-1600 * 202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes. * 1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is execut ...

–

Sophie Tieck Sophie Tieck (28 February 1775 – 1 October 1833), later known as Sophie Bernhardi or Sophie von Knorring, was a German Romantic writer and poet. Her role as a writer of the Romantic period was overshadowed by her brother Ludwig and her first ...

, German poet (d.

1833 Events January–March * January 3 – Reassertion of British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic. * February 6 – His Royal Highness Prince Otto Friedrich Ludwig of Bavaria assumes the title His Majesty Othon t ...

) *

March 3 Events Pre-1600 * 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan. *1575 & ...

– Henry Prittie, 2nd Baron Dunalley, British politician (d.

) *

March 4 Events Pre-1600 *AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title ''princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth). * 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia. * 852 – Croatian Knez (title), Knez Trpimir I of Cr ...

–

Johann Baptist von Lampi the Younger Johann Baptist von Lampi the Younger (4 March 1775 – 17 February 1837) was an Austrian portrait painter. Biography He was born to the portrait painter, Johann Baptist von Lampi, now known as "The Elder", and his wife, Anna Maria née Fran ...

, Austrian portrait painter (d.

1837 Events January–March * January 1 – The destructive Galilee earthquake causes 6,000–7,000 casualties in Ottoman Syria. * January 26 – Michigan becomes the 26th state admitted to the United States. * February – Charles Dickens ...

) *

March 5 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Roman emperor Julian leaves Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death. *1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Eastern j ...

Charlotte Richardson Charlotte Richardson or Charlotte Smith (5 March 1775 – 26 September 1825) was a British poet. Life Richardson was born in York in 1775 and by 1790 she had attended the basic Grey Coats School in York and she had become an orphan. She gave ...

, English poet (d.

) ** Adam Elias von Siebold, German gynecologist (d.

1828 Events January–March * January 4 – Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac succeeds the Comte de Villèle, as Prime Minister of France. * January 8 – The Democratic Party of the United States is organized. * January 22 – Arthu ...

) *

March 9 Events Pre-1600 * 141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China. * 1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg. *1226 &nda ...

Jean Kickx Jean Kickx (17 January 1803, Brussels – 1864) was a Belgian botanist. His father, also known as Jean Kickx (1775–1831) was a botanist and mineralogist; his son Jean Jacques Kickx (1842–1887) was a professor of botany at the University o ...

, Belgian botanist and mineralogist (d.

) ** Constance Mayer, French painter (d.

1821 Events January–March * January 21 – Peter I Island in the Antarctic is first sighted, by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen. * January 28 – Alexander Island, the largest in Antarctica, is first discovered by Fabian Gottlieb von B ...

) *

March 10 Events Pre-1600 *241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end. * 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes a ...

** Marc-Antoine Jullien de Paris, French journalist (d.

) **

Sir David Wedderburn, 1st Baronet Sir David Wedderburn, 1st Baronet (10 March 1775 – 7 April 1858) was a Scottish businessman and Tory politician. He was Postmaster General for Scotland 1823-31 and a member of two London militias before that. Family background Wedderburn w ...

, Scottish businessman and politician (d.

1858 Events January–March * January – **Benito Juárez (1806–1872) becomes Liberal President of Mexico. At the same time, conservatives install Félix María Zuloaga (1813–1898) as president. **William I of Prussia becomes regent f ...

) *

March 11 Events Pre-1600 * 222 – Roman emperor Elagabalus is murdered alongside his mother, Julia Soaemias. He is replaced by his 14-year old cousin, Severus Alexander. * 843 – Triumph of Orthodoxy: Empress Theodora II restores the ve ...

Nils Landmark Nils L. Landmark (11 March 1775 – 29 October 1859) was a Norwegian jurist, farmer and politician. Personal life He was born in Christiania to Nils Svensson and Karen Andersdatter Killerud. Contrary to some sources, he was not born with th ...

, Norwegian politician (d.

1859 Events January–March * January 21 – José Mariano Salas (1797–1867) becomes Conservative interim President of Mexico. * January 24 ( O. S.) – Wallachia and Moldavia are united under Alexandru Ioan Cuza (Romania since 1866, final u ...

) **

Pierre Jean François Turpin Pierre Jean François Turpin (11 March 1775, Vire – 1 May 1840) was a French botanist and illustrator. He is considered one of the greatest floral and botanical illustrators during the Napoleonic Era and afterwards. As an artist, Turpin was large ...

, French botanist and illustrator (d.

) *

March 12 Events Pre-1600 * 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city to the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius. *1088 – Election of Urban II as the 159th Pope of the C ...

Joseph Chitty Joseph Chitty (12 March 1776 – 17 February 1841) was an English lawyer and legal writer, author of some of the earliest practitioners' texts and founder of an important dynasty of lawyers. Life and practice He was himself the son of a Joseph C ...

, English lawyer and legal writer (d.

) ** Henry Eckford, Scottish-born American shipbuilder, naval architect, industrial engineer, entrepreneur (d.

) **

Michel Grendahl Michel Nielsen Grendahl (12 March 1775 - 18 January 1849) was a Norwegian farmer, shipbuilder and politician. Grendahl was born at Rennebu in Sor-Trondelag, Norway. His parents were Niels Mikkelsen Grindal (1739-1811) and Randi Mikkelsdatter ...

, Norwegian politician (d.

) ** James Welsh, English officer in the Madras Army of the East India Company (d.

) *

March 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland. *1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguen ...

– Samuel Street Jr., businessman in Upper Canada (d.

) *

March 15 Events Pre-1600 *474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years' truce. * 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar takes place. * 493 – ...

– Juan Bautista Arismendi, Venezuelan patriot and general of the Venezuelan War of Independence (d.

) *

–

Ninian Edwards Ninian Edwards (March 17, 1775July 20, 1833) was a founding political figure of the State of Illinois. He served as the first and only governor of the Illinois Territory from 1809 to until the territory was dissolved in 1818. He was then one of t ...

, founding political figure of the state of Illinois (d.

) *

March 19 Events Pre-1600 *1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire. * 1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen end ...

– Ramsay Richard Reinagle, English painter (d.

) *

March 22 Events Pre-1600 *106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea. * 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century. * 871 – Æthelr ...

Johan Collett Johan Collett (22 March 1775 – 19 June 1827) was a Norwegian politician and public administrator. He served as a member of the Constituent Assembly at Eidsvold in 1814. Background He was born at Rønnebæksholm in Næstved, Denmark, as the yo ...

, Norwegian politician and public administrator (d.

) ** Jack Crawford, British Royal Navy sailor, "Hero of Camperdown" (d.

) ** Armand Gouffé, French poet (d.

) *

– William Haseldine Pepys, English physical scientist (d.

) *

March 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1199 – King Richard I of England is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting in France, leading to his death on April 6. *1387 – English victory over a Franco- Castilian-Flemish fleet in the Battle of Margate ...

** Pauline Auzou, French painter and art instructor (d.

1835 Events January–March * January 7 – anchors off the Chonos Archipelago on her second voyage, with Charles Darwin on board as naturalist. * January 8 – The United States public debt contracts to zero, for the only time in history ...

) ** Pierre Berthezène, French Army general (d. 1847) **

Muthuswami Dikshitar Muthuswami Dikshitar (Mudduswamy Dikshitar)(, 24 March 1776 – 21 October 1835), mononymously Dikshitar, was a South Indian poet, singer and veena player, and a legendary composer of Indian classical music, who is considered one of the musical ...

, South Indian poet and composer (d.

) *

March 25 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Italian city Venice is founded with the dedication of the first church, that of San Giacomo di Rialto on the islet of Rialto. * 708 – Pope Constantine becomes the 88th pope. He would be the last pope to visi ...

– John Johnston, United States Indian agent (d.

) *

March 26 Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Emperor Maurice proclaims his son Theodosius as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. *1021 – On the feast of Eid al-Adha, the death of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, kept secret for six weeks, is ...

–

Thomas Monteagle Bayly Thomas Monteagle Bayly (March 26, 1775 – January 7, 1834) was an eighteenth and nineteenth century slave owner, politician, lawyer and planter from Virginia. He was the father of Thomas Henry Bayly. Early life Born on Hills Farm near Drum ...

, Virginian politician, lawyer and planter (d. 1834) *

March 27 Events Pre-1600 *1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized on Ferrara, a papal fiefdom. * 1329 – Pope John XXII i ...

– Nicolai Abraham Holten, Danish civil servant and director of Øresund Custom House (d.

) *

March 28 Events Pre-1600 * AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate. * 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Di ...

– Johann Heinrich Gossler, Hamburg banker and grand burgher (d.

) *

March 30 Events Pre-1600 * 598 – Balkan Campaign: The Avars lift the siege at the Byzantine stronghold of Tomis. Their leader Bayan I retreats north of the Danube River after the Avaro- Slavic hordes are decimated by the plague. * 1282 &n ...

– Hieronymus Karl Graf von Colloredo-Mansfeld, Austrian corps commander during the Napoleonic Wars (d.

1822 Events January–March * January 1 – The Greek Constitution of 1822 is adopted by the First National Assembly at Epidaurus. *January 3 - The famous French explorer, Aimé Bonpland, is made prisoner in Paraguay accused of being a sp ...

)

April–June

April 2 Events Pre-1600 *1513 – Having spotted land on March 27, Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León comes ashore on what is now the U.S. state of Florida, landing somewhere between the modern city of St. Augustine and the mouth of the St. J ...

** John Higton, English animal painter (d.

) ** Calvin Jones, American politician (d. 1846) **

Moses Walton Moses Walton (April 2, 1775 – March 13, 1847) was a nineteenth-century Virginia farmer who served in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly representing Shenandoah County, Virginia, Shenandoah County. Early and family life The son ...

, Virginia farmer serving in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly (d. 1847) *

April 4 Events Pre-1600 *503 BC – Roman consul Agrippa Menenius Lanatus celebrates a triumph for a military victory over the Sabines. * 190 – Dong Zhuo has his troops evacuate the capital Luoyang and burn it to the ground. * 611 – ...

–

Dutch Sam Samuel Elias, better known as Dutch Sam (4 April 1775 in Petticoat Lane, London – 3 July 1816), was a professional boxing pioneer and was active between the years 1801 and 1814. Known as the hardest hitter of his era, he earned the nickname "T ...

, British boxer (d. 1816) *

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of hi ...

– Johann Nepomuk Rust, Austrian surgeon (d.

) *

April 6 Events Pre–1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger) at the Battle of Thapsus. * 402 – Stilicho defeats the Visigoths under Alaric in the Battle of Pollentia. * ...

– Edward Wynne-Pendarves, English politician (d.

) *

April 7 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town. * 529 – First '' Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Emp ...

** Eliza Jumel, American socialite (d.

1865 Events January–March * January 4 – The New York Stock Exchange opens its first permanent headquarters at 10-12 Broad near Wall Street, in New York City. * January 13 – American Civil War : Second Battle of Fort Fisher ...

) ** Francis Cabot Lowell, American businessman (d.

) **

Louis Barbe Charles Sérurier Louis Charles Barbe Serurier (7 April 1775 Marle - 1860 Paris) was a French diplomat, and French Consul General (equivalent to an ambassador) from 1811 to 1815, and envoy from 1831 to 1835, to the United States. Life He was a cousin of Jean S� ...

, French diplomat (d.

1860 Events January–March * January 2 – The discovery of a hypothetical planet Vulcan is announced at a meeting of the French Academy of Sciences in Paris, France. * January 10 – The Pemberton Mill in Lawrence, Massachuset ...

) * April 8 **

Antoine Charles Cazenove Antoine Charles Cazenove (8 April 1775 – 16 October 1852) (born Antoine Charles de Cazenove) was a Swiss-American businessman and diplomat. Biography Antoine Charles Cazenove was born on 8 April 1775 to Paul Cazenove and Jeanne-Elisabeth Marti ...

, Swiss-American businessman and diplomat (d.

) ** Adam Albert von Neipperg, Austrian general and statesman (d.

1829 Events January–March * January 19 – August Klingemann's adaptation of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's ''Faust'' premieres in Braunschweig. * February 27 – Battle of Tarqui: Troops of Gran Colombia and Peru battle to a draw. * March ...

) ** Thomas Powys, 2nd Baron Lilford, British peer (d.

) *

April 9 Events Pre-1600 * 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum. * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, su ...

– Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada, Brazilian politician, leader in Brazil's independence and government (d.

) *

April 10 Events Pre-1600 * 428 – Nestorius becomes the Patriarch of Constantinople. * 837 – Halley's Comet makes its closest approach to Earth at a distance equal to 0.0342 AU (5.1 million kilometres/3.2 million miles). *1407 ...

–

Carl Wigand Maximilian Jacobi Carl Wigand Maximilian Jacobi (10 April 1775 – 18 May 1858) was a German psychiatrist. Biography He was born in Düsseldorf, the son of philosopher Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi. He attended the universities of Jena, Göttingen, Erfurt, and Edinburg ...

, German psychiatrist (d.

) *

April 12 Events Pre-1600 * 240 – Shapur I becomes co-emperor of the Sasanian Empire with his father Ardashir I. * 467 – Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 627 – King Edwin of Northumbria is converted t ...

Christian Samuel Theodor Bernd Christian Samuel Theodor Bernd (April 12, 1775 in Meseritz – August 26, 1854 in Bonn) was a German linguist and heraldist, one of the founders of scientific heraldry. Bernd studied theology at the Jena University. Between 1807 and 1811 he ...

, German linguist and heraldist (d.

) ** Vito Nunziante, Italian general (d. 1836) *

April 13 Events Pre-1600 *1111 – Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. * 1204 – Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire. 1601–1900 *1612 – In one of the epic samurai ...

– Adolph Henke, German physician (d.

) *

April 14 Events Pre-1600 *43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum. * 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor Ot ...

** Karl Becker, German philologist (d.

) ** John Philip, Scottish-born missionary in South Africa (d.

) * April 16 **

Sylvester Maxwell Sylvester Maxwell (April 16, 1775 – December 21, 1858) was an American lawyer and legislator. He was son of Hugh Maxwell, and was born April 16, 1775, at Heath, Massachusetts. He graduated from Yale University in 1797. The year following his ...

, American lawyer and legislator (d.

) ** Charles Stewart, English Anglican bishop in Lower Canada (d.

) * April 21 ** Alexander Anderson, American physician and illustrator (d.

) **

Edward Smith-Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby Edward Smith-Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby (21 April 1775 – 30 June 1851), KG, of Knowsley Hall in Lancashire (styled Lord Stanley from 1776 to 1832, known as Baron Stanley of Bickerstaffe from 1832-4), was a politician, peer, landowner, bui ...

, British politician (d.

) * April 22 ** Georg Hermes, German Roman Catholic theologian (d.

) ** Henry Ryan, US-Canadian Methodist minister (d.

) *

April 23 Events Pre-1600 *215 BC – A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Lake Trasimene. *599 – Maya king Uneh Chan of Calakmul attacks rival city-state Palenque in south ...

–

J. M. W. Turner Joseph Mallord William Turner (23 April 177519 December 1851), known in his time as William Turner, was an English Romantic painter, printmaker and watercolourist. He is known for his expressive colouring, imaginative landscapes and turbulen ...

, English Romantic landscape painter, watercolourist and printmaker (d.

) * April 25 ** William Warren Baldwin, Canadian politician (d.

) ** Alexander Johnston, Sri Lankan judge (d.

) **

Carlota Joaquina of Spain Doña Carlota Joaquina Teresa Cayetana of Spain (25 April 1775 – 7 January 1830) was Queen of Portugal and Brazil as the wife of King Dom John VI. She was the daughter of King Don Charles IV of Spain and Maria Luisa of Parma. ...

Queen consort of Portugal Portugal had only two queens regnant: Maria I and Maria II (and, arguably, two more: Beatriz for a short period of time in the 14th century; and Teresa, in the 12th century, which technically makes her the first ruler and first queen of Portu ...

(d. 1830) *

April 27 Events Pre-1600 * 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the '' ludi saeculares''. * 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes o ...

– Pietro Ostini, Catholic cardinal (d.

) *

April 28 Events Pre-1600 * 224 – The Battle of Hormozdgan is fought. Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V effectively ending the Parthian Empire. * 357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory ov ...

William Capel Sir William Capel (c. 1446-1515) of Capel Court in the parish of St Bartholomew-by-the-Exchange in the City of London and of Hadham Hall in the parish of Little Hadham, Hertfordshire, served as Lord Mayor of London and as a Member of Parliam ...

, English sportsman and clergyman (d.

) ** Loftus William Otway, British Napoleonic Wars general (d.

) *

April 29 Events Pre-1600 * 1091 – Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs are defeated by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos. *1386 – Battle of the Vikhra River: The Principality of Smolensk is defeated by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and be ...

– Samuel King, American Presbyterian minister, a founder of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (d.

) *

April 30 Events Pre-1600 * 311 – The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ends. * 1315 – Enguerrand de Marigny is hanged at the instigation of Charles, Count of Valois. *1492 – Spain gives Christopher Columb ...

** Guillaume Dode de la Brunerie,

Marshal of France Marshal of France (french: Maréchal de France, plural ') is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished ( ...

(d.

) ** Calvin Fillmore, American farmer and politician from New York (d.

) ** George Kinloch, Scottish reformer and politician (d.

) *

May 1 Events Pre-1600 * 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor. * 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches. *1169 &ndas ...

–

Angélique Mongez Marie-Joséphine-Angélique Mongez, née Levol (1 May 1775 – 20 February 1855) was a French Neoclassicism, Neoclassical artist. She studied under Jean-Baptiste Regnault and Jacques-Louis David and produced historical paintings. She was the firs ...

, French Neoclassical artist (d.

) *

May 3 Events Pre-1600 * 752 – Mayan king Bird Jaguar IV of Yaxchilan in modern-day Chiapas, Mexico, assumes the throne. *1481 – The largest of three earthquakes strikes the island of Rhodes and causes an estimated 30,000 casualties. ...

–

John Hansen Sørbrøden John Hansen Sørbrøden (3 May 1775 – 8 December 1857) was a Norwegian farmer, lay preacher and politician. He was born of the Sørbrøden in Berg parish in Østfold, Norway. He grew up within a farm family which figured prominently in the ...

, Norwegian farmer (d.

) * May 5 ** Marie-Anne Calame, Swiss vitreous enamel miniaturist and pietist philanthropic educator (d. 1834) **

Johann Christoph Friedrich Klug Johann Christoph Friedrich Klug (5 May 1775, in Berlin – 3 February 1856, in Berlin), was a German entomologist. He described the butterflies and some other insects of Upper Egypt and Arabia in Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg and Wilhelm Friedric ...

, German entomologist (d.

) ** Alexander McNair, American frontiersman and politician (d.

) ** Pablo Morillo, Spanish general (d.

) * May 6 **

Hans Henrich Maschmann Hans Henrich Maschmann (6 May 1775 – 19 November 1860) was a Norwegian pharmacist who was central to the effort to provide the country with medicines during the Napoleonic Wars. Hans Henrich Maschmann was born in Oslo, Norway. He was the son of ...

, Norwegian pharmacist (d.

) **

Mary Martha Sherwood Mary Martha Sherwood (née Butt; 6 May 177522 September 1851) was a nineteenth-century English children's writer. Of her more than four hundred works, the best known include '' The History of Little Henry and his Bearer'' (1814) and the two ser ...

, English children's author (d.

) *

May 8 Events Pre-1600 *453 BC – Spring and Autumn period: The house of Zhao defeats the house of Zhi, ending the Battle of Jinyang, a military conflict between the elite families of the State of Jin. * 413 – Emperor Honorius signs a ...

–

George Gwilt the younger George Gwilt, the younger (1775–1856) was an English architect and writer on architecture. best known for his restoration of the east end of the church of St. Saviour, Southwark, (now Southwark Cathedral). Biography Gwilt was born in Southwa ...

, English architect (d.

) *

May 9 Events Pre-1600 * 328 – Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria. * 1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy. *1386 – England and Portugal formally ...

– Jacob Brown, United States general (d.

) *

Antoine Charles Louis de Lasalle Antoine-Charles-Louis, Comte de Lasalle (10 May 1775, Metz6 July 1809, Wagram) was a French cavalry general during the French Revolutionary Wars, Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, often called "The Hussar General". He first gained fame for hi ...

, French cavalry general during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (d.

1809 Events January–March * January 5 – The Treaty of the Dardanelles, between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Ottoman Empire, is concluded. * January 10 – Peninsular War – French Marshal Jean ...

) ** William Phillips, English mineralogist and geologist (d.

) *

May 12 Events Pre-1600 * 254 – Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I, becoming the 23rd pope of the Catholic Church, and immediately takes a stand against Novatianism. * 907 – Zhu Wen forces Emperor Ai into abdicating, ending the Tan ...

– George Whitmore, British Army general (d.

) *

May 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1027 – Robert II of France names his son Henry I as junior King of the Franks. * 1097 – The Siege of Nicaea begins during the First Crusade. *1264 – Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured and fo ...

–

Micah Brooks Micah Brooks (May 14, 1775July 7, 1857) was a U.S. Representative from New York. Life Brooks received his early education from his father. He was a pioneer and one of the earliest surveyors of western New York. He was appointed a Justice of ...

, United States general (d.

) *

** Sir John Beckett, 2nd Baronet, British politician (d. 1847) **

Daniel LeRoy Daniel LeRoy (May 17, 1775 – February 11, 1858; Fenton, Michigan) was the last attorney general for the Michigan Territory, and the first Michigan attorney general. Born in Poughkeepsie, NY, in 1801 LeRoy moved to Chenango Point. After a b ...

, Attorney General for the Michigan Territory (d.

) *

May 19 Events Pre-1600 * 639 – Ashina Jiesheshuai and his tribesmen assaulted Emperor Taizong at Jiucheng Palace. * 715 – Pope Gregory II is elected. * 1051 – Henry I of France marries the Rus' princess, Anne of Kiev. *1445 &nd ...

– Antonín Jan Jungmann, Czech physician (d.

) * May 21 –

Lucien Bonaparte Lucien Bonaparte, 1st Prince of Canino and Musignano (born Luciano Buonaparte; 21 May 1775 – 29 June 1840), was French politician and diplomat of the French Revolution and the Consulate. He served as Minister of the Interior from 1799 to 180 ...

, French statesman (d.

) *

May 24 Events Pre-1600 * 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. *1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. * 1276 – Magnus La ...

** Sir Charles Ogle, 2nd Baronet, British Royal Navy officer (d.

) **

Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer, (24 May 1775 – 23 February 1850) was a British military officer and colonial administrator. Napoleonic Wars Aylmer was gazetted ensign in 1787, lieutenant in 1791 and major in 1800, after being held ...

, British Army general (d.

) *

May 25 Events Pre-1600 *567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans. *240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. *1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes Tol ...

– Pelagio Palagi, Italian painter (d.

) *

May 28 Events Pre-1600 *585 BC – A solar eclipse occurs, as predicted by the Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Cyaxares in the Battle of the Eclipse, leading to a truce. This is one of the cardinal dates from ...

– Thomas Graves, 2nd Baron Graves, British politician (d. 1830) *

May 29 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city. *1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under ...

– Nathan Cutler, American politician from Maine (d.

) *

May 31 Events Pre-1600 * 455 – Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome. *1223 – Mongol invasion of the Cumans: Battle of the Kalka River: Mongol armies of Genghis Khan led by Subutai defeat Kie ...

Charles Digby Charles Digby M.A. (31 May 1775 - 26 May 1841) was a Dean and Canons of Windsor, Canon of Windsor from 1808 to 1841''Fasti Wyndesorienses'', May 1950. S.L. Ollard. Published by the Dean and Canons of St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle Family He w ...

, British clergyman, Canon of Windsor from 1808 (d.

) ** Charles Jackson, American lawyer and jurist (d.

) *

June 4 Events Pre-1600 * 1411 – King Charles VI granted a monopoly for the ripening of Roquefort cheese to the people of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon as they had been doing for centuries. *1561 – The steeple of St Paul's, the medieval cathe ...

– Francesco Molino, Italian guitarist (d. 1847) * June 8 – Henry Boehm, American clergyman and pastor (d.

1875 Events January–March * January 1 – The Midland Railway of England abolishes the Second Class passenger category, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies follow Midland's lead during the rest of th ...

) *

June 9 Events Pre-1600 * 411 BC – The Athenian coup succeeds, forming a short-lived oligarchy. * 53 – The Roman emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia. * 68 – Nero dies by suicide after quoting Vergil's ''Aeneid'', thus ending the ...

–

Georg Friedrich Grotefend Georg Friedrich Grotefend (9 June 1775 – 15 December 1853) was a German epigraphist and philologist. He is known mostly for his contributions toward the decipherment of cuneiform. Georg Friedrich Grotefend had a son, named Carl Ludwig ...

, German epigraphist and philologist (d.

) *

June 10 Events Pre-1600 * 671 – Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock (clepsydra) called ''Rokoku''. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ōtsu. *1190 – Third Crusade: Frederick I ...

–

James Barbour James Barbour (June 10, 1775 – June 7, 1842) was an American slave owner, lawyer, politician and planter. He served as a delegate from Orange County, Virginia in the Virginia General Assembly, and as speaker of the Virginia House of Delegates. ...

, American politician (d.

) *

** Francis Bloodgood, American lawyer, mayor of Albany (d.

) ** Johann Baptist Malfatti von Monteregio, Italian-born physician (d.

) ** Karl Freiherr von Müffling, Prussian ''Generalfeldmarschall'' (d.

) *

June 13 Events Pre-1600 * 313 – The decisions of the Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Valerius Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, are published in Nicomedia. * 1325 – Ibn Battut ...

–

Antoni Radziwiłł Prince Antoni Henryk Radziwiłł (; 13 June 1775 – 7 April 1833) was a Polish and Prussian noble, aristocrat, musician, and politician. Initially an hereditary Duke of Nieśwież and Ołyka, as a scion of the Radziwiłł family he also h ...

, Polish politician (d.

) *

–

André Bruno de Frévol de Lacoste André Bruno de Frévol de Lacoste (14 June 1775 in Pradelles – 2 February 1809 in Saragosse) was a French general of the First Empire. He was killed during the Siege of Saragossa. Honours * Lacoste's name is engraved on the Arc de Tr ...

, French general of the First Empire (d.

) *

June 15 Events Pre-1600 * 763 BC – Assyrians record a solar eclipse that is later used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history. * 844 – Louis II is crowned as king of Italy at Rome by pope Sergius II. * 923 – Battle of Soi ...

** Elizabeth Benger, English biographer (d.

) ** Paul Delano, American-born sea captain (d.

) ** Carlo Porta, Italian poet (d.

) *

–

Judah Touro Judah Touro (June 16, 1775 – January 18, 1854) was an American businessman and philanthropist. Early life and career Touro's father Isaac Touro of Holland was chosen as the hazzan at the Touro Synagogue in 1762, a Portuguese Sephardic congr ...

, American businessman (d.

) *

–

Alexander Cowan Alexander Cowan (17 June 1775 – 13 February 1859) was a Scottish papermaker and philanthropist. He was a cousin and friend of Thomas Chalmers, the prominent Scottish minister. Through his business he was a friend and associate of the publisher ...

, Scottish papermaker and philanthropist (d.

) *

June 18 Events Pre-1600 * 618 – Li Yuan becomes Emperor Gaozu of Tang, initiating three centuries of Tang dynasty rule over China. * 656 – Ali becomes Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate. * 860 – Byzantine–Rus' War: A fleet of abo ...

–

Orsamus Cook Merrill Orsamus Cook Merrill (June 18, 1775April 12, 1865) was a U.S. Representative from Vermont. Early life Merrill was born in Farmington in the Connecticut Colony to James and Jerusha Seymour Merrill. He completed his preparatory studies in Farmingt ...

, American politician (d.

) * June 19 ** Vardry McBee, American saddlemaker and philanthropist (d.

) ** Friedrich August Peter von Colomb, German general (d.

) *

June 20 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius' battles Attila the Hun. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats, causing the Romans to interpret it as a victory. * 1180 – First Battle of Uji, starting ...

–

Jacques Frédéric Français Jacques Frédéric Français (20 June 1775 – 9 March 1833) was a French engineer and mathematician. Biography Born on 20 June 1775, Jacques Frédéric Français was the son of a grocer of Saverne. He attended the Royal College of Strasbourg ...

, French engineer and mathematician (d.

) *

June 22 Events Pre-1600 *217 BC – Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. * 168 BC – Battle of Pydna: Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus defeat Macedonian King Per ...

Johannes Flüggé Johannes (Johann) Flüggé (22 June 1775 – 28 June 1816) was a German botanist and physician who was a native of Hamburg. He studied medicine and natural history at the Universities of Jena, Vienna and Göttingen, and in 1800 received his docto ...

, German botanist and physician (d. 1816) ** Camillo Ranzani, Italian priest and a naturalist (d.

) *

June 24 Events Pre-1600 *1312 BC – Mursili II launches a campaign against the Kingdom of Azzi-Hayasa. *109 – Roman emperor Trajan inaugurates the Aqua Traiana, an aqueduct that channels water from Lake Bracciano, northwest of Rome. ...

– John Kempthorne, English clergyman and hymnwriter (d.

1838 Events January–March * January 10 – A fire destroys Lloyd's Coffee House and the Royal Exchange in London. * January 11 – At Morristown, New Jersey, Samuel Morse, Alfred Vail and Leonard Gale give the first public demonstration o ...

) * June 25 –

John Stevenson Salt John Stevenson Salt (25 June 1775 – 16 August 1845) was an English barrister, banker and land owner. He was born in June 1775, the son of Thomas Salt (died 1788) of Rugeley, Staffordshire and Elizabeth Stevenson. He was baptised 7 August 1775 ...

, English barrister, banker and landowner (d.

) *

June 26 Events Pre-1600 * 4 – Augustus adopts Tiberius. * 221 – Roman emperor Elagabalus adopts his cousin Alexander Severus as his heir and receives the title of Caesar. * 363 – Roman emperor Julian is killed during the retreat fro ...

Jean-Jacques Desvaux de Saint-Maurice Jean-Jacques Desvaux de Saint-Maurice, baron (26 June 1775, in Paris – 18 June 1815, near Waterloo), was a French general of the Napoleonic Wars.Fierro; Palluel-Guillard; Tulard, p. 721-722 Born in an aristocratic family of the Ancien Régime, ...

, French general of the Napoleonic Wars (d.

) ** John Swaine, English draughtsman and engraver (d.

) *

June 29 Events Pre-1600 * 226 – Cao Rui succeeds his father as emperor of the Kingdom of Wei. *1149 – Raymond of Poitiers is defeated and killed at the Battle of Inab by Nur ad-Din Zangi. *1194 – Sverre is crowned King of Norway, le ...

– Thomas Boyle, American privateer (d.

) * June 30 – William Thompson, Irish philosopher (d.

)

July–September

July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...

–

Cephas Thompson Cephas Thompson (July 1, 1775 – November 6, 1856) was a successful, largely self-taught, early nineteenth-century itinerant portrait painter in the United States. He was born, died, and lived most of his life in Middleborough, Massachusetts, ...

, American artist (d.

) *

July 2 Events Pre-1600 * 437 – Emperor Valentinian III begins his reign over the Western Roman Empire. His mother Galla Placidia ends her regency, but continues to exercise political influence at the court in Rome. * 626 – Li Shimin ...

–

Aaron Peasley Aaron Merrill Peasley ''(born Peaslee)'' (July 2, 1775 in Newton, New Hampshire – April 6, 1837 in Dayton, Ohio), was one of early America's foremost button makers. Life Peasley was born one of four sons born to William Peasley and Hannah Merri ...

, American buttonmaker (d.

) *

–

Antoine Philippe, Duke of Montpensier Louis Antoine Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Montpensier (3 July 1775, Palais-Royal, Paris - 18 May 1807, Salthill, England)The story of his death at the Windmill Inn at Salthill is in doubt. See was a son of Louis Philippe, Duke of Orléans (' ...

, member of the French royal family (d. 1807) * July 5 –

William Crotch William Crotch (5 July 177529 December 1847) was an English composer and organist. According to the American musicologist Nicholas Temperley, Crotchwas "a child prodigy without parallel in the history of music", and was certainly the most dis ...

, English composer, organist and artist (d. 1847) * July 8 ** William Davies, United States federal judge (d.

) **

Lucy Mack Smith Lucy Mack Smith (July 8, 1775 – May 14, 1856) was the mother of Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. She is noted for writing the memoir, '' Biographical Sketches of Joseph Smith, the Prophet, and His Progenitors for Many Ge ...

, American prominent in the Latter Day Saints, mother of Joseph Smith (d.

) *

July 9 Events Pre-1600 *118 – Hadrian, who became emperor a year previously on Trajan's death, makes his entry into Rome. * 381 – The end of the First Council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople by the Roman Emperor Theodos ...

–

Matthew "Monk" Lewis Matthew Gregory Lewis (9 July 1775 – 14 or 16 May 1818) was an English novelist and dramatist, whose writings are often classified as "Gothic horror". He was frequently referred to as "Monk" Lewis, because of the success of his 1796 Gothic no ...

, English Gothic horror writer and politician (d.

1818 Events January–March * January 1 ** Battle of Koregaon: Troops of the British East India Company score a decisive victory over the Maratha Empire. ** Mary Shelley's ''Frankenstein'' is published anonymously in London. * January 2 – ...

) *

– Joseph Blanco White, Spanish-born political thinker, theologian and poet (d.

) * July 14 ** Louis Ducis, French painter (d. 1847) ** Berkeley Guise, British landowner and Member of Parliament (d. 1834) * July 15 – Richard Westmacott, British sculptor (d.

) *

July 17 Events Pre-1600 * 180 – Twelve inhabitants of Scillium (near Kasserine, modern-day Tunisia) in North Africa are executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world. *1048 – Damasu ...

Domingo Eyzaguirre Domingo de Eyzaguirre y Arechavala (July 17, 1775 – April 22, 1854) was a Chilean politician and philanthropist. He was born in Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile, the son of the Basque people, Basque Domingo Eyzaguirre Escutasolo and of María ...

, Chilean politician and philanthropist (d.

) **

August Harder August Harder (17 July 1775 – 22 October 1813) was a German musician, composer and writer. He is known for the melody to Paul Gerhardt's sacred summer song " Geh aus, mein Herz, und suche Freud". Born Augustin Harder in Schönerstädt near Leisn ...

, German musician (d.

1813 Events January–March * January 18–January 23 – War of 1812: The Battle of Frenchtown is fought in modern-day Monroe, Michigan between the United States and a British and Native American alliance. * January 24 – ...

) *

July 18 Events Pre-1600 *477 BC – Battle of the Cremera as part of the Roman–Etruscan Wars. Veii ambushes and defeats the Roman army. *387 BC – Roman- Gaulish Wars: Battle of the Allia: A Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, ...

Pierre Decouz Pierre Decouz (18 July 1775 – 18 February 1814) became a French division commander during the later Napoleonic Wars. He was born in the Kingdom of Sardinia but after the region was annexed to France, he joined a volunteer battalion in 1793. He f ...

, French military officer (d. of wounds

1814 Events January * January 1 – War of the Sixth Coalition – The Royal Prussian Army led by Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher crosses the Rhine. * January 3 ** War of the Sixth Coalition – Siege of Cattaro: French garriso ...

) **

Karl von Rotteck Karl Wenzeslaus Rodecker von Rotteck (18 July 1775, Freiburg, Baden – 26 November 1840, Freiburg) was a German political activist, historian, politician and political scientist. He was a prominent advocate of freedom of the press and the aboli ...

, German political activist (d.

) *

July 19 Events Pre-1600 * AD 64 – The Great Fire of Rome causes widespread devastation and rages on for six days, destroying half of the city. * 484 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is ...

Camillo Borghese, 6th Prince of Sulmona ''Don (honorific), Don'' Camillo Filippo Ludovico Borghese, Prince of Sulmona and of Rossano, Duke and Prince of Guastalla (19 July 1775 – 9 May 1832) was a member of the Borghese, Borghese family, best known for being a brother-in-law of Napo ...

(d.

) ** John Andrew Shulze, Pennsylvania political leader, sixth Governor of Pennsylvania (d.

) * July 21 ** Edward Heneage, English first-class cricketer (d.

1810 Events January–March * January 1 – Major-General Lachlan Macquarie officially becomes Governor of New South Wales. * January 4 – Australian seal hunter Frederick Hasselborough discovers Campbell Island, in the Subantarctic. * Ja ...

) **

George Osborne, 6th Duke of Leeds George William Frederick Osborne, 6th Duke of Leeds, (21 July 1775 – 10 July 1838), styled Earl of Danby until 1789 and Marquess of Carmarthen from 1789 to 1799, was a British peer and politician. He served as Master of the Horse between ...

, English peer and politician (d.

) *

July 23 Events Pre-1600 * 811 – Byzantine emperor Nikephoros I plunders the Bulgarian capital of Pliska and captures Khan Krum's treasury. *1319 – A Knights Hospitaller fleet scores a crushing victory over an Aydinid fleet off Chios. ...

** Carl Ludwig Wilhelm Grolman, German jurist (d.

) ** Étienne-Louis Malus, French officer (d.

1812 Events January–March * January 1 – The ''Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch'' (the Austrian civil code) enters into force in the Austrian Empire. * January 19 – Peninsular War: The French-held fortress of Ciudad Rodrigo is stor ...

) *

July 24 Events Pre-1600 *1132 – Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. *1148 – Louis VII of France lays siege to Damascus during the Second Crusade. *1304 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of St ...

–

Eugène François Vidocq Eugène-François Vidocq (; 24 July 1775 – 11 May 1857) was a French criminal turned criminalist, whose life story inspired several writers, including Victor Hugo, Edgar Allan Poe and Honoré de Balzac. The former criminal became the founder an ...

, French criminal and private detective agent (d.

) *

July 25 Events Pre-1600 * 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops. * 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Brid ...

– Anna Harrison, American politician (d.

) * July 27 – Therese Brunsvik, Hungarian educationalist (d.

) * July 28 –

Hussey Vivian, 1st Baron Vivian Lieutenant General Richard Hussey Vivian, 1st Baron Vivian (28 July 177520 August 1842), known as Sir Hussey Vivian from 1815 to 1828 and Sir Hussey Vivian, Bt, from 1828 to 1841, was a British cavalry leader from the Vivian family. Early car ...

, British Army general (d.

) *

July 31 Events Pre-1600 *30 BC – Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian's forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide. * 781 – The oldest recorded eruption of Mount Fuji (Tr ...

– Emmanuel Dupaty, French singer and writer (d.

) *

August 2 Events Pre-1600 *338 BC – A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean. * 216 BC – The Carthaginian a ...

** William Henry Ireland, English forger (d.

) ** José Ángel Lamas, Venezuelan classical musician and composer born in Caracas (d.

) *

August 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1284 – The Republic of Pisa is defeated in the Battle of Meloria by the Republic of Genoa, thus losing its naval dominance in the Mediterranean. *1538 – Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Ques ...

Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême Louis Antoine of France, Duke of Angoulême (6 August 1775 – 3 June 1844) was the elder son of Charles X of France and the last Dauphin of France from 1824 to 1830. He was disputedly King of France and Navarre for less than 20 minutes befor ...

, last Dauphin of France (d.

) **

Daniel O'Connell Daniel O'Connell (I) ( ga, Dónall Ó Conaill; 6 August 1775 – 15 May 1847), hailed in his time as The Liberator, was the acknowledged political leader of Ireland's Roman Catholic majority in the first half of the 19th century. His mobilizat ...

, Ireland's predominant political leader (d. 1847) ** Hendrik van Oort, Northern Netherlandish painter (d. 1847) *

August 7 Events Pre-1600 * 461 – Roman Emperor Majorian is beheaded near the river Iria in north-west Italy following his arrest and deposition by the ''magister militum'' Ricimer. * 626 – The Avar and Slav armies leave the siege of Co ...

Maria Brizzi Giorgi Maria Brizzi Giorgi (7 August 1775 – 7 January 1812 in Bologna) was an Italian organist, composer and pianist noted for her improvisational ability. Biography She was born in Bologna into a musical family and began to perform in public at an e ...

, Italian organist (d.

) **

Jacob Hoel Jacob Nilsen Hoel (7 August 1775 – 29 July 1847) was a Norwegian Norwegian, Norwayan, or Norsk may refer to: *Something of, from, or related to Norway, a country in northwestern Europe * Norwegians, both a nation and an ethnic group native t ...

, Norwegian farmer (d. 1847) ** Henriette Lorimier, popular portraitist in Paris at the beginning of Romanticism (d.

) *

August 8 Events Pre-1600 * 685 BC – Spring and Autumn period: Battle of Qianshi: Upon the death of the previous Duke of Qi, Gongsun Wuzhi, Duke Zhuang of Lu sends an army into the Duchy of Qi to install the exiled Qi prince Gongzi Jiu as ...

– Richard Blakemore, English politician (d.

) *

August 9 Events Pre-1600 *48 BC – Caesar's Civil War: Battle of Pharsalus: Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus and Pompey flees to Ancient Egypt, Egypt. * 378 – Gothic War (376–382), Gothic War: Battle of Adrianople: A la ...

– Jacob Brown, United States general (d.

) *

August 12 Events Pre-1600 *1099 – First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid forces led by Al-Afdal Shahanshah. This is considered the last engagement of the First Crusade. * 1121 – Bat ...

– Conrad Malte-Brun, Danish-born geographer and writer on French politics (d.

) *

August 14 Events Pre-1600 * 74 BC – A group of officials, led by the Western Han minister Huo Guang, present articles of impeachment against the new emperor, Liu He, to the imperial regent, Empress Dowager Shangguan. The articles, enumerating t ...

–

Pieter Adrianus Ossewaarde Pieter Adrianus Ossewaarde (14 August 1775 – 21 March 1853) was a Dutch technocratic politician, who was twice interim Minister of Finance, the first time from April to June 1828 and the second time in May and June 1848 after the resignation ...

, Dutch politician (d.

) * August 15 **

Carlos de España Roger-Bernard-Charles Espagnac de Ramefort (15 August 1775 – 1839), better known as Charles d'Espagnac or, from 1817, Carlos d'Espagne,1839 Events January–March * January 2 – The first photograph of the Moon is taken, by French photographer Louis Daguerre. * January 6 – Night of the Big Wind: Ireland is struck by the most damaging cyclone in 300 years. * January 9 � ...

) ** Carl Franz Anton Ritter von Schreibers, Austrian naturalist, native of Pressburg (d.

) *

August 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1 BC – Wang Mang consolidates his power in China and is declared marshal of state. Emperor Ai of Han, who died the previous day, had no heirs. * 942 – Start of the four-day Battle of al-Mada'in, between the Ha ...

John Carlyle Herbert John Carlyle Herbert (August 16, 1775 – September 1, 1846) was an American lawyer, planter, military officer in the War of 1812 and politician. He served as a legislator in both Virginia and Maryland, as well as a U.S. Congressman represen ...

, American politician (d. 1846) ** Ebenezer Sage, American politician (d. 1834) * August 18 ** James Elliot, American politician (d.

) ** Johann Leonhard Pfaff, bishop of the German Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda from 1832 (d.

) *

August 20 Events Pre-1600 *AD 14 – Agrippa Postumus, maternal grandson of the late Roman emperor Augustus, is mysteriously executed by his guards while in exile. * 636 – Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control ...

Franz Dinnendahl Franz Dinnendahl (20 August 1775 - 15 August 1826) was a German engineer and industrialist who was most prominently known for his pioneering work during the Industrialization in Germany, industrialization in the Ruhr, Ruhr valley and building the ...

, German mechanical engineer (d.

) ** George Tucker, American politician (d.

) * August 22 **

François Péron François Auguste Péron (22 August 1775 – 14 December 1810) was a French naturalist and explorer. Life Péron was born in Cérilly, Allier, in 1775, the son of a tailor (not a harness maker as is frequently asserted). Although intended for ...

, French naturalist and explorer (d.

) **

August von Vécsey August, Graf von Vécsey or August Vécsey de Hernádvécse et Hajnácskeő ( hu, hernádvécsei és hajnácskeői gróf Vécsey Ágoston; 22 August 1775 – 15 January 1857) was an Imperial Austrian general of Hungarian descent who fought in th ...

, Austro-Hungarian general (d.

) * August 23 – Mark Cubbon, British army officer with the East India Company (d.

) *

August 25 Events Pre-1600 * 19 – The Roman general Germanicus dies near Antioch. He was convinced that the mysterious illness that ended in his death was a result of poisoning by the Syrian governor Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, whom he had ordered to l ...

– Karl Joseph Hieronymus Windischmann, German philosopher and anthropologist (d.

) * August 26 –

William Joseph Behr William Joseph Behr (26 August 17751 August 1851), German publicist and writer. Life He was born at Sulzheim. He studied law at Würzburg and Göttingen, became professor of public law in the university of Würzburg in 1799, and in 1819 was el ...

, German political radical (d.

) * August 27 ** Frederick Graff, American hydraulic engineer (d. 1847) ** Jan Verveer, major general of the Royal Netherlands Army (d.

) *

August 28 Events Pre-1600 * 475 – The Roman general Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his capital city, Ravenna. * 489 – Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths, defeats Odoacer at the Battle of Isonzo, forcing his wa ...

** Antoine Marc Augustin Bertoletti, Italian general (d. 1846) **

Sophie Gail Edmee Sophie Gail née Garre (28 August 1775 – 24 July 1819) was a French singer and composer. Life Sophie Garre was born in Paris in the parish of Saint Sulpice, the daughter of Marie-Louise Adelaide Colloz and surgeon Claude-Francois Ga ...

, French singer and composer (d.

) *

–

Niels Wulfsberg Niels Wulfsberg (29 August 1775 – 25 June 1852) was a Norwegian priest, newspaper editor and publisher. Born in Tønsberg, the son of a bailiff, he gained little respect as a priest in Christiania, owing to his libidinous lifestyle. He became kn ...

, Norwegian publisher (d.

) *

August 31 Events Pre-1600 * 1056 – After a sudden illness a few days previously, Byzantine Empress Theodora dies childless, thus ending the Macedonian dynasty. *1057 – Abdication of Byzantine Emperor Michael VI Bringas after just one year ...

** Agnes Bulmer, English epic poet (d. 1836) **

François de Fossa François de Fossa (full name: François de Paule Jacques Raymond de Fossa)Maurice J. Summerfield: ''The Classical Guitar. Its Evolution, Players and Personalities Since 1800'', 5th edition (Blaydon-on-Tyne: Ashley Mark Publishing Co., 2002), p. ...

, French classical guitarist and composer (d.

) * September 1 –

Honoré Charles Reille Honoré Charles Michel Joseph Reille (; 1 September 1775 – 4 March 1860) was a Marshal of France, born in Antibes. Reille served in the early campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars under Dumouriez and Masséna, whose daughter Victoire he m ...

, French general,

(d.

) *

September 4 Events Pre-1600 * 476 – Romulus Augustulus is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself "King of Italy", thus ending the Western Roman Empire. * 626 – Li Shimin, posthumously known as Emperor Taizong of Tang, assumes the throne ove ...

– Jean-François Le Gonidec, Breton linguist, Bible translator (d.

) *

September 5 Events Pre-1600 * 917 – Liu Yan declares himself emperor, establishing the Southern Han state in southern China, at his capital of Panyu. * 1367 – Swa Saw Ke becomes king of Ava *1590 – Alexander Farnese's army forces Hen ...

** Juan Martín Díez, ''El Empecinado'', Spanish military leader (d.

) **

Adolph Ferdinand Gehlen Adolph Ferdinand Gehlen (5 September 1775 – 16 July 1815) was a German chemist. Life and education Gehlen was born in Bytów, Bütow, Farther Pomerania (now Bytów, Poland), he is known as the publisher of ''Neues allgemeines Journal der Chem ...

, German chemist (d.

) * September 6 – Aleksey Greig, Russian admiral (d.

) * September 7 – John Jebb, Irish Anglican bishop and religious writer (d.

) *

September 8 Events Pre-1600 * 617 – Battle of Huoyi: Li Yuan defeats a Sui dynasty army, opening the path to his capture of the imperial capital Chang'an and the eventual establishment of the Tang dynasty. *1100 – Election of Antipope Theo ...

John Leyden John Caspar Leyden, M.D., (8 September 1775 – 28 August 1811) was a Scottish indologist. Biography Leyden was born at Denholm on the River Teviot, not far from Hawick. His father, a shepherd, had contrived to send him to Edinburgh University ...

, Scottish orientalist (d.

1811 Events January–March * January 8 – An unsuccessful slave revolt is led by Charles Deslondes, in St. Charles and St. James Parishes, Louisiana. * January 17 – Mexican War of Independence – Battle of Calderón B ...

) **

Vasily Orlov-Denisov Count Vasily Vasilyevich Orlov-Denisov (8 September 1775 – 24 January 1843) was a Cossack Russian general. He was the son of Vasily Petrovich Orlov, Ataman of the Don Cossacks, and grandson (on his mother's side) of the first Earl of the Coss ...

, Cossack Russian general (d.

) *

September 9 Events Pre-1600 *337 – Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans succeed their father Constantine I as co-emperors. The Roman Empire is divided between the three Augusti. *1000 – Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. *1141 – Y ...

** Guillaume Capelle, French administrator and politician (d.

) **

Francisco Ramón Vicuña Francisco Ramón de Vicuña Larraín (; September 9, 1775 – January 13, 1849) was a Chilean political figure. He served twice as acting President of Chile in 1829. Francisco Vicuña was of Basque descent. Early life He was born in San ...

, President of Chile (d.

) *

September 10 Events Pre-1600 * 506 – The bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. *1419 – John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy is assassinated by adherents of the Dauphin, the future Charles VII of France. *1509 – An earthq ...

** John Kidd, English physician, chemist and geologist (d.

) **

Murray Maxwell Captain Sir Murray Maxwell, CB, FRS (10 September 1775 – 26 June 1831) was a British Royal Navy officer who served with distinction in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, particularly during the French Revolutionary and Napo ...

, British Royal Navy officer (d.

) * September 11 **

Narciso Fernández de Heredia, 2nd Count of Heredia-Spínola Narciso Fernández de Heredia y Begines de los Ríos, ''iure uxoris'' Count of Ofalia, 2nd Count of Heredia-Spínola, 1st Marquess of Heredia, GE (1775–1847) was a Spanish nobleman, politician and diplomat who served as Prime Minister of Spain ...

, Prime Minister of Spain (d. 1847) **

Ferdinand August Freiherr von Hügel Ferdinand is a Germanic name composed of the elements "protection", "peace" (PIE "to love, to make peace") or alternatively "journey, travel", Proto-Germanic , abstract noun from root "to fare, travel" (PIE , "to lead, pass over"), and "co ...

, general in the royal Württemberg Infantry (d. 1834) * September 12 –

Josef Jüttner Josef Jüttner (12 September 1775, Bernartice (Jeseník District), Bernartice – 27 April 1848, Prague) was a Cartography, cartographer and Austrian army general, author of the first exact map of Prague based on Geodesy, geodetic measurement. Lif ...

, Austrian cartographer and military officer (d.

) *

September 13 Events Pre-1600 *585 BC – Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victories over the Sabines, and the surrender of Collatia. * 509 BC – The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on Rome's Capitoline Hi ...

–

Laura Secord Laura Secord ( Ingersoll; 13 September 1775 – 17 October 1868) was a Canadian heroine of the War of 1812. She is known for having walked out of American-occupied territory in 1813 to warn British forces of an impending American atta ...

, Canadian heroine of the War of 1812 (d.

1868 Events January–March * January 2 – British Expedition to Abyssinia: Robert Napier leads an expedition to free captive British officials and missionaries. * January 3 – The 15-year-old Mutsuhito, Emperor Meiji of Ja ...

) * September 14 **

Jean-Louis Burnouf Jean-Louis Burnouf (; 14 September 1775, in Urville, Manche – 8 May 1844) was a French philologist and translator. The son of a poor weaver who died early in Burnouf's life, leaving him an orphan, he was admitted to the collège d'Harcourt ...

, French philologist and translator (d.

) **

John Henry Hobart John Henry Hobart (September 14, 1775 – September 12, 1830) was the third Episcopal Church in the United States of America, Episcopal bishop of New York (1816–1830). He vigorously promoted the extension of the Episcopal Church in upstate ...

, third Episcopal bishop of New York from 1816 (d. 1830) **

Joseph Phillimore Joseph Phillimore (1775–1855) was an English civil lawyer and politician, Regius Professor of Civil Law at Oxford from 1809. Life The eldest son of Joseph Phillimore, vicar of Orton on the Hill, Leicestershire, by Mary, daughter of John Mac ...

, English lawyer and Member of Parliament (d.

) * September 15 – William A. Griswold, American lawyer and politician (d. 1846) *

September 16 Events Pre-1600 * 681 – Pope Honorius I is posthumously excommunicated by the Sixth Ecumenical Council. * 1400 – Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers. 1601–1900 *1620 – A determined band of 35 relig ...

Hermano José Braamcamp de Almeida Castelo Branco Hermano José Braamcamp de Almeida Castelo-Branco, 5th Lord, 2nd Baron, 1st Viscount and 1st Count of Sobral, 5th Lord of the Majorat of Sobral, 3rd Lord of the Majorat of Luz, Order of Christ (Portugal), ComC (16 September 1775 – 2 February 184 ...

, Portuguese nobleman and politician (d. 1846) **

Giuseppe Rosaroll Giuseppe Maria Rosaroll-Scorza (16 September 1775 – 2 December 1825) was an Italian essayist and a general in the army of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. He was also the father of the Italian patriotic hero Cesare Rosaroll. Military caree ...

, Italian essayist and general in the army of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (d.

) **

Christian Friedrich Schwägrichen Christian Friedrich Schwägrichen (16 September 1775, Leipzig – 2 May 1853, Leipzig) was a German botanist specializing in the field of bryology. In 1799 he obtained his medical doctorate from the University of Leipzig, where he was later an ...

, German botanist specializing in the field of bryology (d.

) *

September 17 Events Pre-1600 *1111 – Highest Galician nobility led by Pedro Fróilaz de Traba and the bishop Diego Gelmírez crown Alfonso VII as "King of Galicia". *1176 – The Battle of Myriokephalon is the last attempt by the Byzantine Em ...

Georges Roffavier Georges Roffavier (17 September 1775, in Lyon – 12 March 1866, in Lyon) was a French botanist. In 1806 he studied botany under Jean-Emmanuel Gilibert, later taking part in botanical excursions to Grand-Colombier (1817), Mont-Cenis (1826) ...

, French botanist (d. 1866) ** Margrethe Schall, Danish ballerina (d.

) * September 19 – José Félix Ribas, hero of the Venezuelan War of Independence (d.

) * September 20 – François-Pierre Chaumeton, French botanist and physician (d.

) * September 22 – Philip Milledoler, American protestant minister and fifth President of Rutgers College (d.

) * September 23 – Jens Christian Berg, Norwegian lawyer and historian (d.

) * September 24 – Nathan Heald, officer in the United States Army during the War of 1812 (d.

) *

– Pierre Flor, Norwegian politician (d.

) * September 26 – James Grimston, 1st Earl of Verulam, British peer and Member of Parliament (d.

) * September 29 ** David McConaughy (college president), David McConaughy, American pastor and fourth president of Washington College from 1831 to 1852 (d.

) ** François Michel de Rozière, French mining engineer and mineralogist (d.

) ** Herbert Taylor (British Army officer), Herbert Taylor, British Army officer (d.

) * September 30 – Robert Adrain, Irish-born American mathematician (d.

)

October–December

* October 2 – Cornelius O'Callaghan, 1st Viscount Lismore, Irish politician (d.

) * October 3 – Isaac von Sinclair, German writer and diplomat (d.

) * October 6 – Johann Anton André, German composer and music publisher (d.

) * October 7 ** Ramón Power y Giralt, Puerto Rican politician and Spanish admiral (d.

) ** Jaygopal Tarkalankar, Bengali writer and Sanskrit scholar (d. 1846) * October 9 ** Sir Alexander Boswell, 1st Baronet, British politician (d.

) ** Lars Johannes Irgens, Norwegian jurist and public official (d. 1830) ** Peter Thonning, Danish physician and botanist (d.

) ** Charles Williams-Wynn (1775–1850), Charles Williams-Wynn, British politician (d.

) * October 12 ** Lyman Beecher, American Presbyterian minister and patriarch (d.

) ** Ludovico Micara, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1847) *

– John Wentworth Loring, British Royal Navy admiral (d.

) * October 14 – Godfrey Macdonald, 3rd Baron Macdonald of Sleat, Scottish general (d.

) * October 15 ** Bernhard Crusell, Swedish-Finnish clarinetist and composer

) ** Alberto Lista, Spanish poet and educationalist (d.

) ** Bernardo Peres da Silva, governor of Portuguese India (d.

) * October 17 – Ole Paulssøn Haagenstad, Norwegian politician (d. 1866) * October 18 ** Martial Aubertin, French stage actor and dramatist (d. 1824) ** Dawson Turner, English banker and botanist (d.

) ** John Vanderlyn, American artist (d.

) * October 19 ** Jean-Baptiste Faribault, Lower Canadian trader with the Indians and early settler in Minnesota (d.

) ** Kamma Rahbek, Danish salon holder (d.

) * October 21 ** Giuseppe Baini, Italian priest, music critic and composer (d.

) ** Bartholomew Crannell Beardsley, Canadian politician, lawyer and judge (d.

) * October 23 – Gottlob Friedrich Thormeyer, German architect (d.

) * October 24 – Bahadur Shah II, Mughal emperor (d.

) * October 26 ** Charles Douglas, 3rd Baron Douglas, English amateur cricketer (d.

) ** Hans Moritz Hauke, German-Polish general (d. 1830) ** Joseph Nightingale, prolific English writer and preacher (d. 1824) ** Alexander Thom (surgeon), Alexander Thom, Scottish military surgeon, judge and politician in Upper Canada (d.

) * October 30 ** Catterino Cavos, Russian composer (d.

) ** Wilhelm Ludwig Viktor Henckel von Donnersmarck, Prussian officer who fought in the Napoleonic Wars (d.

) * November 1 – Christian Adolph Diriks, Norwegian lawyer and statesman (d.

) * November 2 ** Jean-Emmanuel Jobez, French businessman and politician (d.

) ** Jeromus Johnson, American politician (d. 1846) * November 3 – Edward Paget, British Army generak (d.

) * November 4 – Pierre Capelle, French chansonnier (d.

) * November 6 – August Wilhelm Hartmann, Danish composer (d.

) *

– Joseph Fox (dental surgeon), Joseph Fox, English dental surgeon (d. 1816) * November 8 ** Achille Fontanelli, Italian nationalist and Napoleonic general (d.

) ** Jacob Peter Mynster, Danish theologian and Bishop of Zealand (d.

) * November 9 – Daniel Waldron, American businessman (d.

) * November 10 – James Elliot, American politician (d.

) * November 11 – Gulbrand Eriksen Tandberg, Norwegian farmer and politician (d.

) * November 13 ** John Burns (surgeon), John Burns, Scottish surgeon (d.

) ** Richard Butler, 1st Earl of Glengall, Irish peer (d.

) ** Rémi Joseph Isidore Exelmans, distinguished French soldier of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (d.

) * November 14 – Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach, German legal scholar (d.

) * November 15 – James Carnahan, American clergyman and educator, ninth President of Princeton University (d.

) * November 19 ** Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger, German entomologist and zoologist (d.

) ** François Antoine Teste, French officer during the Napoleonic Wars (d.

) * November 20 – Gustav Anton von Seckendorff, German author (d.

) * November 21 – Josef Servas d'Outrepont, German obstetrician (d.

) * November 23 ** Clemens Wenzeslaus Coudray, German neoclassical architect (d.

) ** Johann Georg Rist, Danish author (d. 1847) ** Maria Anna of Naples and Sicily, member of the French Royal Family (d. 1780) * November 24 – Peter Buell Allen, politician and military commander in New York State, pioneer of Vigo County and Terre Haute (d.

) * November 25 ** Joseph Borremans, Belgian composer (d.

) ** Michel Étienne Descourtilz, French physician, botanist and historiographer of the Haitian revolution (d.

) ** Jean Baptiste Godart, French entomologist (d.

) ** Gustaf Gabriel Hällström, Finnish scientist (d.

) ** Charles Kemble, Welsh-born English actor of a prominent theatre family (d.

) * November 27 ** Jean-Françoìs de Dompierre de Jonquières, Dutch-Danish merchant (d. 1820) ** Lauritz Weidemann, Norwegian politician (d.

) * November 28 ** William Frere, English lawyer and academic (d. 1836) ** Jean-Charles Létourneau, notary and political figure in Lower Canada (d.

) * November 29 – Marie Antoine de Reiset, French general during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars (d. 1836) * November 30 – Jean Joseph Antoine de Courvoisier, French magistrate and politician (d.

) * December 2 – Joseph Denis Odevaere, Neo-Classical painter from the Southern Netherlands (modern-day Belgium) (d. 1830) *

– Abijah Bigelow, American politician (d.

) * December 6 ** Sir Charles Blunt, 4th Baronet, British Member of Parliament (d.

) ** Nicolas Isouard, Maltese composer (d.

) * December 10 ** José María de la Cueva, 14th Duke of Albuquerque, Spanish general and ambassador (d.

) ** Giacomo Filippo Fransoni, Catholic cardinal (d.

) ** Jacques-Antoine Manuel, French lawyer (d.

) * December 11 – Peter Little, American politician (d. 1830) * December 13 – Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel the Younger, Prussian statesman (d.

) * December 14 ** Philander Chase, American Episcopal Church bishop, educator and pioneer (d.

) ** Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald, British Royal Navy admiral (d.

) * December 15 – Phineas Riall, British Army general (d.

) * December 16 ** Ciro Annunchiarico, Italian cult leader (d.

) ** Jane Austen, English novelist (d.

) ** François-Adrien Boïeldieu, French composer (d. 1834) ** John Fullerton, Lord Fullerton, Scottish law lord (d.

) * December 17 – Carlo Rossi (architect), Carlo Rossi, Russian architect (d.

) * December 20 ** Samuel Farrow, American politician (d. 1824) ** Pierre Antoine François Huber, brigadier general in the French army (d.

) * December 21 – Julien-Joseph Virey, French naturalist and anthropologist (d. 1846) * December 25 ** John Fitzgerald (1775–1852), John Fitzgerald, British Member of Parliament (d.

) ** Peter Reesor, American-born Mennonite settler in Ontario (d.

) ** Antun Sorkočević, Croatian composer, writer and diplomat (d.

) * December 26 – Anton Carl Ludwig von Tabouillot, French officer, nobleman and counter-revolutionary (d.

) * December 28 ** João Domingos Bomtempo, Portuguese musician (d.

) ** Jean-Gabriel Eynard, Swiss banker (d.

) ** Pierre François Étienne Bouvet de Maisonneuve, French admiral (d.

) * Date unknown – Jeanne Geneviève Garnerin, French balloonist and parachutist (d. 1847)

Deaths

* January 1 – Ahmad Shah Bahadur, Mughal Emperor (b. 1725) *

– Khawaja Muhammad Zaman of Luari, Sindhi Sufi poet (b. 1713) * January 8 – John Baskerville, English printer (b. 1707) *

– Stringer Lawrence, English soldier (b. 1697) * January 11 – Prithvi Narayan Shah, last ruler of the Gorkha Kingdom in the Indian subcontinent (b. 1723) *

– Johann Georg Walch, German theologian (b. 1693) * January 14 – Peter Schenk the Younger, Dutch engraver and map publisher active in Leipzig (b. 1693) *

– Vincenzo Riccati, Venetian mathematician and physicist (b. 1707) * February 2 – Sir John Rushout, 4th Baronet, English politician (b. 1685) * February 5 – Eusebius Amort, German Catholic theologian (b. 1692) * February 6 – William Dowdeswell (Chancellor), William Dowdeswell, English politician (b. 1721) *

– Peter Dens, Belgian Catholic theologian (b. 1690) *

– Empress Xiaoyichun of China (b. 1727) *

– Pierre-Laurent Buirette de Belloy, French dramatist and actor (b. 1727) *

– Job Baster, Dutch naturalist (b. 1711) * March 21 – Thomas Penn, son of American colonial leader William Penn (b. 1702) *

– Peter August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (b. 1697) *

– Christian Ditlev Reventlow (1710–1775), Christian Ditlev Reventlow, Danish Privy Councillor (b. 1710) *

– Countess Palatine Ernestine of Sulzbach, wife of Landgrave William II (b. 1697) *

– Isaac Davis (soldier), Isaac Davis, American gunsmith and militia officer who commanded a company of Minutemen from Acton (b. 1745) *

– Peter Harrison (architect), Peter Harrison, English-born colonial American architect (b. 1716) *

– Israel Lyons, English mathematician and botanist (b. 1739) * May 2 – Fredericka of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, German noblewoman (b. 1715) *

– George Boscawen (1712–1775), George Boscawen, British general (b. 1712) *

** Marie Magdalene Charlotte Ackermann, German actress (b. 1757) ** Caroline Matilda of Great Britain, Caroline Matilda, British princess, queen consort of Denmark (b. 1751) * May 18 – Magnus Beronius, Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden (b. 1692) * May 27 – Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon, French noblewoman (b. 1693) *

– Asa Pollard, American soldier (b. 1735) *

–

** John Pitcairn, British marine major (b. 1722) **

, American Patriot, physician (b. 1741) * June 21 – Charles, Prince of Nassau-Usingen (1718–1775) and Nassau-Saarbrücken (1728–1735) (b. 1712) * June 23 – Karl Ludwig von Pöllnitz, German adventurer and writer (b. 1692) *

– Thomas Gardner (politician), Thomas Gardner, American politician and colonel (d. of wounds) (b. 1724) *

– Simon Boerum, American Continental Congressman (b. 1724) * July 13 ** Louis Charles, Count of Eu, member of the French Capetian dynasty (b. 1701) ** John Ratcliffe (Master of Pembroke), John Ratcliffe, English academic, Master of Pembroke College, Oxford (b. 1700) * July 21 – Szymon Czechowicz, prominent Polish Baroque painter (b. 1689) * August 10 – Elihu Adams, soldier in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War (b. 1741) * August 13 – Michał Fryderyk Czartoryski, Polish nobleman (b. 1696) *

– Zahir al-Umar, Arab ruler of northern Ottoman Palestine (b. 1689) * August 22 – Remember Baker, American soldier, member of the Green Mountain Boys (murdered) (b. 1737) * August 27 – James Burgh, British Whig politician and writer (b. 1714) * September 6 – Jean-Baptiste Bullet, French writer (b. 1669) *

– Klaas Annink, Dutch serial killer (executed) (b. 1710) *

– Allen Bathurst, 1st Earl Bathurst, English privy councillor (b. 1684) *

– John Parker (captain), John Parker, American colonial farmer (b. 1729) * September 23 – John Bentinck, British Royal Navy officer (b. 1737) * September 24 – Emanuel Büchel, Swiss painter (b. 1705) * October 2 – Fukuda Chiyo-ni, Japanese ''haiku'' poet and Buddhist nun (b. 1703) * October 3 – Cluer Dicey, English newspaper proprietor and patent medicine vendor (b. 1715) *

– James Cholmondeley, British Army officer and Member of Parliament (b. 1708) * October 18 – Christian August Crusius, German philosopher and theologian (b. 1715) * October 22 – Peyton Randolph, planter and public official from the Colony of Virginia (b. 1721) * November 4 – Luis Jayme, Spanish-born Franciscan (b. 1740) * November 5 – Christian IV, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, German noble (b. 1722) * November 9 – Francisco Ximénez de Tejada, Spanish knight, 69th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1703) * November 13 – Jeanne Camus de Pontcarré, French aristocrat and eccentric widow (b. 1705) * November 21 – John Hill (botanist), John Hill, English botanist and writer * November 24 – Lorenzo Ricci, Italian Jesuit leader (b. 1703) * November 25 – Richard Spry, British Royal Navy officer who served as North America and West Indies Station (b. 1715) * December 7 – Charles Saunders (admiral), Charles Saunders, British admiral * December 9 – Robert Livingston (1718–1775), Robert Livingston, American politician (b. 1718) * December 15 – Marie-Angélique Memmie Le Blanc, French feral child (b. 1712) * December 28 – Petrus Albertus van der Parra, Dutch colonial governor (b. 1714) * December 31 –

, American general (killed in battle) (b. 1738)

Events

Summary

January–June

July–December

Date unknown

Births

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Deaths

References

Further reading