Events

January–March

January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and th ...

– The Royal African Company is granted a

Royal Charter A royal charter is a formal grant issued by a monarch under royal prerogative as letters patent. Historically, they have been used to promulgate public laws, the most famous example being the English Magna Carta (great charter) of 1215, but ...

Charles II of England Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was King of Scotland from 1649 until 1651 and King of England, Scotland, and King of Ireland, Ireland from the 1660 Restoration of the monarchy until his death in 1685. Charles II was the eldest su ...

. *

January 23 Events Pre-1600 * 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor. * 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao. * 1229 ...

– The Treaty of Ghilajharighat is signed in

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

between representatives of the

Mughal Empire The Mughal Empire was an Early modern period, early modern empire in South Asia. At its peak, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus River Basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to ...

and the independent Ahom Kingdom (in what is now the Assam state), with the Mughals ending their occupation of the Ahom capital of Garhgaon, in return for payment by Ahom in silver and gold for costs of the occupation, and King Sutamla of Ahom sending one of his daughters to be part of the harem of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. *

February 5 Events Pre-1600 * *2 BC – Caesar Augustus is granted the title ''pater patriae'' by the Roman Senate. *AD 62, 62 – AD 62 Pompeii earthquake, Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy. *756 – Chinese New Year; An Lushan proclaims himself E ...

– An earthquake estimated at least 7.3 magnitude strikes

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...

's Quebec Province. *

February 8 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Constantius III becomes co-emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir. * 1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of ...

– English pirates led by Christopher Myngs and Edward Mansvelt carry out the sack of Campeche in Mexico, looting the town during a two week occupation that ends on February 23. *

February 10 Events Pre-1600 * 1258 – The Siege of Baghdad ends with the surrender of the last Abbasid caliph to Hulegu Khan, a prince of the Mongol Empire. * 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bru ...

– The army of the Kingdom of Siam (now

Thailand Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. With a population of almost 66 million, it spa ...

) captures

Chiang Mai Chiang Mai, sometimes written as Chiengmai or Chiangmai, is the largest city in northern Thailand, the capital of Chiang Mai province and the List of municipalities in Thailand#Largest cities by urban population, second largest city in Thailan ...

from the Kingdom of Burma (now

Myanmar Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has ...

), using it as a base for launching a larger attack on the Burmese coast in November. *

March 4 Events Pre-1600 * AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth). * 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia. * 581 – Yang Jian declares himself Emperor ...

– The Prince Edward Islands in the sub-antarctic

Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or approximately 20% of the water area of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia (continent), ...

are discovered by Barent Barentszoon Lam, of the Dutch ship ''Maerseveen'', and named ''Dina'' (Prince Edward) and ''Maerseveen'' (Marion). *

March 5 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Roman emperor Julian leaves Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death. * 1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Easte ...

– Emperor Go-Sai's reign ends, and Emperor Reigen ascends to the throne of

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

. * March 24 – King

issues the Charter of Carolina, establishing the Province of Carolina, and dividing it between eight Lords Proprietors.

April–June

* April 17 – The Ottoman Empire declares war against

Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I (Leopold Ignaz Joseph Balthasar Franz Felician; ; 9 June 1640 – 5 May 1705) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary, List of Croatian monarchs, Croatia, and List of Bohemian monarchs, Bohemia. The second son of Ferdinand III, Holy Rom ...

, beginning the Austro-Turkish War. * May 7 – The King's Theatre, now called "Drury Lane", opens in

London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...

. * June 7 – Under the pretext of working out a treaty with Dutch settlers in the colony of New Netherland, the Esopus tribe of the Delaware people enter the fortress at Wiltwijck (now the U.S. city of

Kingston, New York Kingston is the only Administrative divisions of New York#City, city in, and the county seat of, Ulster County, New York, United States. It is north of New York City and south of Albany, New York, Albany. The city's metropolitan area is grou ...

) and stage a surprise attack. Unbeknownst to the Wiltwijck residents, another group of Esopus warriors had destroyed the village of Nieu Dorp (now Hurley, New York) earlier in the day. The episode begins the Second Esopus War. * June 8 – The Portuguese and some English auxiliaries defeat the Spanish Army in the Battle of Ameixial.

July–September

* July 8 – King Charles II of England grants John Clarke a

for the American colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. * July 19 – Acting as intermediaries between the Dutch and Esopus war parties, a group of three Mohawk Indians obtain the release of the first four hostages who had been taken hostage in the Esopus attack on Wildwyck, two women and two children. Captain Martin Kregier
"Journal of the Second Eposus War"
(1663), translated by HudsonRiverValley.org, archived by The Wayback Machine * July 27 – The English Parliament passes the second Navigation Act, requiring that all goods bound for the American colonies have to be sent in English ships from English ports. * August 15 – Oratam, leader of the Hackensack tribe of the Lenape nation, meets in

New Amsterdam New Amsterdam (, ) was a 17th-century Dutch Empire, Dutch settlement established at the southern tip of Manhattan Island that served as the seat of the colonial government in New Netherland. The initial trading ''Factory (trading post), fac ...

(now New York City) with Weswatewchy, Memshe and Wemessamy, three chiefs of the Monsiyok tribe, to ask for the Hackensacks to supply a cannon to defend their fort, and to confirm that the Monsiyok are not allied with the other major division of the Lenape, the Esopus tribe. *

August 21 Events Pre-1600 * 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège. *1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty (1115–1234), Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin–Song War ...

– Concerned about the wintry weather, the

Parliament of England The Parliament of England was the legislature of the Kingdom of England from the 13th century until 1707 when it was replaced by the Parliament of Great Britain. Parliament evolved from the Great Council of England, great council of Lords Spi ...

holds an intercessory fast. * August 28 – In an unseasonably cold summer, severe frost hits

England England is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and List of islands of England, more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It ...

* September 5 – Dutch Captain Martin Kregier and Lieutenant Couwenhoven lead an attack against the Esopus Indians from the right and Lieutenant Stilwil and Ensign Niessen the left wing. In the battle, near what is now Mamakating, New York, Chief Papequanaehen and 14 other Esopus warriors are killed, along with seven civilians; three Dutch soldiers are killed, but 23 Dutch prisoners are rescued. * September 8 – Diego de Salcedo becomes the new Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines, replacing Sabiniano Manrique de Lara, who had served for more than 10 years. Salcedo is overthrown in 1668. * September 13 **The Gloucester County Conspiracy, the first slave rebellion in British North America, is foiled after one of the plotters, John Birkenhead, reveals the plan of African slaves and English indentured servants to kill their masters. Birkenhead is freed by his master as a reward for betraying the rebels. **After a siege of more than a month, the Hungarian fortress at Érsekújvár (now

Nové Zámky Nové Zámky (; ) is a town in Nové Zámky District in the Nitra Region of southwestern Slovakia. Geography The town is located on the Danubian Lowland, on the Nitra River, at an altitude of 119 metres. It is located around 100 km fr ...

Slovakia Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the west, and the Czech Republic to the northwest. Slovakia's m ...

) surrenders to the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

. In accordance with the treaty of surrender negotiated by the Hungarian commander, Count Ádám Forgách, the European residents are allowed free passage to Austria, and the Ottoman Grand Vizier, Fazil Ahmed Pasha provides a document certifying that the fort's defenders fought bravely.

October–December

* October 12 – The Farnley Wood Plot, a conspiracy in the English county of West Yorkshire to overthrow the recently-restored monarchy and to return to the military rule that had been established by the late Oliver Cromwell, fails when only 26 men gather at Farnley. The group is arrested and 21 of the rebels are later executed for treason. * October 16 – With 2,000 men under his command, Petar Zrinski, the

Viceroy A viceroy () is an official who reigns over a polity in the name of and as the representative of the monarch of the territory. The term derives from the Latin prefix ''vice-'', meaning "in the place of" and the Anglo-Norman ''roy'' (Old Frenc ...

Croatia Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a country in Central Europe, Central and Southeast Europe, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herze ...

within the Holy Roman Empire, defeats a much larger force of 8,000 Ottoman soldiers in the Battle at Jurjeve Stijene, near the modern town of Otočac. The Croatians lose 10 soldiers killed; the Ottoman invasion force suffers over 1,500 deaths. * November 6 – The Kingdom of Sweden adopts a law creating the flag in use in the nation now, a yellow Nordic cross on a blue background. The original version, used as a state flag and on ships, had three pennants. * November 19 – Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy is appointed by King Louis XIV of Frances as the new Governor General of the French West Indies as the colonies of Saint-Domingue, Saint Martin,

Guadeloupe Guadeloupe is an Overseas departments and regions of France, overseas department and region of France in the Caribbean. It consists of six inhabited islands—Basse-Terre Island, Basse-Terre, Grande-Terre, Guadeloupe, Grande-Terre, Marie-Galant ...

Dominica Dominica, officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island country in the Caribbean. It is part of the Windward Islands chain in the Lesser Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean Sea. The capital, Roseau, is located on the western side of t ...

Saint Barthélemy Saint Barthélemy, officially the Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Barthélemy, also known as St. Barts (English) or St. Barth (French), is an overseas collectivity of France in the Caribbean. The island lies about southeast of the island ...

, and Saint Croix are put under a unified rule for the colonies in the Caribbean Sea for the first time since 1651. * November 24 – The General Court of Commissioners for Rhode Island and Providence Plantations convenes for the final time, meeting in Newport to formally receive the Rhode Island Royal Charter issued on July 8 by King Charles II. * December 12 – The

Dutch Republic The United Provinces of the Netherlands, commonly referred to in historiography as the Dutch Republic, was a confederation that existed from 1579 until the Batavian Revolution in 1795. It was a predecessor state of the present-day Netherlands ...

prohibits practice of the common law custom of '' jus naufragii'', the doctrine that permitted people to seize property that had washed ashore on their land after a shipwreck. * December 17 – Queen Ana Nzinga of the Kingdom of Ndongo and the Kingdom of Matamba, both located in the northern part of what is now the Republic of Angola in Africa, dies after a 39-year reign in Ndongo and 32 years after conquering Matamba. She is succeeded by her sister, Barbara Mukambu Mbandi, who rules for less than three years. * December 27 – Jacob Hustaert becomes the new Governor of Dutch Ceylon.

Date unknown

* The Prix de Rome scholarship is established in France for students of the arts. * The first Maroon community arises in

Suriname Suriname, officially the Republic of Suriname, is a country in northern South America, also considered as part of the Caribbean and the West Indies. It is a developing country with a Human Development Index, high level of human development; i ...

. * Robert Hooke discovers that cork is made of "tiny little rooms", which he first calls " Cells". * Publication at

Cambridge Cambridge ( ) is a List of cities in the United Kingdom, city and non-metropolitan district in the county of Cambridgeshire, England. It is the county town of Cambridgeshire and is located on the River Cam, north of London. As of the 2021 Unit ...

in the

Massachusetts Bay Colony The Massachusetts Bay Colony (1628–1691), more formally the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, was an English settlement on the east coast of North America around Massachusetts Bay, one of the several colonies later reorganized as the Province of M ...

of the "'' Eliot Indian Bible''" (''Mamusse Wunneetupanatamwe Up-Biblum God''), which becomes the first complete

Bible The Bible is a collection of religious texts that are central to Christianity and Judaism, and esteemed in other Abrahamic religions such as Islam. The Bible is an anthology (a compilation of texts of a variety of forms) originally writt ...

published in the

Americas The Americas, sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North America and South America.''Webster's New World College Dictionary'', 2010 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio. When viewed as a sing ...

, a translation by English-born Puritan missionary John Eliot of the Geneva Bible, from English into the Massachusett language (Natic or Wômpanâak) variety of the

Algonquian languages The Algonquian languages ( ; also Algonkian) are a family of Indigenous languages of the Americas and most of the languages in the Algic language family are included in the group. The name of the Algonquian language family is distinguished from ...

. * Baruch Spinoza publishes '' Principia philosophiae cartesianae'' which is the only book he would publish under his name, in his life.

Births

January 13 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years. * 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the ra ...

– Henry Paget, 1st Earl of Uxbridge, British politician (d. 1743) *

January 19 Events Pre-1600 * 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to '' Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. * 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surren ...

– Nicholas Trott, colonial magistrate, South Carolina Chief Justice (d. 1740) *

January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. *1156 – Finnish peasant Lalli kills English clergyman Henry (bishop of Finland), Henry, the Bishop of Turku, on the ice of Köyliönjärvi, Lake Köyli� ...

– Luca Carlevarijs, Italian painter (d. 1730) *

January 26 Events Pre-1600 * 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph. * 1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people. * 1564 – The Council of T ...

– Francis Barrell, English politician (d. 1724) *

January 27 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor. * 945 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to become monks by Constantine VII, who becomes sole emperor of the ...

– George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington, English Royal Navy admiral (d. 1733) *

February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), ...

– Ignacia del Espíritu Santo, Filipino religious sister (d. 1748) *

February 4 Events Pre–1600 * 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...

– Edward Lee, 1st Earl of Lichfield, English peer (d. 1716) *

February 12 Events Pre-1600 * 1096 – Pope Urban II confirms the foundation of the abbey of La Roë under Robert of Arbrissel as a community of canons regular. * 1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sofia performed the first post- ...

– Cotton Mather, American theologian (d. 1728) *

February 22 Events Pre-1600 * 1076 – Having received a letter during the Lenten synod of 14–20 February demanding that he abdicate, Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. * 1316 – The Battle of Picotin, between Fer ...

– Louis Bossuet, French parlementaire (d. 1742) * February 25 – Pierre Antoine Motteux, French-born English dramatist (d. 1718) * March 3 – Nicolas Siret, French composer, organist and harpsichordist (d. 1754) *

March 6 Events Pre-1600 * 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor. * 845 – The 42 Martyrs of Amorium are killed after refusing to convert to Islam. * 1204 &ndas ...

– Francis Atterbury, British bishop (d. 1732) *

March 7 Events Pre-1600 * 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius. * 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Cobl ...

– Tomaso Antonio Vitali, Italian composer and violinist (d. 1745) * March 16 – Jean-Baptiste Matho, French composer (d. 1743) * March 18 – Johann Martin Steindorff, German composer (d. 1744) *

March 22 Events Pre-1600 * 106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea. * 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century. * 871 – Æthel ...

– August Hermann Francke, German Lutheran clergyman, philanthropist, Biblical scholar (d. 1727) *

March 25 Until 1752 it was the official date of the beginning of the year in England and its dominions (in the Julian calendar). Events Pre-1600 * 410 – The Southern Yan capital of Guanggu falls to the Jin dynasty general Liu Yu, ending th ...

– Félix Le Pelletier de La Houssaye (d. 1723) * March 27 – Johann Andreas Eisenbarth, German surgeon (d. 1727) *

March 28 Events Pre-1600 * AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate. * 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Did ...

– Louis Crato, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken (d. 1713) * March 29 – Harry Mordaunt, British politician (d. 1720) *

April 7 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town. * 529 – First '' Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Em ...

– Filippo II Colonna, Italian noble (d. 1714) * April 10 – Francisco de Berganza, Italian Benedictine monk (d. 1738) *

April 14 Events Pre-1600 * 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum. * 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor ...

– August David zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein, Prussian politician (d. 1735) * April 16 – Alexander Sigismund von der Pfalz-Neuburg, German Catholic bishop (d. 1737) * May 1 – Giacomo Parolini, Italian painter (d. 1733) * May 2 – Joseph de Gallifet, French Jesuit priest (d. 1749) * May 8 – Lord James Murray, Scottish Member of Parliament (d. 1719) * May 17 ** Rosine Elisabeth Menthe, morganatic wife of Duke Rudolf August of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (d. 1701) ** Sir William Glynne, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1721) * May 20 – William Bradford, English-born printer in North America (d. 1752) *

May 25 Events Pre-1600 * 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans. * 240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes ...

– Johann Dientzenhofer, German architect (d. 1726) * May 28 – António Manoel de Vilhena, Portuguese Grand Master of the Order of Saint John (d. 1736) * June 2 – Anne-Marguerite Petit du Noyer, French journalist (d. 1719) * June 8 – Sir William Lowther, 1st Baronet, of Swillington, British politician (d. 1729) * June 24 – Jean Baptiste Massillon, French Catholic bishop, famous preacher (d. 1742) * July 1 – Franz Xaver Murschhauser, German composer and theorist (d. 1738) *

July 11 Events Pre-1600 * 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, abdicates in favor of his general Leo the Armenian, and becomes a monk (under the name Athanasius). * 911 – Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair ...

– James Stuart, Duke of Cambridge, British prince (d. 1667) * July 15 – Sir John Cropley, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1713) * July 26 – Peter Hohmann, Edler of Hohenthal, Leipzig merchant and town councillor, raised to nobility (d. 1732) * August 9 – Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany (d. 1713) * August 18 – Catherine Repond, alleged Swiss witch (d. 1731) * August 24 – Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, fifth patroon in New Netherland (d. 1719) * August 31 – Guillaume Amontons, French scientific instrument inventor and physicist (d. 1705) * September 1 – Jean Boivin the Younger, French writer (d. 1726) * September 16 – Johann Josua Mosengel, German organ builder (d. 1731) * September 20 ** Pirro Albergati, Italian composer (d. 1735) ** Frederick William, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (d. 1735) ** Louis-François Duplessis de Mornay, Catholic bishop of

Quebec Quebec is Canada's List of Canadian provinces and territories by area, largest province by area. Located in Central Canada, the province shares borders with the provinces of Ontario to the west, Newfoundland and Labrador to the northeast, ...

(d. 1741) * September 25 – Johann Nikolaus Hanff, German composer and organist (d. 1711) * September 28 – Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton (d. 1690) * October 3 – Johann Christoph Wichmannshausen, German philosopher (d. 1727) * October 9 ** Francis Xavier Schmalzgrueber, German canon law jurist (d. 1735) ** Giovanni Mario Crescimbeni, Italian critic and poet (d. 1728) * October 15 – Fitton Gerard, 3rd Earl of Macclesfield, English politician, earl (d. 1702) * October 17 – Diego de Astorga y Céspedes, Spanish Catholic cardinal (d. 1734) * October 18 – Prince Eugene of Savoy, Austrian field marshal (d. 1736) * October 23 – Margravine Eleonore Juliane of Brandenburg-Ansbach, duchess by marriage of Württemberg-Winnental (d. 1724) * October 24 – Stephen Delancey, major colonial New York figure (d. 1741) * November 13 – Árni Magnússon, Icelandic scholar and manuscript collector (d. 1730) * November 14 – Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow, German composer (d. 1712) * November 17 – Marie Christine de Pardaillan de Gondrin, eldest legitimate child of Françoise-Athénaïs (d. 1675) *

November 25 Events Pre-1600 *571 BC – Servius Tullius, king of Ancient Rome, Rome, celebrates the first of his three Roman triumph, triumphs for his victory over the Etruscans. *1034 – Máel Coluim II of Scotland, Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, Ki ...

– Jean-Frédéric Osterwald, Swiss Protestant pastor (d. 1747) * November 29 – Sir Thomas Crosse, 1st Baronet, British aristocrat, politician (d. 1738) * November 30 – Andrea Adami da Bolsena, Italian castrato (d. 1742) * December 8 – Nathan Gold, deputy colonial governor of Connecticut (d. 1723) * December 20 – Thomas Wilson, Bishop of Sodor and Man (d. 1755) * December 24 – Ippolita Ludovisi, Princess of Piombino (1701 until her death) (d. 1733) * December 27 – Johann Melchior Roos, German painter (d. 1731) * December 31 – Carl Wilhelm Welser von Neunhof, German merchant, politician (d. 1711) * ''Date unknown'' – ** William King, English poet (d. 1712) ** Delarivier Manley, English author (d. 1724) ** Antonio Zucchelli, Italian Franciscan capuchin friar, explorer and missionary (d. 1716)

Deaths

January 2 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor. * 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Emp ...

– Illiam Dhone, Manx politician (b. 1608) *

January 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will ...

– George Goring, 1st Earl of Norwich, English soldier, politician (b. 1585) *

January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Heraclius Constantine is crowned as co-emperor ('' Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated b ...

– Giancarlo de' Medici, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1611) *

January 29 Events Pre-1600 * 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher. * 946 – Caliph al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Mu'izz al-Dawla, ruler ...

– Robert Sanderson, English theologian and casuist (b. 1587) *

January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. * 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on th ...

– John Spelman, English politician (b. 1606) *

February 19 Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats Roman usurper, usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the w ...

– Adam Adami, German bishop, diplomat (b. 1603) * March 13 – Edward, Count Palatine of Simmern (b. 1625) * March 17 – Jerome Weston, 2nd Earl of Portland, English diplomat and landowner (b. 1605) * March 20 – Biagio Marini, Italian violinist and composer (b. 1594) *

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The Fatimid invasion of Egypt (919–921), second Fatimid invasion of Medieval Egypt, Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, Al-Qa'im (Fa ...

– John Norton, American divine (b. 1606) *

– Francis Cooke, English Mayflower Pilgrim (b. c. 1583) * April 17 – David Questiers, Dutch poet (b. 1623) * April 20 – Kjeld Stub, Danish priest (b. 1607) * April 29 – Princess Margaret Yolande of Savoy, duchess consort of Parma (b. 1635) * May 3 – Johan Björnsson Printz, governor of New Sweden (b. 1592) *

May 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance. * 1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Sp ...

– Johan van Rensselaer, Dutch noble (b. 1625) *

May 11 Events Pre-1600 * 330 – Constantine the Great dedicates the much-expanded and rebuilt city of Byzantium, changing its name to New Rome and declaring it the new capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. *868 – A copy of the Diamond Sūtr ...

– Henri II d'Orléans, Duke of Longueville, Prince of France (b. 1595) * March 20 – Selius Marselis, Dutch/Norwegian tradesman (b. 1600) * May 30 – Jean Guyon, French colonist (b. 1592) * June 4 – William Juxon,

Archbishop of Canterbury The archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and a principal leader of the Church of England, the Primus inter pares, ceremonial head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the bishop of the diocese of Canterbury. The first archbishop ...

(b. 1582) * June 5 – Béatrix de Cusance, Frenc-Comtois noble woman (b. 1614) *

June 20 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius battles Attila the Hun. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats, causing the Romans to interpret it as a victory. * 1180 – First Battle of Uji, startin ...

– Catherine Henriette de Bourbon, French noble (b. 1596) * June 25 – John Bramhall, Archbishop of Armagh, Anglican controversialist (b. 1594) *

June 26 Events Pre-1600 *4 AD, 4 – Augustus adopts Tiberius. * 221 – Roman emperor Elagabalus adopts his cousin Alexander Severus as his heir and receives the title of Caesar (title), Caesar. * 363 – Roman emperor Julian (emperor), J ...

– John Alleyn, Cornish barrister (b. 1621) * July 2 – Thomas Selle, German baroque composer (b. 1599) * July 5 – Samuel Newman, colonial Massachusetts clergyman (b. 1602) * July 7 – Thomas Baltzar, German violinist (b. c. 1631) * July 13 – Sir Thomas Myddelton, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1624) * July 16 –

William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel Wilhelm VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (23 May 1629 – 16 July 1663), known as William the Just, was Landgrave of Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel, Hesse-Kassel from 1637 to 1663. Through two of his surviving children, he is the ancestor of all the ...

(1637–1663) (b. 1629) * July 20 – Samuel Stone, Connecticut Puritan minister (b. 1602) * August 10 – Edward Convers, American settler (b. 1590) * August 26 – Sir John Yonge, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1603) * September 18 – Joseph of Cupertino, Italian saint (b. 1603) * September 20 – Thomas Stucley (MP), English politician (b. 1620) * September 27 ** Christoffer Urne, Governor General of Norway (b. 1593) ** Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (b. 1584) * October 7 – Sophia Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt, Landgravine consort of Hesse-Homburg (b. 1634) * October 13 – Susanna Margarete of Anhalt-Dessau, Princess of Anhalt-Dessau (b. 1610) * October 20 –

Raphael Cotoner Rafael Cotoner y de Oleza (; 1601 – 20 October 1663) was a Spanish knight of Aragon who served as 60th Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller or, as it is already known by that time, the Order of Malta, from 5 June 1660 to his death on 20 ...

, Spanish 60th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b.

1601 This Epoch (reference date)#Computing, epoch is the beginning of the 400-year Gregorian leap-year cycle within which digital files first existed; the last year of any such cycle is the only leap year whose year number is divisible by 100. Jan ...

) * October 31 – Théophile Raynaud, French theologian (b. 1583) * November 24 – Louis IV of Legnica, Duke of Oława and Brzeg (b. 1616) * December 5 – Severo Bonini, Italian composer (b. 1582) * December 17 – Queen Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba (b. c. 1583) * December 21 ** Camillo Astalli, Italian cardinal (b. 1616) ** Thomas Bruce, 1st Earl of Elgin, Scottish nobleman (b. 1599) * December 27 – Christine of France, Duchess of

Savoy Savoy (; )  is a cultural-historical region in the Western Alps. Situated on the cultural boundary between Occitania and Piedmont, the area extends from Lake Geneva in the north to the Dauphiné in the south and west and to the Aosta Vall ...

(b. 1606) * December 28 –

Francesco Maria Grimaldi Francesco Maria Grimaldi (2 April 1618 – 28 December 1663) was an Italian Jesuit priest, mathematician and physicist who taught at the Jesuit college in Bologna. He was born in Bologna to Paride Grimaldi and Anna Cattani. Work Between 164 ...

, Italian mathematician, physicist (b. 1618) * ''date unknown –'' Chiara Varotari, Italian Baroque painter (b. 1584) * ''date unknown –'' Bihari Lal, Indian Poet (b. 1595)

References

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