14-3-3 protein epsilon is a

protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residue (biochemistry), residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including Enzyme catalysis, catalysing metab ...

that in humans is encoded by the ''YWHAE''

gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei ...

Function

This gene product belongs to the

14-3-3 14-3-3 proteins are a family of conserved regulatory molecules that are expressed in all eukaryotic cells. 14-3-3 proteins have the ability to bind a multitude of functionally diverse signaling proteins, including kinases, phosphatases, and tran ...

family of proteins which mediate

signal transduction Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a biochemical cascade, series of molecular events. Proteins responsible for detecting stimuli are generally termed receptor (biology), rece ...

by binding to

phosphoserine Phosphoserine (abbreviated as SEP or J) is an ester of serine and phosphoric acid. Phosphoserine is a component of many proteins as the result of posttranslational modifications. The phosphorylation of the alcohol functional group in serine to pro ...

-containing proteins. This highly conserved protein family is found in both plants and mammals, and this protein is 100% identical to the mouse ortholog. It interacts with CDC25 phosphatases,

RAF1 RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase, also known as proto-oncogene c-RAF or simply c-Raf or even Raf-1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''RAF1'' gene. The c-Raf protein is part of the ERK1/2 pathway as a MAP kinase ( ...

and IRS1 proteins, suggesting its role in diverse biochemical activities related to signal transduction, such as cell division and regulation of

insulin sensitivity Insulin resistance (IR) is a pathological response in which cells in insulin-sensitive tissues in the body fail to respond normally to the hormone insulin or downregulate insulin receptors in response to hyperinsulinemia. Insulin is a hormone ...

. It has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of

small cell lung cancer Small-cell carcinoma, also known as oat cell carcinoma, is a type of highly malignant cancer that most commonly arises within the lung, although it can occasionally arise in other body sites, such as the cervix, prostate, and gastrointestinal tr ...

, and microdeletions associated with

Miller–Dieker syndrome Miller–Dieker syndrome, also called Miller–Dieker lissencephaly syndrome (MDLS) or chromosome 17p13.3 deletion syndrome, is a micro deletion syndrome characterized by congenital malformations. Congenital malformations are physical defects det ...

Interactions

YWHAE has been shown to

interact Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization advocating for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organization was founded in 2006 and fo ...

with: *

C-Raf RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase, also known as proto-oncogene c-RAF or simply c-Raf or even Raf-1, is an enzyme that in humans is genetic code, encoded by the ''RAF1'' gene. The c-Raf protein is part of the MAPK/ERK pathway, E ...

, *

CDC25B M-phase inducer phosphatase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''CDC25B'' gene. CDC25B is a member of the CDC25 family of phosphatases. CDC25B activates the cyclin dependent kinase CDC2 by removing two phosphate groups and it is req ...

, *

HDAC4 Histone deacetylase 4, also known as HDAC4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''HDAC4'' gene. Function Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation ...

, *

HERG hERG (the human '' Ether-à-go-go''-Related Gene) is a gene () that codes for a protein known as Kv11.1, the alpha subunit of a potassium ion channel. This ion channel (sometimes simply denoted as 'hERG') is best known for its contribution t ...

, *

IRS1 Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) is a signaling adapter protein that in humans is encoded by the ''IRS1'' gene. It is a 180 kDa protein with amino acid sequence of 1242 residues. It contains a single pleckstrin homology (PH) domain at the N-t ...

and *

IGF1R The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor is a protein found on the surface of human cells. It is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by a hormone called insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and by a related hormone called IGF-2. ...

, *

MAP3K3 Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MAP3K3'' gene, which is located on the long arm of chromosome 17 (17q23.3).MAP3K3 in GeneCards – The Human Gene Compendium. https://www.genecards. ...

, *

NDEL1 Nuclear distribution protein nudE-like 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NDEL1'' gene. It plays a significant role in intracellular transport and the process of Cell division, cellular division via regulation of the dynein motor p ...

, *

NGFRAP1 Protein BEX3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NGFRAP1'' gene. Interactions NGFRAP1 has been shown to interact with YWHAE and Low affinity nerve growth factor receptor The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) was first identifie ...

, and *

TGF beta 1 Transforming growth factor beta 1 or TGF-β1 is a polypeptide member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily of cytokines. It is a secreted protein that performs many cellular functions, including the control of cell growth, cell prol ...

Function

Interactions

See also

References

Further reading