HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Year 1225 ( MCCXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the
Julian calendar The Julian calendar is a solar calendar of 365 days in every year with an additional leap day every fourth year (without exception). The Julian calendar is still used as a religious calendar in parts of the Eastern Orthodox Church and in parts ...
.


Events


By place


Mongol Empire

* Autumn –
Subutai Subutai (c. 1175–1248) was a Mongol general and the primary military strategist of Genghis Khan and Ögedei Khan. He ultimately directed more than 20 campaigns, during which he conquered more territory than any other commander in history a ...
is assigned a new campaign by
Genghis Khan Genghis Khan (born Temüjin; August 1227), also known as Chinggis Khan, was the founder and first khan (title), khan of the Mongol Empire. After spending most of his life uniting the Mongols, Mongol tribes, he launched Mongol invasions and ...
against the Tanguts. He crosses the Gobi Desert with a Mongol army and advances south into the Western Xia (or Xi Xia). Meanwhile, Genghis, in his mid-sixties, becomes wounded during hunting. His injury – a dislocated shoulder, perhaps, or a bruised rib – forces him to take some rest. * Iltutmish, Ghurid ruler of the
Delhi Sultanate The Delhi Sultanate or the Sultanate of Delhi was a Medieval India, late medieval empire primarily based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for more than three centuries.
, repels a Mongol attack and invades
Bengal Bengal ( ) is a Historical geography, historical geographical, ethnolinguistic and cultural term referring to a region in the Eastern South Asia, eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal. The region of Benga ...
. His rival, Ghiyasuddin, leads an army to halt Iltutmish's advance, but decides to avoid a conflict by paying him tribute and accepting his suzerainty.


Europe

* July 25 – Emperor Frederick II takes an oath at San Germano (near Cassino) and promises to depart on a Crusade (the Sixth Crusade), for the
Near East The Near East () is a transcontinental region around the Eastern Mediterranean encompassing the historical Fertile Crescent, the Levant, Anatolia, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and coastal areas of the Arabian Peninsula. The term was invented in the 20th ...
in August 1227. He sends 1000 knights to the Levant and provides
Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...
with 100,000 ounces of gold, to be forfeited to the
Catholic Church The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...
should he break his vow. These funds will be returned to Frederick once he arrives at
Acre The acre ( ) is a Unit of measurement, unit of land area used in the Imperial units, British imperial and the United States customary units#Area, United States customary systems. It is traditionally defined as the area of one Chain (unit), ch ...
. * November 9 – Frederick II marries the 14-year-old Queen Yolande, heiress to the kingdom of
Jerusalem Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. It is one of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest cities in the world, and ...
, and adds the Crusader States to his dominions. * November 29 – The 12-year-old Henry VII, by order of his father Frederick II, marries Margaret of Austria, daughter of Duke Leopold VI (the Glorious). * The Teutonic Knights are expelled from
Transylvania Transylvania ( or ; ; or ; Transylvanian Saxon dialect, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Siweberjen'') is a List of historical regions of Central Europe, historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and ...
by King Andrew II, because they wanted to separate from
Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...
.


England

*
February 11 Events Pre-1600 * 660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman Empire, on the eve of his comin ...
– The Charter of the Forest is restored to its traditional rights by King Henry III. 'Free men' are allowed to find pasture for their pigs, collect firewood, graze animals, or cut turf for fuel. At this time, however, only about 10 percent of the population is 'free', the rest are locked into service to a local landowner, some of them little more than slaves. * The
Magna Carta (Medieval Latin for "Great Charter"), sometimes spelled Magna Charta, is a royal charter of rights agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215. First drafted by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Cardin ...
is reaffirmed (for the third time) by Henry III, in return for issuing a property tax. It becomes the definitive version of the text.


Middle East

* Summer – Battle of Garni: Khwarezmid forces led by Jalal al-Din Mangburni defeat the Georgian army (some 70,000 men) at
Garni Garni (), is a major village in the Kotayk Province of Armenia. It is known for the nearby Garni Temple, classical temple. As of the 2011 census, the population of the village is 6,910. History The settlement is best known for the Hellenistic ...
. The royal court of Queen Rusudan moves to
Kutaisi Kutaisi ( ; ka, ქუთაისი ) is a city in the Imereti region of the Georgia (country), Republic of Georgia. One of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, it is the List o ...
, while the Georgian capital Tbilisi is besieged by the Khwarezmians. * July 25 – Jalal al-Din Mangburni dethrones Muzaffar al-Din Uzbek, ruler ('' atabeg'') of the Eldiguzids, and sets himself up in the capital of Tabriz (modern
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...
). * October 5 – Caliph Al-Nasir dies from dysentery at
Baghdad Baghdad ( or ; , ) is the capital and List of largest cities of Iraq, largest city of Iraq, located along the Tigris in the central part of the country. With a population exceeding 7 million, it ranks among the List of largest cities in the A ...
after a 45-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Al-Zahir as ruler of the Abbasid Caliphate.


Levant

* The 8-year-old Henry I (the Fat) is crowned as king of
Cyprus Cyprus (), officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Situated in West Asia, its cultural identity and geopolitical orientation are overwhelmingly Southeast European. Cyprus is the List of isl ...
in the Cathedral of Saint Sophia at Nicosia. His uncle Philip of Ibelin orders the coronation, so that when Henry comes of age at fifteen a regency could not be prolonged on the ground that he is not yet crowned.


Asia

* December 31Lý Chiêu Hoàng, only empress regnant in the history of Vietnam, marries
Trần Thái Tông Trần Thái Tông (17 July 1218 – 5 May 1277), Vietnamese name, personal name Trần Cảnh or Trần Nhật Cảnh, temple name Thái Tông, was the first emperor of the Trần dynasty, reigned Đại Việt for 33 years (1226–58), being R ...
, making him the first ruler of the Trần dynasty.


By topic


Religion

*
May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. * 1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of ...
Gerold of Lausanne, French bishop of Valence, becomes the new Latin patriarch of
Jerusalem Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. It is one of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest cities in the world, and ...
(until 1239). * June 10Pope Honorius III issues the bull Vineae Domini custodes in which he approves the mission of two friars to Morocco. The bull is reissued in October when Honorius III exhorts the Dominican and
Franciscan order The Franciscans are a group of related organizations in the Catholic Church, founded or inspired by the Italian saint Francis of Assisi. They include three independent Religious institute, religious orders for men (the Order of Friars Minor bei ...
to participate in that mission. * July 27Visby Cathedral in
Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...
is consecrated.


Births

* Amato Ronconi, Italian nobleman and monk (d. 1292) * Beatrice of Bohemia, German noblewoman (d. 1290) * Beatrice of Brabant, countess of
Flanders Flanders ( or ; ) is the Dutch language, Dutch-speaking northern portion of Belgium and one of the communities, regions and language areas of Belgium. However, there are several overlapping definitions, including ones related to culture, la ...
(d. 1288) * Chabi, Mongol empress and wife of Kublai Khan (d. 1281) * David VI Narin (the Clever), king of Georgia (d. 1293) * Franciscus Accursius, Italian lawyer and jurist (d. 1293) * Fujiwara no Kitsushi, Japanese empress (d. 1292) * Gaston VII (Froissard), viscount of Béarn (d. 1290) * Guido Guinizelli, Italian poet and writer (d. 1276) * Guigues VII, ruler ('' dauphin'') of Viennois (d. 1269) * Saionji Kisshi, Japanese empress consort (d. 1292) * Sanchia of Provence, queen of
Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...
(d. 1261) *
Thomas Aquinas Thomas Aquinas ( ; ; – 7 March 1274) was an Italian Dominican Order, Dominican friar and Catholic priest, priest, the foremost Scholasticism, Scholastic thinker, as well as one of the most influential philosophers and theologians in the W ...
, Italian friar and theologian (d. 1274) * Todros ben Joseph Abulafia, Spanish
rabbi A rabbi (; ) is a spiritual leader or religious teacher in Judaism. One becomes a rabbi by being ordained by another rabbi—known as ''semikha''—following a course of study of Jewish history and texts such as the Talmud. The basic form of t ...
(d. 1285) * Walter Giffard, English Lord Chancellor (d. 1279)


Deaths

*
January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...
Adolf III of Holstein, German nobleman (b. 1160) * February 18Hugh Bigod, English nobleman (b. 1182) * March 30Gertrude of Dagsburg, French noblewoman *
May 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance. * 1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Sp ...
John of Fountains, English
prelate A prelate () is a high-ranking member of the Minister (Christianity), Christian clergy who is an Ordinary (church officer), ordinary or who ranks in precedence with ordinaries. The word derives from the Latin , the past participle of , which me ...
and bishop * June 8Sabrisho IV, patriarch of the Church of the East * June 21Conrad of Krosigk, German prelate and bishop * July 16Ōe no Hiromoto, Japanese nobleman (b. 1148) * August 16Hōjō Masako, Japanese noblewoman (b. 1156) * August 24Adelardo Cattaneo, Italian cardinal and bishop * September 16Rainier of Antioch, Latin cleric and patriarch * September 17William VI, marquis of Montferrat (b. 1173) * September 29
Arnaud Amalric Arnaud Amalric (; died 1225), also known as Arnaud Amaury, was a Cistercians, Cistercian abbot who played a prominent role in the Albigensian Crusade. It is purported that prior to the Massacre at Béziers, massacre of Béziers, Amalric, when aske ...
, French
abbot Abbot is an ecclesiastical title given to the head of an independent monastery for men in various Western Christian traditions. The name is derived from ''abba'', the Aramaic form of the Hebrew ''ab'', and means "father". The female equivale ...
and bishop * October 5Al-Nasir, caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate (b. 1158) * October 28Jien, Japanese poet and historian (b. 1155) * November 7Engelbert II of Berg, archbishop of
Cologne Cologne ( ; ; ) is the largest city of the States of Germany, German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the List of cities in Germany by population, fourth-most populous city of Germany with nearly 1.1 million inhabitants in the city pr ...
* Ahmad al-Buni, Almohad mathematician and
Sufi Sufism ( or ) is a mysticism, mystic body of religious practice found within Islam which is characterized by a focus on Islamic Tazkiyah, purification, spirituality, ritualism, and Asceticism#Islam, asceticism. Practitioners of Sufism are r ...
writer * Al-Afdal ibn Salah ad-Din, ruler of
Damascus Damascus ( , ; ) is the capital and List of largest cities in the Levant region by population, largest city of Syria. It is the oldest capital in the world and, according to some, the fourth Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. Kno ...
(b. 1169) * Bernard Itier, French librarian and chronicler (b. 1163) * Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi, German rabbi and writer (b. 1140) * Geoffrey de Neville, English nobleman and
seneschal The word ''seneschal'' () can have several different meanings, all of which reflect certain types of supervising or administering in a historic context. Most commonly, a seneschal was a senior position filled by a court appointment within a royal, ...
* Ghabdula Chelbir (or Chelbir), ruler of Volga Bulgaria * Ivane of Akhaltsikhe, Georgian nobleman and courtier * Lamberto Visconti di Eldizio, Sardinian ruler of Gallura * Margaret of Louvain, Flemish servant and saint (b. 1207) * Muzaffar al-Din Uzbek, ruler ('' atabeg'') of the Eldiguzids * Urso of Calabria, Italian scholar, philosopher and writer * William the Breton, French chronicler (approximate date) * Zhao Hong, Chinese prince and
heir apparent An heir apparent is a person who is first in the order of succession and cannot be displaced from inheriting by the birth of another person. A person who is first in the current order of succession but could be displaced by the birth of a more e ...
(b. 1207)


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:1225