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Battle Of Garni
The Battle of Garni (, ) was fought in 1225 near Garni, in modern day Armenia, then part of the Kingdom of Georgia. The invading Khwarazmian Empire was led by Jalal al-Din Mangburni, its last Sultan, who had been driven from his realm by the Mongol Empire and was trying to recapture lost territories. The battle ended with a Khwarezmid victory and is marked as a disastrous event in Georgian history due to betrayal. As a result, the royal court of Georgian Queen Rusudan (1223–1245) moved to Kutaisi and the country was exposed to subsequent looting during the Mongol invasions of Georgia. Prelude Jalal al-Din Mangburni sent an abasement letter to Queen Rusudan demanding subordination of Georgia under his rule. At the same time, he assembled a huge military force, asking for troops from his allies and nobles across the empire. The purpose was to completely crush the Kingdom of Georgia and take all its dominions successfully ceding its existence. The Georgian court and leadership ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jalal Al-Din's Invasions Of Georgia
Jalal (Arabic: جلال) is a masculine given or family name. The name or word Jalal means majesty and is used to honor and venerate. When the Arabic language spread across non-Arabic regions, Jalal has also become a name for some Arabic-speaking Christians, non-Arab Muslims, and non-Arabs and has been added to other language dictionaries with the majestic meaning. Another form is Galal (typically seen in the Egyptian Dialect), where the first letter " ج" is pronounced like hard g /''g''/ in English. Galal might have other meanings in different languages. Examples The word Jalal could be found in many history, art, religious, and poetry books. For example: * Jalal is used as a characteristic when addressing royals like kings and lords in history, myth, and formal occasion. * Jalál the second month and the Saturday as a first day of the week in the Bahá’í calendar. * In the Bible, Jalal is used as a veneration for God in Psalms (111:3), (145:5), etc., Isaiah (26:10), ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akhaltsikheli
Akhaltsikheli ( ka, ახალციხელი; pl. ''Akhaltsikhelebi'', ახალციხელები) were a Georgian noble family prominent in the end of the 12th to the mid-13th centuries. Their name came from the city of Akhaltsikhe, their original fiefdom. They branched out from the Toreli ducal family towards the end of the 12th century and through loyal service to the Georgian crown acquired more lands including those ruled by their kinsmen from the Toreli house. As a result of the Khwarezmian and Mongol invasions, the family declined, lost their possessions to other noble families, and virtually became extinct by the end of the 13th century. The most prominent of them were: * Shalva Akhaltsikheli * Ivane Akhaltsikheli (died 1225), Shalva's brother, prominent military commander who was appointed governor general of Kars in 1205/1206 and granted the titles of Atabek and Amira. He was killed by the Khwarezmians in the Battle of Garni. * Pharadavla Akhalt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
13th Century In The Kingdom Of Georgia
In music or music theory, a thirteenth is the Musical note, note thirteen scale degrees from the root (chord), root of a chord (music), chord and also the interval (music), interval between the root and the thirteenth. The thirteenth is most commonly major or minor . A thirteenth chord is the stacking of six (major third, major or minor third, minor) thirds, the last being above the 11th of an eleventh chord. Thus a thirteenth chord is a tertian (built from thirds) chord containing the interval of a thirteenth, and is an extended chord if it includes the ninth and/or the eleventh. "The jazzy thirteenth is a very versatile chord and is used in many genres." Since 13th chords tend to become unclear or confused with other chords when Inverted chord, inverted, they are generally found in root position. For example, depending on voicing (music), voicing, a major triad with an added major sixth (chord), sixth is usually called a sixth chord , because the sixth serves as a sub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1225 In Europe
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It is the first and smallest positive integer of the infinite sequence of natural numbers. This fundamental property has led to its unique uses in other fields, ranging from science to sports, where it commonly denotes the first, leading, or top thing in a group. 1 is the unit of counting or measurement, a determiner for singular nouns, and a gender-neutral pronoun. Historically, the representation of 1 evolved from ancient Sumerian and Babylonian symbols to the modern Arabic numeral. In mathematics, 1 is the multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number. In digital technology, 1 represents the "on" state in binary code, the foundation of computing. Philosophically, 1 symbolizes the ultimate reality or source of existence in various traditions. In mathematics The number 1 is the first natural number after 0. Each natural number, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conflicts In 1225
Conflict may refer to: Social sciences * Conflict (process), the general pattern of groups dealing with disparate ideas * Conflict continuum from cooperation (low intensity), to contest, to higher intensity (violence and war) * Conflict of interest, involvement in multiple interests which could possibly corrupt the motivation or decision-making * Cultural conflict, a type of conflict that occurs when different cultural values and beliefs clash * Ethnic conflict, a conflict between two or more contending ethnic groups * Group conflict, conflict between groups * Intragroup conflict, conflict within groups * Organizational conflict, discord caused by opposition of needs, values, and interests between people working together * Role conflict, incompatible demands placed upon a person such that compliance with both would be difficult * Social conflict, the struggle for agency or power in something * Work–family conflict, incompatible demands between the work and family roles of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battles Of The Middle Ages
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force commitment. An engagement with only limited commitment between the forces and without decisive results is sometimes called a skirmish. The word "battle" can also be used infrequently to refer to an entire operational campaign, although this usage greatly diverges from its conventional or customary meaning. Generally, the word "battle" is used for such campaigns if referring to a protracted combat encounter in which either one or both of the combatants had the same methods, resources, and strategic objectives throughout the encounter. Some prominent examples of this would be the Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of Britain, and the Battle of France, all in World War II. Wars and military campaigns are guided by military strategy, whereas b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battles Involving The Kingdom Of Georgia
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force commitment. An engagement with only limited commitment between the forces and without decisive results is sometimes called a skirmish. The word "battle" can also be used infrequently to refer to an entire operational campaign, although this usage greatly diverges from its conventional or customary meaning. Generally, the word "battle" is used for such campaigns if referring to a protracted combat encounter in which either one or both of the combatants had the same methods, resources, and strategic objectives throughout the encounter. Some prominent examples of this would be the Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of Britain, and the Battle of France, all in World War II. Wars and military campaigns are guided by military strategy, whereas batt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenian Review
''The Armenian Review'' is an academic journal that has been published in Watertown, Massachusetts, since 1948. It publishes articles on topics related to Armenia and Armenians Armenians (, ) are an ethnic group indigenous to the Armenian highlands of West Asia.Robert Hewsen, Hewsen, Robert H. "The Geography of Armenia" in ''The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiq ..., and articles dealing with other themes and countries that use a comparative approach or help to comprehend the Armenian experience. At times Armenian Review was published on a quarterly basis, but it has been irregular and sporadic during most of the 1990s and early 2000s (decade). Since 2008 the Armenian Review has published 4 issues. It is currently published twice a year in May and in November. References External links * Armenian-American culture in Massachusetts Academic journals established in 1948 1948 establishments in Massachusetts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hundred Thousand Martyrs Of Tbilisi
The Hundred Thousand Martyrs ( ka, ასი ათასი მოწამე, tr; originally, ათნი ბევრნი მოწამენი, ''at'ni bevrni mots'ameni'') are saints of the Georgian Orthodox Church, who were put to death, according to the 14th-century anonymous Georgian ''Chronicle of a Hundred Years'', for not renouncing Christianity by the Khwarazmian sultan Jalal al-Din upon his capture of the Georgian capital of Tbilisi in 1226. The source claims the number of those killed were 100,000. The Georgian church commemorates them on 13 November ( O.S. 31 October).Machitadze, Archpriest Zakaria (2006)"The Hundred Thousands Martyrs of Tbilisi (†1227)" i''The Lives of the Georgian Saints''. ''pravoslavie.ru''. Retrieved on 2012-11-13. History Jalal al-Din's first encounter with the Kingdom of Georgia occurred in 1225, when his army inflicted a crushing defeat on the Georgians at the Battle of Garni, bringing about the end of Georgia's medieval heyday ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shalva Akhaltsikheli
Shalva Akhaltsikheli ( ka, შალვა თორელი-ახალციხელი) (died 1227) was a Georgian military commander and court official in the Kingdom of Georgia. He held the offices of ''Mechurchletukhutsesi'' (Lord High Treasurer) and '' Mandaturtukhutsesi'' (Lord High Mandator). A member of the noble House of Toreli-Akhaltsikheli, he was also the Duke (''Eristavi'') of Akhalkalaki. Biography Together with his brother Ivane, Shalva was in command of vanguard traditionally composed of the Meskhetian troops from south Georgia. In the battle of Shamkor against the Eldiguzids in 1195, he captured a war banner sent by the Caliph to the Muslim army which was then donated to the revered icon of Our Lady of Khakhuli. Local Meskhetian forces under Shalva Akhaltsikheli, Ivane Akhaltsikheli and Sargis Tmogveli had been blockading Kars intermittently for some years, and Queen Tamar decided to send a special army under David Soslan and brothers Zakare and Iva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
