⊿ (Perfume Album)
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''Triangle'' (published as ''⊿'') is the second studio album by Japanese girl group
Perfume Perfume (, ) is a mixture of fragrance, fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds (fragrances), Fixative (perfumery), fixatives and solvents, usually in liquid form, used to give the human body, animals, food, objects, and living-spaces an agre ...
. It was released on July 8, 2009, through
Tokuma Japan is a publisher in Japan, headquartered in Shinagawa, Tokyo. The company was established in 1954 by Yasuyoshi Tokuma in Minato, Tokyo. The company's product portfolio includes music publishing, video game publishing, movies, anime, magazines, man ...
. ''Triangle'' builds upon the breakthrough success of their previous album ''
Game A game is a structured type of play usually undertaken for entertainment or fun, and sometimes used as an educational tool. Many games are also considered to be work (such as professional players of spectator sports or video games) or art ...
'' (2008), with
Yasutaka Nakata is a Japanese music producer and DJ. He formed the group capsule (band), capsule in 1997 with vocalist Toshiko Koshijima and himself as composer and record producer. The group debuted in 2001 with the song "Sakura". He is known for being the ...
returning as executive producer. Primarily an
electropop Electropop is a popular music fusion genre combining elements of the electronic and pop styles. It has been described as a variant of synth-pop with emphasis on a hard electronic sound. The genre was developed in the 1980s and saw a rev ...
record, ''Triangle'' takes influence from
1980s File:1980s replacement montage02.PNG, 335px, From left, clockwise: The first Space Shuttle, ''Space Shuttle Columbia, Columbia'', lifts off in 1981; US president Ronald Reagan and Soviet Union, Soviet General Secretary of the Communist Party of ...
and
1990s music Popular music in the 1990s saw the continuation of teen pop and dance-pop trends which had emerged in the 1970s and 1980s. Furthermore, hip hop grew and continued to be highly successful in the decade, with the continuation of the genre's g ...
, with traces of
disco Disco is a music genre, genre of dance music and a subculture that emerged in the late 1960s from the United States' urban nightclub, nightlife, particularly in African Americans, African-American, Italian-Americans, Italian-American, LGBTQ ...
and
house A house is a single-unit residential building. It may range in complexity from a rudimentary hut to a complex structure of wood, masonry, concrete or other material, outfitted with plumbing, electrical, and heating, ventilation, and air c ...
. Its lyrical themes revolve around
love Love is a feeling of strong attraction and emotional attachment (psychology), attachment to a person, animal, or thing. It is expressed in many forms, encompassing a range of strong and positive emotional and mental states, from the most su ...
and
courage Courage (also called bravery, valour ( British and Commonwealth English), or valor (American English)) is the choice and willingness to confront agony, pain, danger, uncertainty, or intimidation. Valor is courage or bravery, especially in ...
, particularly from a woman's perspective. ''Triangle'' received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised Perfume and Nakata on expanding their sonic identity, though some criticized its vocal processing. It was preceded by the singles "
Love the World "Love the World" (stylized as "love the world") is Perfume's 7th major single. It was released on July 9, 2008 and debuted at number one on the Oricon , established in 1999, is the holding company at the head of a Japanese corporate group ...
", "
Dream Fighter "Dream Fighter" is the 8th major single recorded by Japanese girl group Perfume for their second studio album, ''Triangle'' (2009). It was written, composed, arranged and produced by the Japanese musician and Capsule member Yasutaka Nakata. The si ...
", and "
One Room Disco is the ninth major single by Japanese band Perfume. It was released on March 25, 2009 as a CD-only version and CD+DVD version. The single reached number one on the Oricon weekly chart on April 6. The limited edition CD+DVD version included a form ...
", with the former becoming their first number one on the ''
Oricon , established in 1999, is the holding company at the head of a Japanese corporate group that supplies statistics Statistics (from German language, German: ', "description of a State (polity), state, a country") is the discipline that ...
'' chart. ''Triangle'' itself was a commercial success, becoming their second chart-topping album and receiving a platinum certification from the RIAJ. Perfume embarked on their second nationwide tour shortly after its release.


Background and recording

Perfume saw breakthrough success with their 2007 single "
Polyrhythm Polyrhythm () is the simultaneous use of two or more rhythms that are not readily perceived as deriving from one another, or as simple manifestations of the same meter. The rhythmic layers may be the basis of an entire piece of music (cross-rh ...
", which led to its parent album ''
Game A game is a structured type of play usually undertaken for entertainment or fun, and sometimes used as an educational tool. Many games are also considered to be work (such as professional players of spectator sports or video games) or art ...
'' (2008) becoming the group's first chart-topper. Work on their second studio album had already begun by July 2008, as they released their ninth major label single "
Love the World "Love the World" (stylized as "love the world") is Perfume's 7th major single. It was released on July 9, 2008 and debuted at number one on the Oricon , established in 1999, is the holding company at the head of a Japanese corporate group ...
". Perfume announced an upcoming, untitled album at the group's ''Disco! Disco! Disco!'' concert on May 10, 2009. They notably performed "Night Flight", then unreleased, which was being aired in Morinaga ice cream commercials starring the group. As executive producer, Yasutaka Nakata returned as the album's sole composer, arranger and lyricist. Member Kashiyuka commented that she was delighted with the recording process as it featured material differing from their previous output, in particular the largely instrumental and plainly-spoken songs of "Take Off" and "Speed of Sound": "I could never have imagined
hat A hat is a Headgear, head covering which is worn for various reasons, including protection against weather conditions, ceremonial reasons such as university graduation, religious reasons, safety, or as a fashion accessory. Hats which incorpor ...
from Perfume before. ..But I was really happy and thought, 'Oh, I can do something new like that with Perfume.'" In an interview with ''
Rockin'On Japan ''Rockin'On Japan'', often stylized in all caps, is a monthly magazine that covers the Japanese music scene and various cultural events in Japan, such as art venues and culinary expos. History The magazine was founded in 1972, and focused on prov ...
'', Kashiyuka was happy at the idea that Nakata no longer felt compelled to create conventional
idol Idol or Idols may refer to: Religion and philosophy * Cult image, a human-made object that is venerated or worshipped for the deity, spirit or daemon that it embodies or represents * Murti, a devotional image of a deity or saint used during puja ...
music for Perfume and could now experiment with their sound, closer in vein to his work with Capsule. A-chan expressed ambivalence at the notion of Perfume's music putting production over performance, but ultimately decided that it wasn't the case as long as Perfume continued to combine their three voices. A-chan's comments attracted controversy as some perceived it to be critical of Nakata, leading their agency Amuse to release a statement saying they were taken out of context. In sessions for prior albums, Nakata asked the members to sing "coldly" or with "less emotion", however, Nocchi noted a slight ''
kayōkyoku is a Japanese pop music genre, which became a base of modern J-pop. ''The Japan Times'' described ''kayōkyoku'' as "standard Japanese pop" or "Shōwa period, Shōwa-era pop". ''Kayōkyoku'' represents a blend of Western and Japanese musical s ...
'' influence to Perfume's vocals on ''Triangle'' as Nakata sang with a "unique quirk" on the
demos Demos may refer to: Computing * DEMOS, a Soviet Unix-like operating system * DEMOS (ISP), the first internet service provider in the USSR * Demos Commander, an Orthodox File Manager for Unix-like systems * Plural for Demo (computer programming ...
. An interviewer for ''Barks'' asked if A-chan gained more confidence in her singing, to which she replied, "
n the past N, or n, is the fourteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages, and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''en'' (pronounced ), plural ''ens''. History ...
I didn't enjoy recording at all. It sometimes made me feel sad when I felt like I had to "sing exactly how I was told," ..or that I was only seen as an instrument. But this time I thought I'd have fun ..I thought I'd sing it the way I like." She recorded her parts for "Zero Gravity" and "Kiss and Music" with her natural inflections.


Composition

''Triangle'' is a continued exploration into Perfume’s
electropop Electropop is a popular music fusion genre combining elements of the electronic and pop styles. It has been described as a variant of synth-pop with emphasis on a hard electronic sound. The genre was developed in the 1980s and saw a rev ...
sound. It is a relative departure from ''Game'', moving from the latter’s club-heavy direction and instead showcasing various
electronic Electronic may refer to: *Electronics, the science of how to control electric energy in semiconductors * ''Electronics'' (magazine), a defunct American trade journal *Electronic storage, the storage of data using an electronic device *Electronic c ...
styles—
disco Disco is a music genre, genre of dance music and a subculture that emerged in the late 1960s from the United States' urban nightclub, nightlife, particularly in African Americans, African-American, Italian-Americans, Italian-American, LGBTQ ...
, blog house and Japanese
technopop Synth-pop (short for synthesizer pop; also called techno-pop; ) is a music genre that first became prominent in the late 1970s and features the synthesizer as the dominant musical instrument. It was prefigured in the 1960s and early 1970s b ...
among them. Many writers considered the sonic palette of ''Triangle'' to be more eclectic and varied, with ''All About'' distinguishing it as "
herbivorous A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically evolved to feed on plants, especially upon vascular tissues such as foliage, fruits or seeds, as the main component of its diet. These more broadly also encompass animals that eat n ...
" compared to its predecessor. Some considered it to have a loose
aviation Aviation includes the activities surrounding mechanical flight and the aircraft industry. ''Aircraft'' include fixed-wing and rotary-wing types, morphable wings, wing-less lifting bodies, as well as lighter-than-air aircraft such as h ...
theme, which member Nocchi noted as a recurring motif. Ian Martin of ''
The Japan Times ''The Japan Times'' is Japan's largest and oldest English-language daily newspaper. It is published by , a subsidiary of News2u Holdings, Inc. It is headquartered in the in Kioicho, Chiyoda, Tokyo. History ''The Japan Times'' was launched by ...
'' described the album as having an "air of glacial cool". The album opener, "Take Off", is a
breakbeat Breakbeat is a broad type of electronic music that uses drum breaks, often sampled from early recordings of funk, jazz, and R&B. Breakbeats have been used in styles such as Florida breaks, hip-hop, jungle, drum and bass, big beat, breakbeat ...
intro featuring the members counting down from eight to zero in English. Its overlapping synth
arpeggios An arpeggio () is a type of chord in which the notes that compose a chord are individually sounded in a progressive rising or descending order. Arpeggios on keyboard instruments may be called rolled chords. Arpeggios may include all notes ...
are reminiscent of
Yoshinori Sunahara is a Japanese record producer and DJ from Sapporo, Hokkaido. He is a former member of Denki Groove. He was also a member of Metafive. Discography Studio albums * ''Crossover (Yoshinori Sunahara album), Crossover'' (1995) * ''Take Off and Landi ...
's album ''The Sound of ’70s'' (1998), with other comparisons to Nakata's work for the ''Liar Game'' film. It lasts for 48 seconds before leading into the pure
pop Pop or POP may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * Pop music, a musical genre Artists * POP, a Japanese idol group now known as Gang Parade * Pop! (British group), a UK pop group * Pop! featuring Angie Hart, an Australian band Album ...
of "
Love the World "Love the World" (stylized as "love the world") is Perfume's 7th major single. It was released on July 9, 2008 and debuted at number one on the Oricon , established in 1999, is the holding company at the head of a Japanese corporate group ...
" and "
Dream Fighter "Dream Fighter" is the 8th major single recorded by Japanese girl group Perfume for their second studio album, ''Triangle'' (2009). It was written, composed, arranged and produced by the Japanese musician and Capsule member Yasutaka Nakata. The si ...
". The fourth track, "Edge (Triangle Mix)", is the longest on the album, clocking in at 8 minutes and 43 seconds. Featuring an aggressive, "sharply-arranged" electro production, A-chan described it as having "a sense of challenge", while Nocchi said that it is about "living your limited time to the fullest". The song was called "
Ed Banger Ed Banger Records (sometimes referred to as Ed Rec) is a French electronic music record label founded by Pedro Winter in 2003 as a division of Headbangers Entertainment. It focuses on house music, particularly French house, as well as alternati ...
dancefloor nihilism" by Patrick St. Michel of ''The Japan Times''. "Night Flight" is styled after 1980s technopop in the vein of
Yellow Magic Orchestra Yellow Magic Orchestra (abbreviated to YMO) was a Japanese electronic music band formed in Tokyo in 1978 by Haruomi Hosono (bass, keyboards, vocals), Yukihiro Takahashi (drums, lead vocals, occasional keyboards) and Ryuichi Sakamoto (keyboards, ...
. It invokes "Absolute Ego Dance" and "Rydeen" from the band's album ''
Solid State Survivor ''Solid State Survivor'' is the second album by Japanese electronic music band Yellow Magic Orchestra, released in 1979. Later, ''Solid State Survivor'' was released in 1982 in the UK on LP and cassette, also in 1992 in the United States on CD, b ...
'' (1979). The song draws from
8-bit In computer architecture, 8-bit integers or other data units are those that are 8 bits wide (1 octet). Also, 8-bit central processing unit (CPU) and arithmetic logic unit (ALU) architectures are those that are based on registers or data bu ...
, disco, and
electroclash Electroclash (also known as synthcore, retro-electro, tech-pop, nouveau disco, and the new new wave) is a Music genre, genre of popular music that fuses 1980s Electro (music), electro, New wave music, new wave and synth-pop with 1990s techno, re ...
, and uses an
aviation Aviation includes the activities surrounding mechanical flight and the aircraft industry. ''Aircraft'' include fixed-wing and rotary-wing types, morphable wings, wing-less lifting bodies, as well as lighter-than-air aircraft such as h ...
motif in its description of love. ''Triangle'''s midsection is described as being "a little darker" in " xudinga chic mood". "Kiss and Music" is R&B and
electro-funk Electro (also known as electro-funk, and sometimes referred to as electro-pop)
Gl ...
, with elements of breakbeat and
downtempo Downtempo (or downbeat) is a broad label for electronic music that features an atmospheric sound and slower beats than would typically be found in dance music. Closely related to ambient music but with greater emphasis on rhythm, the style may ...
. It utilizes a groovy
bassline Bassline (also known as a bass line or bass part) is the term used in many styles of music, such as blues, jazz, funk, Dub music, dub and electronic music, electronic, traditional music, traditional, and classical music, for the low-pitched P ...
and a Moog synth. Its lyrics have been noted for its adult themes, depicting the "subtle distance between a man and a woman". A-chan saw "Kiss and Music" as the song pulling all the album tracks together. Perfume's Japanese spin on
black music Music of the African diaspora is a sound created, produced, or inspired by Black people, including Music of Africa, African music traditions and African popular music as well as the music genres of the African diaspora, including some Caribbean mus ...
was compared to Yellow Magic Orchestra's 1980 cover of " Tighten Up", and
Speed In kinematics, the speed (commonly referred to as ''v'') of an object is the magnitude of the change of its position over time or the magnitude of the change of its position per unit of time; it is thus a non-negative scalar quantity. Intro ...
's 1999 single "Long Way Home". "Zero Gravity" is a 1990s
house A house is a single-unit residential building. It may range in complexity from a rudimentary hut to a complex structure of wood, masonry, concrete or other material, outfitted with plumbing, electrical, and heating, ventilation, and air c ...
track. ''All About'' viewed it as a nod to the
New York house Garage house (originally known as "garage"; local terms include "New York house" and New Jersey sound) is a dance music style that was developed alongside Chicago house music. The genre was popular in the 1980s in the United States and the 1990s ...
scene, particularly invoking the party mixes of Body & Soul. There are traces of a Brazilian influence due to its
chord progression In a musical composition, a chord progression or harmonic progression (informally chord changes, used as a plural, or simply changes) is a succession of chords. Chord progressions are the foundation of harmony in Western musical tradition from ...
likened to bossa nova. The track is noted for its feeling of "weightlessness" and sense of eternity, with a "floating melody that is hard to grasp". Further comparisons have been drawn to the work of
Yoko Kanno is a Japanese composer, arranger and music producer of soundtracks for anime series, Video game, video games, Japanese television drama, television dramas and movies. She has written scores for ''Cowboy Bebop'', ''Terror in Resonance'', ''Gho ...
and Fantastic Plastic Machine. "I Still Love U" is 1980s
synthpop Synth-pop (short for synthesizer pop; also called techno-pop; ) is a music genre that first became prominent in the late 1970s and features the synthesizer as the dominant musical instrument. It was prefigured in the 1960s and early 1970s ...
with elements of
Eurobeat Eurobeat refers to two styles of dance music that originated in Europe: one is a British variant of Italian Eurodisco-influencedAng, Ien & Morley, David (2005). "Cultural Studies: Volume 3, Issue 2". ''Routledge''. pgs. 171, 173, 170. . "Eurorec ...
. Some saw it as an homage to earlier
idol Idol or Idols may refer to: Religion and philosophy * Cult image, a human-made object that is venerated or worshipped for the deity, spirit or daemon that it embodies or represents * Murti, a devotional image of a deity or saint used during puja ...
music, citing
Wink A wink is a facial expression made by briefly closing one eye. A wink is an informal mode of non-verbal communication usually signaling shared hidden knowledge or intent. However, it is ambiguous by itself and highly dependent upon additional c ...
and
Miho Nakayama was a Japanese singer and actress. She made her debut in the 1985 drama ''Maido Osawagase Shimasu'', where her performance led to instant stardom. Nakayama released her debut single, " C", shortly after, and finished the year with her film deb ...
. ''All About'' compared it to English band
New Order New Order may refer to: Politics * ''L'Ordine Nuovo'' (''The New Order''), a socialist newspaper edited by Antonio Gramsci in the early 1920s * ''New Order in East Asia'', propaganda term for Japanese-dominated East Asia announced by Japanese ...
and their 1987 songs " True Faith" and "
Touched by the Hand of God "Touched by the Hand of God" is a song by English band New Order, released as a single on 7 December 1987. The song was originally recorded for the soundtrack to the film '' Salvation!'' and the version released as a single was remixed by Arthu ...
". "I Still Love U" utilizes a "harsh"
Yamaha DX7 The Yamaha DX7 is a synthesizer manufactured by Yamaha Corporation from 1983 to 1989. It was the first successful digital synthesizer and is one of the best-selling synthesizers in history, selling more than 200,000 units. In the early 1980s, th ...
bass synth, and many noted the song's wistful emotionality. "The Best Thing" smoothly transitions into "Speed of Sound", sharing a
deep house Deep house is a subgenre of house music that originated in the 1980s, initially fusing elements of Chicago house with the lush chords of 1980s jazz-funk and touches of soul music. Its origins are attributed to the early recordings of Larry Heard ...
production. The former is "bouncy" and pop-oriented, featuring a
Stuart Price Stuart David Price (born 9 September 1977) is an English electronic musician, DJ, songwriter, and record producer. His acts include his own band Zoot Woman (with Adam Blake (musician), Adam Blake and Johnny Blake (musician), Johnny Blake), L ...
-esque intro and a chorus sung entirely in English. The latter takes influence from
Latin house Latin house is an electronic dance music genre that combines house and Latin American music, such as that of Puerto Rican, Cuban, Dominican, and African origin. History Origins In the second half of the 1980s, some of the pioneers of house mus ...
and disco as the members recite "inorganic" English words over a percussive groove. "Speed of Sound" has been compared to
Masters at Work Masters at Work is the American garage house production and remix team of "Little" Louie Vega and Kenny "Dope" Gonzalez. The duo has produced music together under the names MAW, KenLou, Sole Fusion, Hardrive, and Nuyorican Soul. They have bee ...
and
Aril Brikha Aril Brikha (1976) is an Assyrian techno musician, recognized globally for his contributions to the genre. After relocating to Sweden, he gained further recognition when he was nominated for Best Dance Album at the Swedish National Radio Gold ...
''. Triangle'''s penultimate number is the disco-styled
French house French house (also referred to as French touch, filter house, or tekfunk) is a style of house music devised by French musicians in the 1990s. It is a form of Eurodisco and a popular strand of the late 1990s and 2000s European dance music s ...
of "
One Room Disco is the ninth major single by Japanese band Perfume. It was released on March 25, 2009 as a CD-only version and CD+DVD version. The single reached number one on the Oricon weekly chart on April 6. The limited edition CD+DVD version included a form ...
", before reaching its conclusion with the ballad "Negai (Album Mix)". It features a new orchestral arrangement with lyrics about an unrequited love. A-chan found the album version to be "a little bit lonely" compared to its single release.


Title and artwork

In June 2009, Perfume's official website revealed the album title as the symbol ''⊿'', accompanied by a simple graphic of an
isosceles right triangle A special right triangle is a right triangle with some regular feature that makes calculations on the triangle easier, or for which simple formulas exist. For example, a right triangle may have angles that form simple relationships, such as 45° ...
. Through the group's
Tokyo FM (abbreviation:TFM) is a radio station in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. It is the flagship station of the Japan FM Network (JFN). Timeline The station's forerunner, FM Tokai (FM東海, abbreviated FMT), owned by Tokai University, was launched on ...
radio show ''Perfume Locks'', the members clarified that it is read as or "triangle" in English. In an interview with Yahoo! Music, Perfume explained that the title evolved from flying and vehicular-related ideas, until they settled on shapes, from which triangles were decided as Yasutaka Nakata thought it was fashionable. The members were left "perplexed", but found it to be a perfect fit as they had three members and it was their third album. A-chan further explained that an isosceles right triangle (as opposed to other
triangles A triangle is a polygon with three corners and three sides, one of the basic shapes in geometry. The corners, also called ''vertices'', are zero-dimensional points while the sides connecting them, also called ''edges'', are one-dimensiona ...
) was specifically chosen to emphasize that Perfume is a combined effort of all three, as opposed to one member on top. The album artwork for ''Triangle'' was photographed by Hiroshi Nomura, under the art direction of Kazuaki Seki with styling by Ken Uchizawa. It features the three members surrounded by a large triangle object. Uchizawa dressed them in all white in the image of "a young girl changing into an grown woman", symbolizing Perfume's evolution and maturity. For its limited edition release, the artwork was further simplified to a metal plate debossed with a triangle and the group's name. As a part of the album's promotional campaign, both physical props were put on display in records stores around
Shinjuku , officially called Shinjuku City, is a special ward of Tokyo, Japan. It is a major commercial and administrative center, housing the northern half of the busiest railway station in the world ( Shinjuku Station) as well as the Tokyo Metropol ...
and
Shibuya is a Special wards of Tokyo, special ward in Tokyo, Japan. A major commercial center, Shibuya houses one of the busiest railway stations in the world, Shibuya Station. As of January 1, 2024, Shibuya Ward has an estimated population of 230,60 ...
the weekend of its release.


Critical reception

''Triangle'' received generally favorable reviews from music critics. Many praised Yasutaka Nakata for his club-friendly approach to pop music. Yuki Sugioka of ''Hotexpress'' opined, "Nakata's paradox is that the music is ot intended for karaoke">karaoke.html" ;"title="ot intended for karaoke">ot intended for karaoke yet it still makes you want to hum along ..With Perfume, he is presenting a future that is half a step ahead of the scene". Takaji Deshima of ''Bounce'' magazine called ''Triangle'' a "stunning result proving straight away that [Perfume] still has an edgy presence". Perfume's "maturity" was a focal point in ''Musico'''s review of ''Triangle'', who characterized the album as "fresh" and "moody". Kiyohiko Koike of ''Listen Japan'' commended its stylistic range that keeps Nakata's deep bass sound and Perfume's expressive singing. ''CD Journal'' opined that listeners would get further enjoyment out of the album once its nuances are understood. Other reviewers echoed this atmospheric departure from ''Game'', with ''Excite Music'' finding its predecessor's high energy to have cooled-down and become "dancier". For ''All About'', writer Hiroaki Shikata and his panel of commentators distinguished ''Triangle'' as more "refined" than the "stimulating" nature of ''Game''. Fumizuki Watanabe of ''Musicnet'' thought that the album transcends its "futuristic" label in becoming "otherdimensional". Adam Greenberg of
AllMusic AllMusic (previously known as All-Music Guide and AMG) is an American online database, online music database. It catalogs more than three million album entries and 30 million tracks, as well as information on Musical artist, musicians and Mus ...
was more mixed in his review, finding it to lack individuality as Perfume loses their personality under the autotune. Despite finding production highlights elsewhere, they wrote: "For basic background music at a pop-heavy dance party, something like ''Triangle'' would be hard to beat. For musical exploration and complexity, it's an album that would be hard not to beat." Ian Martin of ''
The Japan Times ''The Japan Times'' is Japan's largest and oldest English-language daily newspaper. It is published by , a subsidiary of News2u Holdings, Inc. It is headquartered in the in Kioicho, Chiyoda, Tokyo. History ''The Japan Times'' was launched by ...
'' was more favorable towards their vocal treatment and praised Nakata for his "inventive production trickery", but ultimately criticized ''Triangle'' for its "bland" latter half that demonstrates his limitations: "like his 1990s uber-producer forbear
Tetsuya Komuro is a Japanese musician, songwriter and record producer. He is recognized as the most successful producer in Japanese music history and has introduced contemporary electronic dance music to the Japanese mainstream. He was also a former owner of t ...
, Yasutaka Nakata may be spreading his talents too thinly." In 2017, Rui Takeshima of ''Pop Master'' wrote that ''Triangle'' is "rich in variation not found on previous albums", and that the album represents a key shift in Nakata's production role towards realizing Perfume's commercial viability.


Track listing


Personnel

From All Music.com. * Iku Aoki - Director * Kohei Furumai - Executive Producer * Tatsuro Hatanaka - Supervisor * Nomura Hiroshi - Photography * Sumio Matsuzaki - Supervisor * Kiyoe Mizusawa - Design Coordinator * Masahiro Nakawaki - Director * Ayaka "A-Chan" Nishiwaki - Group Member * Yuka "Kashiyuka" Kashino - Group Member * Ayano "Nocchi" Omoto - Group Member * Yokichi Osato - Supervisor * Masako Osuga - Make-Up * Kazuaki Seki - Art Direction * Yuki Shimajiri - Hair Stylist * Masahiro Shinoki - Executive Producer * Hirose Shiraishi - Executive Producer * Ken Uchizawa - Stylist * Yasutaka Nakata - Arranger, Composer, Engineer, Mastering, Mixing, Producer * Mayuko Yuki - Design


Charts


Certifications


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Triangle (Perfume Album) 2009 albums 2000s Japanese-language albums Tokuma Shoten albums Perfume (Japanese band) albums Albums produced by Yasutaka Nakata