Öhringen
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Öhringen ( East Franconian: ''Ähringe'') is the largest town in Hohenlohe (district) in the state of
Baden-Württemberg Baden-Württemberg (; ), commonly shortened to BW or BaWü, is a German state () in Southwest Germany, east of the Rhine, which forms the southern part of Germany's western border with France. With more than 11.07 million inhabitants across a ...
, in southwest
Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG),, is a country in Central Europe. It is the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany lies between the Baltic and North Sea to the north and the Alps to the sou ...
, near
Heilbronn Heilbronn () is a city in northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, surrounded by Heilbronn District. With over 126,000 residents, it is the sixth-largest city in the state. From the late Middle Ages, it developed into an important trading centre. A ...
. Öhringen is on the railline to
Schwäbisch Hall Schwäbisch Hall (; "Swabian Hall"; from 1802 until 1934 and colloquially: ''Hall'' ) is a city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg located in the valley of the Kocher river, the longest tributary (together with its headwater Lein) of th ...
and
Crailsheim Crailsheim is a town in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. Incorporated in 1338, it lies east of Schwäbisch Hall and southwest of Ansbach in the Schwäbisch Hall district. The city's main attractions include two Evangelical churches, a ...
. With a population of 24,374 (2019), the town is diverse. It is a quaint medieval place, and, among its ancient buildings, boasts a fine
Evangelical Evangelicalism (), also called evangelical Christianity or evangelical Protestantism, is a worldwide interdenominational movement within Protestant Christianity that affirms the centrality of being " born again", in which an individual exp ...
church (german: Stiftskirche) containing carvings in cedar-wood from the 15th century and numerous interesting tombs and monuments; a Renaissance town hall; the building, now used as a library, which formerly belonged to a monastery, erected in 1034; and a palace, the former residence of the princes of
Hohenlohe The House of Hohenlohe () is a German princely dynasty. It ruled an immediate territory within the Holy Roman Empire which was divided between several branches. The Hohenlohes became imperial counts in 1450. The county was divided numerous ti ...
-Öhringen. ''Vicus Aurelii'' to the Romans. Eastwards of it runs the old
limes Limes may refer to: * the plural form of lime (disambiguation) * the Latin word for ''limit'' which refers to: ** Limes (Roman Empire) (Latin, singular; plural: ) is a modern term used primarily for the Germanic border defence or delimitin ...
Roman frontier wall, and numerous remains and inscriptions dating from the days of the Roman settlement have been discovered, including traces of three camps.


Geography


Geographical location

Öhringen is located in the western, deeper part of the Hohenlohe plain, between the Keuper stage of the
Swabian-Franconian Forest The Swabian-Franconian Forest (german: Schwäbisch-Fränkischen Waldberge, also ''Schwäbisch-Fränkischer Wald'') is a mainly forested, deeply incised upland region, 1,187 km² in area and up to , in the northeast of Baden-Württemberg. It f ...
and the Kocher valley. The town spreads out over the flat valley of the Ohrn, a small river, which flows about down the valley in the district Ohrnberg into the Kocher river. The town is situated between elevation , in the Kocher at the county border at Möglingen, and , already above the forest on the Charles Mainhardt Furter plane, which belongs to the district Michelbach. The height of the town itself varies between . The Öhringen area drains to the Kocher river, which runs between Ohrnberg and Sindringen, about upstream from Ohrnberg mountain. The river leaves the region west of the district Möglingen. The Ohrn has created a broad, flat valley in the northwest of the borough and at Möhrig. From Unterohrn, the Ohrn extends to the confluence with the Kocher in the hard layers of the mussel limestone and has cut a deep valley. This section of the river course was declared Ohrntal in 1963 for the conservation area. The Maßholderbach and the Westernbach streams, which flow northwest of the town itself in the Ohrn, also create flat valleys in the northeastern part of the district. The nature reserve ''Viehweide Michelbach'' is on the Michelbach section. Öhringen is situated on the southwestern edge of the East Frankish language area, whereby the special Öhringer dialect influences can be identified from Rhenish Franconian and Swabian.


Geology

Geologically considered, the Hohenlohe-level is part of the southwest German ''Schichtstufenlandes'' (cuesta country) and belongs to the Triassic landscape. It is one of a band with varying breadth from the south-eastern edge of the Black Forest on the Franconian Gäubucht up to Franconia in the north extending to Gäuflächen and passes north and east into the
Bauland region The Bauland is a Gäu landscape in the northeast of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It is a natural region within the Neckar and Tauber Gäu Plateaus (major unit 12) in the South German Scarplands. Location The Bauland is a Gäu lan ...
, the Tauber Valley, and the Haller Plain. The Hohenlohe plane itself includes the area around the Kocher river and
Jagst The Jagst () is a right tributary of the Neckar in northern Baden-Württemberg. It is 190 km long. Its source is in the hills east of Ellwangen, close to the Bavarian border. It winds through the towns Ellwangen, Crailsheim, Kirchberg an der ...
river, to the foot of the mountains and Keuper forest, and is a forest-poor and fertile old farmland. In the subsurface are the layers of the
Muschelkalk The Muschelkalk (German for "shell-bearing limestone"; french: calcaire coquillier) is a sequence of sedimentary rock strata (a lithostratigraphic unit) in the geology of central and western Europe. It has a Middle Triassic (240 to 230 million yea ...
period, on the wide open spaces of layers of the Lower
Keuper The Keuper is a lithostratigraphic unit (a sequence of rock strata) in the subsurface of large parts of west and central Europe. The Keuper consists of dolomite, shales or claystones and evaporites that were deposited during the Middle and Late ...
and are partially covered by loam. The most hard rock of the Muschelkalk in Tauber, Kocher, and its many tributaries of the Jagst river have cut and made it close, varied and scenic valley portions. The Gäufläche is framed in the southern semicircle of the forests of the Löwenstein, Waldburger Limpurger and mountains and dominates it. This
Keuper The Keuper is a lithostratigraphic unit (a sequence of rock strata) in the subsurface of large parts of west and central Europe. The Keuper consists of dolomite, shales or claystones and evaporites that were deposited during the Middle and Late ...
perimeter dominates the Hohenlohe level by about , in Waldenburg even up to . The Stufenbildner is mainly on reeds, gravel and sandstone, because of waterlogging little, but are mainly forested. By fluvial erosion of the edge of the Keuper forest mountains over time has been divided into several sections with spur-like projections. In some places individual mountains were separated, at Öhringen: the Golberg (), the Verrenberg (205 m) and the Lindelberg (). The landscape around Öhringen shares two important elements of the Southwest German cuesta country: the Gäuplatten and the Keuper forest mountains. Otto F. Geyer, Manfred P. Gwinner: ''Geologie von Baden-Württemberg''. Stuttgart 1991. The
limestone Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms wh ...
in the subsurface of Hohenlohe and Haller is widely karstified, as evidenced by more than 2,000 sinkholes, many dry valleys and a few cave systems. In several limestone quarries, the rock is mined and usually broken into gravel, even in the town of Öhringen (at Unterohrn). However, the limestone deposited in a little water-permeable layer nor Lower Keuper, which prevents a rapid infiltration of precipitation in the limestone. Moreover, as the Lower Keuper often has loess, this has created mineral-rich, arable soil easy to work with sufficient moisture. The area surrounding Öhringen is strongly influenced by agriculture. Besides the cultivation of cereals, sugar beet, cabbage, corn, and
rapeseed Rapeseed (''Brassica napus ''subsp.'' napus''), also known as rape, or oilseed rape, is a bright-yellow flowering member of the family Brassicaceae (mustard or cabbage family), cultivated mainly for its oil-rich seed, which naturally contains a ...
, the orchards and vineyards give the landscape for mi around its typical character.


Climate

Hohenlohe is part of the warm temperate Central European climate, with still predominantly
maritime Maritime may refer to: Geography * Maritime Alps, a mountain range in the southwestern part of the Alps * Maritime Region, a region in Togo * Maritime Southeast Asia * The Maritimes, the Canadian provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Pr ...
character. The changing topography on a small scale, especially between valley and high altitude, also causes the climate varying greatly from place to place. The local climate of Öhringen mediates between the milder of the
Neckar The Neckar () is a river in Germany, mainly flowing through the southwestern state of Baden-Württemberg, with a short section through Hesse. The Neckar is a major right tributary of the Rhine. Rising in the Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis near Sc ...
river basin, the somewhat rougher the Hohenlohe plain and the upland climate prevailing in the Swabian-Franconian forest mountains. Öhringen has a mean annual temperature of . The monthly average for January and July are on Keuper height by about one to two degrees lower. These temperature differences are especially clear in the winter, when snow still lies on the heights, but it is melted away in the plane already. The average annual precipitation is falling in Öhringen at , in the higher areas of the Keuper forest mountains up to and sometimes over it. The arrival of spring, with the beginning of the apple blossoms, is around May 4 in Öhringen, further to the east later, further west earlier. The German Weather Service operates a weather station in Öhringen.


Neighbouring communities

The following towns and villages – clockwise (starting from the north) – border the town of Öhringen: Forchtenberg, Zweiflingen, Neuenstein, Waldenburg, Pfedelbach and Bretzfeld (all Hohenlohe district), likewise Langenbrettach and Hardthausen am Kocher (both
Heilbronn Heilbronn () is a city in northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, surrounded by Heilbronn District. With over 126,000 residents, it is the sixth-largest city in the state. From the late Middle Ages, it developed into an important trading centre. A ...
district). Together with Pfedelbach and Zweiflingen, Öhringen decides administrative matters. Öhringen advises and supports the other two municipalities in carrying out their duties, as well as technical issues of building and civil engineering works and the maintenance and expansion of the water of the second order. Öhringen is a secondary centre of the region of Heilbronn-Franken; in the city of Heilbronn is a designated regional centre. The central region near the town Öhringen also includes the cities and towns Bretzfeld, Neuenstein, Waldenburg, Pfedelbach and Zweiflingen (all Hohenlohe).


Subdivisions

The urban areas of Öhringen consists of the town itself (German: '' Kernstadt'') and the outlying villages of Baumerlenbach, Büttelbronn, Cappel, Eckartsweiler, Michelbach am Wald, Möglingen, Ohrnberg, Schwöllbronn und Verrenberg, which were incorporated only in the regional reform of the 1970s. All unincorporated communities were part of the county from 1973 to Öhringen or its successor, the District of Hohenlohe. The neighbourhoods are also places in the meaning of the Municipal Code of Baden-Württemberg with an Ortschaftsrat and a mayor as chairman. The village councils are elected at each municipal election of the voting-age population of the village and are important to hear matters concerning the village. Every town has a local administrative body of the municipality.


Demographics


Mayors

*1887–1906: Schäufele (was Stadtschultheiß in Kupferzell before) *1906–1918: Albert Meyder *1919–1945: Peter Berner *1945–1948: Wilhelm Rösch *1948–1954: Franz Illenberger *1954–1967: Richard Laidig *1967–1987: Ulrich Fahrenbruch *1987–2009: Jochen K. Kübler *Since 2009: Thilo Michler The mayor is Thilo Michler (independent). Before, he was the mayor of Zaberfeld, and he was elected in June 2009 with 60.7% of the vote.


Culture and sightseeing


Museums

* The Weygang Museum is a museum of local history, with a tin and faience collection from the Roman era. * The Museum Werkstatt Pflaumer gives one a chance to take a look at the locksmith and grinding professions. * The Meeres (Sea) Museum (in Cappel) – gives the viewer a chance to look at the most beautiful mussels and snail shells from seas all over the world.


Architecture

The Medieval marketplace is the heart of the town. Here stands the castle of Hohenlohe (German: ''Schloss''), the attraction of the town, which is now used as the Town Hall. Close by is the Protestant church ('' Stiftskirche''). Other churches in Öhringen include the ''Spitalkirche St. Anna und Elisabeth'' (now Protestant, built in 1376), the cemetery chapel of St. Anna (built in 1520, also Protestant), and the Catholic Church of St. Joseph (1961). Other things to see in the centre of the town are Upper (Obere-) Gate (1792), the old
Deanery A deanery (or decanate) is an ecclesiastical entity in the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Anglican Communion, the Evangelical Church in Germany, and the Church of Norway. A deanery is either the jurisdiction or reside ...
, the guesthouse of the Roman Emperor, the Yellow Castle, and the Tierhofgarten (a large garden with zoo animals).


2006 home of the Socceroos

During the
2006 FIFA World Cup The 2006 FIFA World Cup, also branded as Germany 2006, was the 18th FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football world championship tournament. It was held from 9 June to 9 July 2006 in Germany, which had won the right to host th ...
, the Australia national soccer team, "The
Socceroos The Australia men's national soccer team represents Australia in international men's soccer. Officially nicknamed the Socceroos, the team is controlled by the governing body for soccer in Australia, Football Australia, which is affiliated ...
" based their pre-game training in the town. The Socceroos trained at the stadium of local football club TSG Öhringen, whose pitch has been relaid at a cost of $335,000, and stayed at the five-star Wald-und-Schlosshotel, a former hunting lodge, in nearby Friedrichsruhe. The Australians were given an official reception by Öhringen's Mayor, Jochen Kübler. "We are friends to the Australia team," he said. "We hope they will get more power from the region." The team finished second in Brazil-dominated Group F, but fell in the Round of 16 against Italy by a controversial penalty in the final minutes of the match.


Twin towns – sister cities

Öhringen is
twinned Twinning (making a twin of) may refer to: * In biology and agriculture, producing two offspring (i.e., twins) at a time, or having a tendency to do so; * Twin towns and sister cities, towns and cities involved in town twinning * Twinning inst ...
with: * Großenhain, Germany * Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland * Treffen am Ossiacher See, Austria


Notable people

* Johann Ludwig Christ (1739–1813), pastor and fruit expert * Friedrich Christoph Dietrich (1779–1847), lithograph and copper cutcher * Julius Weizsäcker (1828–1889), historian * Karl Friedrich Schall (1859–1925), fine mechanic and co-founder of the company ''Cleaner, Gebbert & Schall'' in Erlangen *
Otto Röhm Otto Karl Julius Röhm (; 14 March 1876, Öhringen, Germany – 17 September 1939, Berlin) was one of the founders and a longtime president of the ''Röhm und Haas'' chemical company which became later in the USA the Rohm and Haas (today ''D ...
(1876–1939), pharmacist, developed and produced as one of the first
polymethylmethacrylate Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) belongs to a group of materials called engineering plastics. It is a transparent thermoplastic. PMMA is also known as acrylic, acrylic glass, as well as by the trade names and brands Crylux, Plexiglas, Acrylit ...
and invented the Brand '' Plexiglas '' * Oswald Lutz (1876–1944), officer, most recently general of the Panzertruppe *
August Lösch August Lösch (15 October 1906 – 30 May 1945) was a German economist, known for his seminal contributions to regional science and urban economics. Born in Öhringen, Württemberg, Lösch obtained his doctorate from the University of Bonn in 19 ...
(1906–1945), economist and social scientist * Reinhold Würth (born 1935), entrepreneur ( Würth) *Hartmut Weber (born 1945), historian and archivar, President of the
German Federal Archives , type = Archive , seal = , seal_size = , seal_caption = , seal_alt = , logo = Bundesarchiv-Logo.svg , logo_size = , logo_caption = , lo ...
1999–2011 * Georg Klein (born 1964), composer, sound and media artist


Associated with the town

* Wendel Hipler (1465–1526), led the farmers' parliament in Heilbronn as a peasant chancellor


Sources


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ohringen Hohenlohe (district) Württemberg