État 40-001 to 40-143 was a class of

0-8-0 Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, represents the wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles and no trailing wheels. Locomotives of this type are also referre ...

Tank locomotive A tank locomotive is a steam locomotive which carries its water in one or more on-board water tanks, instead of a more traditional tender (rail), tender. Most tank engines also have Fuel bunker, bunkers (or fuel tanks) to hold fuel; in a #Tender ...

s of the

Chemins de Fer de l'État The Administration des chemins de fer de l'État (, "State Railway Administration"), often referred to in France as the Réseau de l'État (, "State Network"), was an early state-owned French railway company. History The company was establishe ...

. They later served with the

SNCF The Société nationale des chemins de fer français (, , SNCF ) is France's national State-owned enterprise, state-owned railway company. Founded in 1938, it operates the Rail transport in France, country's national rail traffic along with th ...

who renumbered them 3-040.TA.1 to 3-040.TA.143.

Design

The 40-000s were of simple expansion with two cylinders and possessed a Crampton firebox and

Walschaerts valve gear The Walschaerts valve gear is a type of valve gear used to regulate the flow of steam to the pistons in steam locomotives, invented by Belgium, Belgian railway mechanical engineering, engineer Egide Walschaerts in 1844. The gear is sometimes name ...

. The

connecting rod A connecting rod, also called a 'con rod', is the part of a reciprocating engine, piston engine which connects the piston to the crankshaft. Together with the crank (mechanism), crank, the connecting rod converts the reciprocating motion of the p ...

was attached to the third axle; white the boiler had the steam dome on the first ring, and a sandbox on the second ring. The water tanks on each side of the firebox possessed a sloping front and gave the driver additional vision and permitted him to see if workmen were on the track in front of the engine. There were variants in cabs and several open cabs, others, closed. These were designed to replace the 030

0-6-0 is the Whyte notation designation for steam locomotives with a wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles, and no trailing wheels. Historically, this was the most common wheel arrangement used o ...

shunting engines. The 0-6-0 engines possessed a traction force of 40 tons, while the

were designed to have a traction force of 60 tons. It was in 1913 that the research department of the

began to study the question of a replacement.

Construction

The series of 143 engines were built between 1914 and 1922, with a break during

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

. The first 18 engines, numbered 40-001 to 40-018, were put into service in 1914. The war prevented the construction of the rest of the series, and the last two engines of the first batch, 40-019 and 40-020, were taken by the German Army and not returned until 1919 and 1922 respectively. Construction resumed in 1920 and the full series of 143 engines was put into service by 1922. Most were built by French engineering companies, but six were built in the État's former

Ouest Ouest (French for west) may refer to: *Ouest (department), Haiti *Ouest Department (Ivory Coast), defunct administrative subdivision of Ivory Coast * Ouest Province, Cameroon * Ouest Province, Rwanda *Ouest-France, a French newspaper *West France ( ...

workshops at Sotteville,

Rouen Rouen (, ; or ) is a city on the River Seine, in northwestern France. It is in the prefecture of Regions of France, region of Normandy (administrative region), Normandy and the Departments of France, department of Seine-Maritime. Formerly one ...

. Locomotives of the same design were built for French industry.

Service

The engines were assigned to the depots of Paris-Vaugirard, Montrouge, Batignoles, Sotteville (Rouen),

Le Havre Le Havre is a major port city in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy (administrative region), Normandy region of northern France. It is situated on the right bank of the estuary of the Seine, river Seine on the English Channel, Channe ...

, Dieppe, Trappes, Chartres, Caen, Cherbourg, St-Brieuc, Brest,

Nantes Nantes (, ; ; or ; ) is a city in the Loire-Atlantique department of France on the Loire, from the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic coast. The city is the List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, sixth largest in France, with a pop ...

Rennes Rennes (; ; Gallo language, Gallo: ''Resnn''; ) is a city in the east of Brittany in Northwestern France at the confluence of the rivers Ille and Vilaine. Rennes is the prefecture of the Brittany (administrative region), Brittany Regions of F ...

and La Rochelle as well as industrial railways and harbours. When the

was formed, the series was renumbered 3-040.TA.1 to 3-040.TA.143. During

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, 52 locomotives were taken to Germany, where many of them were given enclosed cabs; 25 of these locomotives never returned and were written off. During the 1950s and 60s, twelve locomotives were sold to industry.

Preservation

There are two examples of this class which have survived into preservation. They are:— *40-137 (ANF 143 of 1922), later SNCF 3-040.TA.137, was one of the locomotives taken to Germany. It is now at the '' Musée vivant du chemin de fer'' in

Longueville, Seine-et-Marne Longueville () is a Communes of France, commune in the Seine-et-Marne Departments of France, department in the Île-de-France Regions of France, region in north-central France. Longueville station has rail connections to Provins, Chaumont, Troy ...

, and designated a ''

Monument historique () is a designation given to some national heritage sites in France. It may also refer to the state procedure in France by which national heritage protection is extended to a building, a specific part of a building, a collection of buildings, ...

''. *40-141 (Sotteville 64 of 1922), later SNCF 3-040.TA.141.

References

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Etat .40-001 to 40-143 040-001 0-8-0T locomotives D n2t locomotives Railway locomotives introduced in 1914 Schneider locomotives Fives-Lille locomotives Standard-gauge locomotives of France ANF locomotives Shunting locomotives