Äxmät İsxaq (1905–1991) was a Soviet Tatar poet, translator and journalist.

Biography

Äxmät İsxaq was born in

Kazan Kazan; , IPA: Help:IPA/Tatar, ɑzanis the largest city and capital city, capital of Tatarstan, Russia. The city lies at the confluence of the Volga and the Kazanka (river), Kazanka Rivers, covering an area of , with a population of over 1. ...

. He received his professional education at the

Möxämmädiä Möxəmmədiyə (, , ) was a madrasa in Kazan that was attached to . Brief history It was created in 1882 by Ğəlimcan Barudi with the assistance of Zaynulla Rasulev, Zəynulla Rəsül and received its name in honour of Möxəmmətcan Ğəli, ...

madrasa and the Tatar Pedagogical Institute in Kazan, before starting work in the editorial office of the Tatar Regional Committee of

Komsomol The All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, usually known as Komsomol, was a political youth organization in the Soviet Union. It is sometimes described as the youth division of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), although it w ...

. In 1925, he was sent to Moscow to study at the State Film School, but he soon joined the editorial office of the Tatar-language newspaper (Эшче; The Worker) where he met the Tatar writers

Musa Cälil Musa Cälil (, ; ; – 25 August 1944) was a Soviet Tatar poet and resistance fighter during World War II. He is the only poet of the Soviet Union awarded simultaneously the Hero of the Soviet Union award for his resistance fighting and the Len ...

and . In 1928, he returned to Kazan and began working for other Tatar-language publications, including the newspaper '' Qızıl Tatarstan'' (Кызыл Татарстан; Red Tatarstan) and the satirical magazine ' (Чаян; Scorpion). In 1939, he became head of the Tatar ASSR branch of the

Union of Soviet Writers The Union of Soviet Writers, USSR Union of Writers, or Soviet Union of Writers () was a creative union of professional writers in the Soviet Union. It was founded in 1934 on the initiative of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (1932) a ...

, a position he held until 1942. In 1942, during

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, İsxaq enlisted in the Soviet Army and served as a platoon commander and a military journalist first in the Russian Far East and then in Ukraine. After the war, he worked for the newspaper (Ватан чакыра; The Motherland Calls) before becoming chief editor of ''Çayan'' in 1963 a position he held through 1969. At ''Çayan'', he wrote under the pen name (Карәхмәтне).

Works

During his lifetime, İsxaq published some 40 books in Tatar, Russian, and Bashkir, including poetry, satirical works, fairy tales, opera librettos, reviews and critiques, and other works. He is also known for his translations of Russian classical poets and Tatar and Turkic poetry. His first literary work, a poem called "" (Кызыл кошлар; Red Birds), was published in 1923 in the journal (Кызыл Шәрекъ яшьләре; The Youth of the Red East). He later published several collections of poems, including (Таш урамнар җыры; Song of the Streets of Stone) in 1929, (Бәхет турныда җыр; Song of Happiness) in 1939, (Курай;

Quray The ''quray'' ( Bashkir ҡурай, Tatar quray, ) is a long open end-blown flute with two to seven fingerholes, and is the national instrument of the Bashkirs and Tatars. The instrument is a type of Choor. On March 1, 2018 Kurai was registered ...

) in 1946, and (Җырда очрашу; Meeting in Song) in 1957. İsxaq also engaged in literary criticism and analysis, writing books about the work of Musa Cälil and

Ğabdulla Tuqay Ğabdulla Möxəmmətğərif ulı Tuqay () was a Volga Tatars, Volga Tatar poet, critic, publisher, and towering figure of Tatar literature. Tuqay is often referred to as the founder of modern Tatar literature and the modern Tatar literary lang ...

. İsxaq translated the works of

Ali-Shir Nava'i 'Ali-Shir Nava'i (9 February 1441 – 3 January 1501), also known as Nizām-al-Din ʿAli-Shir Herawī ( Chagatai: نظام الدین علی شیر نوایی, ) was a Timurid poet, writer, statesman, linguist, Hanafi Maturidi mystic and ...

Abai Qunanbaiuly Abai Qūnanbaiūly () was a Kazakh poet, composer and Hanafi Maturidi theologian philosopher. He was also a cultural reformer toward European and Russian cultures on the basis of enlightened Islam. Early life and education Abai was born in K ...

, Mahtumkuli,

Alexander Pushkin Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin () was a Russian poet, playwright, and novelist of the Romantic era.Basker, Michael. Pushkin and Romanticism. In Ferber, Michael, ed., ''A Companion to European Romanticism''. Oxford: Blackwell, 2005. He is consid ...

Mikhail Lermontov Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov ( , ; rus, Михаи́л Ю́рьевич Ле́рмонтов, , mʲɪxɐˈil ˈjʉrʲjɪvʲɪtɕ ˈlʲerməntəf, links=yes; – ) was a Russian Romanticism, Romantic writer, poet and painter, sometimes called ...

, and

Vladimir Mayakovsky Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky ( – 14 April 1930) was a Russian poet, playwright, artist, and actor. During his early, Russian Revolution, pre-Revolution period leading into 1917, Mayakovsky became renowned as a prominent figure of the Ru ...

into Tatar, along with translations of the

Old Tatar The Old Tatar language was a literary language used by some ethnic groups of the Idel-Ural region (Tatars and Bashkirs) from the Middle Ages until the early 20th century. Old Tatar is a member of the Kipchak (or Northwestern) group of Turkic ...

poet Qol Ğäli into modern Tatar. He also contributed to Tatar musical culture, including writing the libretto for an opera based on 's 1948 novel (Намусы; Honor) and translating other librettos, songs, and musical passages into Tatar, including a translation of the

State Anthem of the Soviet Union The State Anthem of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was the national anthem of the Soviet Union and the regional anthem of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1944 to 1991, replacing "The Internationale". Its original ...

Family

Äxmät İsxaq was married to Zäynäp Ğosmanova (), whose sister was married to Tatarstan politician . The couple had two sons, İrşat () and İlik ().

Selected works

* (1929) (Song of the Streets of Stone) * (1939) (Song of Happiness) * (1946) (Quray) * (1956) (Poet–Hero Musa Cälil) * (1957) (Meeting in Song) * (1963) (Tuqay's Poetic Skills) * (1983) (Thoughts, Smiles)

Notes

References

External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:İsxaq, Äxmät 1905 births 1991 deaths 20th-century Russian poets Translators from the Russian Empire Writers from Kazan Communist Party of the Soviet Union members Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour Translators from Russian Russian male journalists Russian male poets Russian war correspondents Soviet journalists Soviet male poets Soviet war correspondents Tatar journalists Tatar poets