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Yumil-gwa
''Yumil-gwa'' () is a variety of ''hangwa'', a traditional Korean confection. Different varieties of ''yumil-gwa'' can be made by combining a wheat flour dough with various ingredients such as: honey, cooking oil, cinnamon powder, nuts, ginger juice, jujube, and ''cheongju'' (rice wine). Etymology The word ''yumil-gwa'' consists of three syllables: ''yu'' () meaning "oil", ''mil'' () meaning "honey", and ''gwa'' () meaning "confection". History ''Yumil-gwa'' varieties have commonly been used and consumed for ''jesa'' (ancestral rites). During the Goryeo era (918–1392), ''yumil-gwa'' were offered during national feasts, rites, ceremonies, and banquets, including two Buddhist festivals, the Lotus Lantern Festival and the Festival of the Eight Vows. In 1274, ''yumil-gwa'' varieties were used for ''pyebaek'' (formal greeting) in the wedding ceremony of King Chungnyeol and Princess Jeguk of Yuan China. In 1296, ''yumil-gwa'' was brought to the wedding ceremony of the Crow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yakgwa
''Yakgwa'' (), also called ''gwajul'' (), is a type of '' yumil-gwa'', which is deep-fried, wheat-based '' hangwa'' (Korean confection) made with honey, ''cheongju'' (rice wine), sesame oil, and ginger juice. Traditionally, the sweet was offered in a ''jesa'' (ancestral rite) and enjoyed on festive days such as ''chuseok'' (harvest festival), marriages, or ''hwangap'' (sixtieth-birthday) celebrations. In modern South Korea, it is also served as a dessert and can be bought at traditional markets or supermarkets. Etymology ''Yakgwa'' (), consisting of two syllables, ''yak'' (; "medicine") and ''gwa'' (; "confection"), means "medicinal confection". This name comes from the large amount of honey that is used to prepare it, because pre-modern Koreans considered honey to be medicinal and so named many honey-based foods ''yak'' ("medicine"). "Honey cookie" is a common English translation for this confection's name. History ''Yakgwa'' is a food with a long history. It was made fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hangwa
() is a general term for traditional Korean confections. With ''tteok'' (rice cakes), forms the sweet food category in Korean cuisine. Common ingredients of include grain flour, fruits and roots, sweet ingredients such as honey and ''yeot'', and spices such as cinnamon and ginger. Names () translates to "Korean confectionery" referring to traditional confections contrasting with ''yanggwa'' (), which identifies "Western confectionery". In the past was called ''jogwa'' () which means "artificial fruit" or ''gwajeongnyu'' () as meaning "fruit food category". History The history of goes back to the era of the three kingdoms (57 BCE ‒ 668 CE), when various types of confections were consumed by royals during festivities, national holidays or in court, according to the '' Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms''. Following the two Buddhist dynasties, Unified Silla in the era of two kingdoms (698–926) and Goryeo (936‒1392), the cultivation of crops and consumption of c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Doopedia
''Doosan Encyclopedia'' () is a Korean-language encyclopedia published by Doosan Donga (). The encyclopedia is based on the ''Dong-A Color Encyclopedia'' (), which comprises 30 volumes and began to be published in 1982 by Dong-A Publishing (). Dong-A Publishing was merged into Doosan Donga, a subsidiary of Doosan Group, in February 1985. The ''Doosan Encyclopedia'' is a major encyclopedia in South Korea. Digital edition EnCyber The online version of the ''Doosan Encyclopedia'' was named EnCyber, which is a blend of two English words: ''Encyclopedia'' and ''Cyber''. The company has stated that, with the trademark, it aims to become a center of living knowledge. EnCyber provides free content to readers via South Korean portals such as Naver. Naver has risen to the top position in the search engine market of South Korea partially because of the popularity of EnCyber encyclopedia. When Naver exclusively contracted Doosan Doonga in 2003, the former paid multi billion won to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sesame Oil
Sesame oil is an edible vegetable oil derived from sesame seeds. The oil is one of the earliest-known crop-based oils. Worldwide mass modern production is limited due to the inefficient manual harvesting process required to extract the oil. Oil made from raw seeds, which may or may not be cold-pressed, is used as a cooking oil. Oil made from toasted seeds is used for its distinctive nutty aroma and taste, although it may be unsuitable for frying, which makes it taste burnt and bitter. Manufacture Manufacturing process Sesame seeds are protected by a capsule which bursts only when the seeds are completely ripe, a process called dehiscence. The dehiscence time tends to vary, so farmers cut plants by hand and place them together in an upright position to continue ripening, until all the capsules have opened. Tanzania remains the largest producer of sesame oil and also dominates the global consumption of this product. The African and Asian regions constitute the fastest-de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wheat Flour
Wheat flour is a powder made from the grinding of common wheat used for human consumption. Wheat varieties are called "soft" or "weak" if gluten content is low, and are called "hard" or "strong" if they have high gluten content. Hard flour, or ''bread flour'', is high in gluten, with 12% to 14% gluten content, and its dough has elastic toughness that holds its shape well once baked. Soft flour is comparatively low in gluten and thus results in a loaf with a finer, crumbly texture. Soft flour is usually divided into cake flour, which is the lowest in gluten, and pastry flour, which has slightly more gluten than cake flour. In terms of the parts of the grain (the grass fruit) used in flour—the endosperm or protein/starchy part, the germ or protein/fat/vitamin-rich part, and the bran or fiber part—there are three general types of flour. White flour is made from the endosperm only. Brown flour includes some of the grain's germ and bran, while whole grain or ''wholemeal flour' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseon
Joseon ( ; ; also romanized as ''Chosun''), officially Great Joseon (), was a dynastic kingdom of Korea that existed for 505 years. It was founded by Taejo of Joseon in July 1392 and replaced by the Korean Empire in October 1897. The kingdom was founded following the aftermath of the overthrow of Goryeo in what is today the city of Kaesong. Early on, Korea was retitled and the capital was relocated to modern-day Seoul. The kingdom's northernmost borders were expanded to the natural boundaries at the rivers of Yalu River, Amnok and Tumen River, Tuman through the subjugation of the Jurchen people, Jurchens. During its 500-year duration, Joseon encouraged the entrenchment of Korean Confucianism, Confucian ideals and doctrines in Korean society. Neo-Confucianism was installed as the new state's ideology. Korean Buddhism, Buddhism was accordingly discouraged, and occasionally Buddhists faced persecution. Joseon consolidated its effective rule over the Korean peninsula and saw the he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sukjong Of Goryeo
Sukjong (2 September 1054 – 10 November 1105), personal name Wang Ong, was the 15th king of the Goryeo dynasty of Korea. Sukjong rose to the throne in 1095 upon the abdication of his young nephew, King Heonjong. He oversaw various internal innovations, including the distribution of the country's first brass coins (in 1102) and the construction of the new Southern Capital (''Namgyeong'', present-day Seoul). However, he was also faced by threats from without, most notably an 1104 invasion by the northern Jurchen tribes. Unable to repel the Jurchens by force, he sent his general Yun Kwan to raise an army and repulse them. This army is known as Byeolmuban and consisted of three separate divisions. Sukjong died the following year, while on the way to the western capital, Pyongyang. Challenges of Sukjong's reign can be summarized in his own words: Family *Father: Munjong of Goryeo **Grandfather: Hyeonjong of Goryeo **Grandmother: Queen Wonhye of the Ansan Kim clan *Mother: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuan China
The Yuan dynasty ( ; zh, c=元朝, p=Yuáncháo), officially the Great Yuan (; Mongolian: , , literally 'Great Yuan State'), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after its division. It was established by Kublai (Emperor Shizu or Setsen Khan), the fifth khagan-emperor of the Mongol Empire from the Borjigin clan, and lasted from 1271 to 1368. In Chinese history, the Yuan dynasty followed the Song dynasty and preceded the Ming dynasty. Although Genghis Khan's enthronement as Khagan in 1206 was described in Chinese as the Han-style title of Emperor and the Mongol Empire had ruled territories including modern-day northern China for decades, it was not until 1271 that Kublai Khan officially proclaimed the dynasty in the traditional Han style, and the conquest was not complete until 1279 when the Southern Song dynasty was defeated in the Battle of Yamen. His realm was, by this point, isolated from the other Mongol-led khanates ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Princess Gyeguk
Princess Supreme Gyeguk (; 1285 – 15 January 1316; ), also known as Princess of Han State () and Grand Princess of Han State () was a Yuan Dynasty Imperial family member as the great-granddaughter of Kublai Khan and became a Korean queen consort though her marriage with Chungseon of Goryeo. She was the second Mongol ethnic queen consort from Yuan dynasty to Goryeo after her mother-in-law, Princess Jeguk. Her personal name was Budashiri (Botashirin), transcribed as , pronounced in Korean as . It is from the Sanskrit - . Those ladies who qualified as "princesses supremes" (, ) were aunts of an emperor. She was the aunt of two emperors: Buyantu Khan and Külüg Khan. Biography Early life and relative The future Princess Gyeguk was born in Yuan dynasty as the daughter of Gammala (son of Zhenjin and Kökejin Khatun) and Buyan Kelmish Khatun with the name of Budashiri. She had: *Sünshan (brother) * Yesun Temür (brother) *Delgerbukha (brother) *Radnabala (sister) *Shouning � ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chungseon Of Goryeo
Chungseon (20 October 1275 – 23 June 1325), born Wang Wŏn (), later changed his name to Wang Chang (), also known by his Mongolian name Ijir Bukhqa (益知禮普花), was the 26th ruler of the Goryeo dynasty of Korea. He reigned in 1298, and again from 1308 to 1313. Adept at calligraphy and painting, rather than politics, he generally preferred the life in Dadu (the capital of the Yuan dynasty, present-day Beijing) to that in Gaegyeong (the capital of Goryeo, present-day Kaesong). He was the eldest son of King Chungnyeol and Queen Jangmok; since Wonjong of Goryeo requested to marry his son to a daughter of the Khan in 1269, which Kubilai obliged with the youngest one of his daughters. This made King Chungseon the first Goryeo monarch with Mongolian ancestry. Biography In 1277, King Chungseon was confirmed as Crown Prince; the following year he travelled to China and received his Mongolian name. The official history of Koryo is printed by woodblock 1580.(, the 1st sour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan dynasty ( ; zh, c=元朝, p=Yuáncháo), officially the Great Yuan (; Mongolian language, Mongolian: , , literally 'Great Yuan State'), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after Division of the Mongol Empire, its division. It was established by Kublai (Emperor Shizu or Setsen Khan), the fifth khagan-emperor of the Mongol Empire from the Borjigin clan, and lasted from 1271 to 1368. In Chinese history, the Yuan dynasty followed the Song dynasty and preceded the Ming dynasty. Although Genghis Khan's enthronement as Khagan in 1206 was described in Chinese language, Chinese as the Han Chinese, Han-style title of Emperor of China, Emperor and the Mongol Empire had ruled territories including modern-day northern China for decades, it was not until 1271 that Kublai Khan officially proclaimed the dynasty in the traditional Han style, and the conquest was not complete until 1279 when the Southern Song dynasty was defeated in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Princess Jeguk
Princess Supreme Jeguk (; 28 June 1259 – 11 June 1297; ), also known as Queen Jangmok () and Queen Mother Inmyeong () was a Yuan imperial princess as the daughter of Kublai Khan and Chabi khatun. She became the first Goryeo queen consort from Yuan. She was the primary wife of Chungnyeol of Goryeo and the mother of his successor, Chungseon of Goryeo. Her personal name was Borjigin Qutlugh Kelmysh (). She was the great-granddaughter of Genghis Khan and was known as a princess supreme (, ) as the aunt of the Emperor. She was the aunt of Temür Khan, who later succeeded her father as the Yuan emperor. From all of Mongol consorts in Goryeo, just she who was Yuan Emperor's daughter. Biography Early life Borjigin Qutugh Kelmysh (보르지긴 쿠틀룩 켈미쉬 ��도로게리미실 or 홀독겁미사 孛儿支斤 忽都魯揭里迷失) was born on 28 June 1259 in Mongol Empire as the youngest daughter (Imperial Princess) of Kublai Khan and Chabi khatun. Marriage relation wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
