|
Xylindein
Xylindein is a quinone pigment, a dimeric naphthoquinone derivative. It is produced by fungi in the genus ''Chlorociboria''. This pigment causes green staining of wood infected by the fungi. Etymology This pigment was firstly extracted in 1868 by Paul Thénard from wood and resembled indigo, so he called it . Combination of ''wikt:xylo-, xyl-'' (wood) and ''wikt:Inde, indé'' (indigo) + ''wikt:-ine, -ine''. References * * * * External links * {{Commonscat-inline, Xylindein Fungal pigments Heterocyclic compounds with 7 or more rings Natural phenol dimers Dihydroisocoumarins Pyrans Hydroxyarenes 3-Hydroxypropenals within hydroxyquinones Polyenes Naphthoquinones ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlorociboria
''Chlorociboria'' is the type genus of in the fungal family (biology), family Chlorociboriaceae within order Helotiales. The genus includes 23 species. Two common temperate zone species, ''Chlorociboria aeruginascens'' and ''Chlorociboria aeruginosa'', can only reliably be distinguished by microscopic examination. ''Chlorociboria aeruginosa'' has larger ascospore, spores (9–15 micrometre, μm × 1.5–2.5 μm) and the worm-like cells of the outer surface are rough, unlike the commoner ''C. aeruginascens'', of which the spores are 6–10 μm × 1.5–2 μm. The hyphae and ascocarp, fruit bodies of all species make xylindein, a secondary metabolite that stains the Substrate (biology), substrate wood blue-green, with "green oak" being a valued commodity in woodworking. The blue-green pigmented wood is featured in Tunbridge ware. Habit Blue-green stain is evident year-round, with ascocarp production occurring from summer to fall. Species *''Chlorociboria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quinone
The quinones are a class of organic compounds that are formally "derived from aromatic compounds benzene.html" ;"title="uch as benzene">uch as benzene or naphthalene] by conversion of an even number of –CH= groups into –C(=O)– groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds", resulting in "a fully Conjugated system, conjugated cyclic diketone, dione structure". The archetypical member of the class is 1,4-benzoquinone or cyclohexadienedione, often called simply "quinone" (thus the name of the class). Other important examples are 1,2-benzoquinone (''ortho''-quinone), 1,4-naphthoquinone and 9,10-anthraquinone. The name is derived from that of quinic acid (with the suffix "-one" indicating a ketone), since it is one of the compounds obtained upon oxidation of quinic acid. Quinic acid, like quinine is obtained from cinchona bark, called quinaquina in the indigenous languages of Peruvian tribes. Properties Quinones are oxidized derivatives of aromatic compounds an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungal Pigments
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one of the traditional eukaryotic kingdoms, along with Animalia, Plantae, and either Protista or Protozoa and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''true fungi'' or ''Eumycetes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
