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Trapdoor Spider
Trapdoor spider is a common name that is used to refer to various spiders from several different groups that create burrows with a silk-hinged trapdoor to help them ambush prey. Several families within the infraorder Mygalomorphae contain trapdoor spiders: * Actinopodidae, a family otherwise known as 'mouse-spiders', in South America and Australia * Antrodiaetidae, a family of 'folding trapdoor spiders' from the United States and Japan * Barychelidae, a family of 'brush-footed trapdoor spiders' with pantropical distribution * Ctenizidae, a family of ' cork-lid trapdoor spiders' in tropical and subtropical regions * Cyrtaucheniidae, a family of 'wafer-lid trapdoor spiders, with wide distribution except cooler regions * Euctenizidae, a family of spiders that make wafer-like or cork-like trapdoors * Halonoproctidae, a family of spiders that make wafer-like or cork-like trapdoors and includes the phragmotic genus '' Cyclocosmia'' * Idiopidae, a family of 'spurred-trapdoor spider ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trans NZ Inst Vol 10 Plate 13
Trans- is a Latin prefix meaning "across", "beyond", or "on the other side of". Used alone, trans may refer to: Sociology * Trans, a sociological term which may refer to: ** Transgender, people who identify themselves with a gender that differs from their sex societally designated/assigned at birth ** Transsexual, people who seek to transition from their birth-assigned sex to another via therapy and/or surgery ** Trans*, a broader term for identities including transgender and transsexual Arts, entertainment, and media * Trans (festival), a former festival in Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom * Trans (1982 film), a Venezuelan short documentary film * Trans (1998 film), ''Trans'' (1998 film), an American film * Trans Corp, an Indonesian business unit of CT Corp in the fields of media, lifestyle, and entertainment ** Trans Media, a media subsidiary of Trans Corp *** Trans TV, an Indonesian television network *** Trans7, an Indonesian television network Literature ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euctenizidae
The Euctenizidae (formerly Cyrtaucheniidae subfamily Euctenizinae) are a family of mygalomorph spiders. They are now considered to be more closely related to Idiopidae. Etymology The name comes from the Greek prefix (''eu-''), meaning "valuable" or "good", which had been thought that the family Ctenizidae possess these traits.Bond, J. E., B. E. Hendrixson, C. A. Hamilton & M. Hedin. (Bond et al., 2012b) - ''A reconsideration of the classification of the spider infraorder Mygalomorphae (Arachnida: Araneae) based on three nuclear genes and morphology'' Biology Many, but not all, make wafer-like doors to their burrows, while others build the cork-like doors found commonly in the true trapdoor spiders. The biology of nearly all of the species is poorly known. Distribution The family occurs almost exclusively in the United States and Mexico. Common U.S. genera include '' Myrmekiaphila'', '' Aptostichus'' and '' Promyrmekiaphila''. Genera , the World Spider Catalog accept ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liphistiidae
The spider family Liphistiidae was first recognized by Tamerlan Thorell in 1869. When narrowly circumscribed, it comprises a single genus '' Liphistius'', native to Southeast Asia; , this was the circumscription accepted by the World Spider Catalog. The family contains the most basal living spiders, belonging to the suborder Mesothelae. The family has also been circumscribed more broadly to include the family Heptathelidae as a subfamily, Heptathelinae, with the narrowly circumscribed Liphistiidae becoming the subfamily Liphistiinae. Taxonomy The family Liphistiidae was erected by Tamerlan Thorell in 1869 for the genus ''Liphistius''. Initially, it was the only family placed in the suborder Mesothelae. In 1923, Kyukichi Kishida described a new genus, '' Heptathela'', and suggested creating two tribes within the Liphistiidae corresponding to the genera ''Liphistius'' and ''Heptathela''. In 1939, Alexander Petrunkevitch raised the tribe Heptatheleae to a separate family, Heptathe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesothelae
The Mesothelae are a suborder of spiders (order Araneae). , two extant families were accepted by the World Spider Catalog, Liphistiidae and Heptathelidae. Alternatively, the Heptathelidae can be treated as a subfamily of a more broadly circumscribed Liphistiidae. There are also a number of extinct families. This suborder is thought to form the sister group to all other living spiders, and to retain ancestral characters, such as a segmented abdomen with spinnerets in the middle and two pairs of book lungs. Extant members of the Mesothelae are medium to large spiders with eight eyes grouped on a tubercle. They are found only in China, Japan, and southeast Asia. The oldest known Mesothelae spiders are from the Carboniferous, over 300 million years ago. Taxonomy Reginald Innes Pocock in 1892 was the first to realize that the exceptional characters of the genus '' Liphistius'' (the only member of the group then known) meant that it was more different from the remaining spiders th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theraphosidae
Tarantulas comprise a group of large and often hairy spiders of the family Theraphosidae. , 1,100 species have been identified, with 166 genera. The term "tarantula" is usually used to describe members of the family Theraphosidae, although many other members of the same infraorder ( Mygalomorphae) are commonly referred to as "tarantulas" or "false tarantulas". Some of the more common species have become popular in the exotic pet trade. Many New World species kept as pets have setae known as urticating hairs that can cause irritation to the skin, and in extreme cases, cause damage to the eyes. Overview Like all arthropods, the tarantula is an invertebrate that relies on an exoskeleton for muscular support.Pomeroy, R. (2014, February 4). Pub. Real Clear Science, "Spiders, and Their Amazing Hydraulic Legs and Genitalia". Retrieved October 13, 2019, from https://www.realclearscience.com/blog/2013/02/spiders-their-amazing-hydraulic-legs-and-genitals.html. Like other Arachni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Temperate Climate
In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (approximately 23.5° to 66.5° N/S of the Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ranges throughout the year and more distinct seasonal changes compared to tropical climates, where such variations are often small; they usually differ only in the amount of precipitation. In temperate climates, not only do latitudinal positions influence temperature changes, but various sea currents, prevailing wind direction, continentality (how large a landmass is) and altitude also shape temperate climates. The Köppen climate classification defines a climate as "temperate" C, when the mean temperature is above but below in the coldest month to account for the persistence of frost. However, some adaptations of Köppen set the minimum at . Continental climates are classified as D and considered to be varieties of temperate climates, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nemesiidae
Nemesiidae is a family of mygalomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1889, and raised to family status in 1985. Before becoming its own family, it was considered part of "Dipluridae". The family is sometimes referred to as wishbone spiders due to the shape of their burrows. Description Nemesiidae are relatively large spiders with robust legs and a body that is nearly three times as long as it is wide. They are darkly colored, brown to black, though some have silvery hairs on their carapace. '' Atmetochilus'' females can grow over long. They live in burrows, often with a hinged trapdoor. This door is pushed up while the spider waits for passing prey. They rarely leave their burrows, catching prey and withdrawing as quickly as possible. Some of these burrows have side tubes. For the east-Asian genus '' Sinopesa'' it is uncertain whether it builds burrows at all. Genera , the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera: *'' Amblyocarenum'' Simon, 1892 *'' Br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Migidae
Migidae, also known as tree trapdoor spiders, is a family of spiders with about 100 species in eleven genera. They are small to large spiders with little to no hair and build burrows with a trapdoor. Some species live in tree fern stems. They have a Gondwanan distribution, found almost exclusively on the Southern Hemisphere, occurring in South America, Africa, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia. Genera , the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera: *''Bertmainius'' Harvey, Main, Rix & Cooper, 2015 — Australia *'' Calathotarsus'' Simon, 1903 — Chile, Argentina *'' Goloboffia'' Griswold & Ledford, 2001 — Chile *'' Heteromigas'' Hogg, 1902 — Australia *'' Mallecomigas'' Goloboff & Platnick, 1987 — Chile *'' Micromesomma'' Pocock, 1895 — Madagascar *''Migas Migas (, ) ("crumbs" in English language, English) is a dish traditionally made from stale bread and other ingredients in Spanish cuisine, Spanish and Portuguese cuisines. Originally in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Idiopidae
Idiopidae, also known as armored or spiny trapdoor spiders, is a family of mygalomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon Eugène Louis Simon (; 30 April 1848 – 17 November 1924) was a French naturalist who worked particularly on insects and spiders, but also on birds and plants. He is by far the most prolific spider Taxonomy (biology), taxonomist in history, ... in 1889. Behaviour Idiopidae build burrows, and some species close these with a trapdoor lined with silk. ''Prothemenops siamensis'' from Thailand, which is about 2 cm long, builds its retreat in a streamside vertical earth bank in lower montane rainforest. Each burrow has two or three entrances that lead into a main tube. The trapdoor is a form of safety and ways of ambushing prey. Idiopidae adapt and live in many various environments as seen by the map on the far right, which leads to the various species to co-exist with other Idiopidae and other spiders outside of the family. Idiopidae are not po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyclocosmia
''Cyclocosmia'' is a genus of mygalomorph trapdoor spiders in the family Halonoproctidae, first described by Anton Ausserer in 1871. Originally placed with the Ctenizidae, when the family split in 2018, this genus was placed with the Halonoproctidae as the type genus. The name is derived from the Greek "kyklos" (), meaning "circle", and "kosmeo" (), meaning "to adorn". Description These are trapdoor spiders, whose species are distinguished from each other by the pattern of the abdominal disk, the number of hairs on its seam, and the shape of the spermathecae. They have abdomens that are abruptly truncated, ending in a hardened disc that is strengthened by a system of ribs and grooves. They use this to clog the entrance of their burrows when threatened, a phenomenon called phragmosis. The disks have strong spines around the edge, and they each have four spinnerets just anterior to it. The posterior, retractable spinnerets are particularly large. ''C. ricketti'' females are l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phragmosis
Phragmosis is any method by which an animal defends itself in its burrow, by using its own body as a barrier. This term was originally coined by W. M. Wheeler (1927), while describing the defensive technique exhibited by insects. Wheeler observed the positioning of specially modified body structures to block nest entrances, as exhibited in various insect species. The term phragmosis has since been further extended beyond just insects. Examples of phragmosis are found in the order Anura (frogs and toads). Some species, such as ''Pternohyla fodiens'' and ''Corythomantis greeningi'', have evolved a peculiarly casqued head adapted to protect the animal as it backs down a hole. Another example is the head-plug defense used by the aphid ''Astegopteryx'' sp., in which a banana-bunch shaped gall consisting of several subgalls is used as a barrier. Arguably, the most commonly observed phragmotic behaviour is within the ant family. The behaviour is displayed in numerous taxa such as ''Camp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
