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Sterculiaceae
Sterculiaceae was a family of flowering plant based on the genus '' Sterculia''. Genera formerly included in Sterculiaceae are now placed in the family Malvaceae, in the subfamilies: Byttnerioideae, Dombeyoideae, Helicteroideae and Sterculioideae. As traditionally circumscribed the Sterculiaceae, Malvaceae, Bombacaceae, and Tiliaceae comprise the "core Malvales" of the Cronquist system and the close relationship among these families is generally recognized. Sterculiaceae may be separated from Malvaceae '' sensu stricto'' by the smooth surface of the pollen grains and the bilocular anthers. Numerous phylogenetic studies have revealed that Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae and Bombacaceae as traditionally defined are cladistically polyphyletic. The APG and APG II systems unite Bombacaceae, Malvaceae ''sensu stricto'', Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae into a more widely circumscribed Malvaceae, i.e., Malvaceae '' sensu lato''. In that view the taxa formerly classified in Sterculiaceae are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flowering Plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed within a fruit. The group was formerly called Magnoliophyta. Angiosperms are by far the most diverse group of Embryophyte, land plants with 64 Order (biology), orders, 416 Family (biology), families, approximately 13,000 known Genus, genera and 300,000 known species. They include all forbs (flowering plants without a woody Plant stem, stem), grasses and grass-like plants, a vast majority of broad-leaved trees, shrubs and vines, and most aquatic plants. Angiosperms are distinguished from the other major seed plant clade, the gymnosperms, by having flowers, xylem consisting of vessel elements instead of tracheids, endosperm within their seeds, and fruits that completely envelop the seeds. The ancestors of flowering plants diverged from the commo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
APG II System
The APG II system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II system) of plant classification is the second, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly Molecular phylogenetics, molecular-based, list of systems of plant taxonomy, system of plant taxonomy that was published in April 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group.Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003)An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II.''Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society'' 141(4): 399-436. doi: 10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x It was a revision of the first APG system, published in 1998, and was superseded in 2009 by a further revision, the APG III system. __TOC__ History APG II was published as: *Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II". ''Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society'' 141(4): 399-436. (Available onlineAbstractFull text (HTML)Fu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astiria
''Ruizia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Malvaceae. It contains 13 species native mostly to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Réunion), and one species native to Madagascar. The genus was described in 1786 by Antonio José Cavanilles, and named for Spanish botanist Hipólito Ruiz López (1754–1815). It was long thought to contain a single species, '' Ruizia cordata'', endemic to Réunion. In 2021 the genus was re-circumscribed to include the genus ''Trochetia'' and several species formerly classed in genus ''Dombeya ''Dombeya'' is a flowering plant genus. Traditionally included in the family Sterculiaceae, it is included in the expanded Malvaceae in the APG and most subsequent systematics. These plants are known by a number of vernacular names which sometim ...''.Dorr, L.J. and Wurdack, K.J. (2021), Indo-Asian Eriolaena expanded to include two Malagasy genera, and other generic realignments based on molecular phylogenetics of Dombeyoideae (Malva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acropogon
''Acropogon'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae. The genus is endemic to New Caledonia. It contains around 25 species. Its closest relatives are Australian genera: '' Argyrodendron'', '' Brachychiton'' and '' Franciscodendron''. List of species , The Plant List accepted 24 species: *'' Acropogon aoupiniensis'' Morat *'' Acropogon austrocaledonicus'' (Hook.) Morat *'' Acropogon bosseri'' Morat & Chalopin *'' Acropogon bullatus'' (Pancher & Sebert) Morat *'' Acropogon calcicola'' Morat & Chalopin *'' Acropogon chalopiniae'' Morat *'' Acropogon domatifer'' Morat *'' Acropogon dzumacensis'' (Guillaumin) Morat *'' Acropogon fatsioides'' Schltr. *'' Acropogon francii'' (Guillaumin) Morat *'' Acropogon grandiflorus'' Morat & Chalopin *'' Acropogon horarius'' Gâteblé & Munzinger *''Acropogon jaffrei'' Morat & Chalopin *'' Acropogon macrocarpus'' Morat & Chalopin *'' Acropogon margaretae'' Morat & Chalopin *'' Acropogon megaphyllus'' (Bureau & Poiss. ex Guillaumin) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abroma
''Abroma'' is a genus in the family Malvaceae, with one or two species from Asia and Australia. ''Ambroma'' is an orthographic variant. Taxonomy The genus was described by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin in 1776 with a single species ''Abroma fastuosum'', which was illustrated and described. However, because Jacquin was renaming ''Theobroma augusta'' L., according to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, he was required to use the name ''Abroma augustum'', and ''A. fastuosum'' is an illegitimate name. The correct name of the type species, ''A. augustum'' (L.) L. f., was made in 1782 by Carl Linnaeus the Younger. Species *''Abroma augustum'' (L.) L.f. – devil's cotton, bark a source of jute-like fibre Fiber (spelled fibre in British English; from ) is a natural or artificial substance that is significantly longer than it is wide. Fibers are often used in the manufacture of other materials. The strongest engineering materials often incorp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sterculiaceae - Bagh-e-Jinnah
Sterculiaceae was a family of flowering plant based on the genus ''Sterculia''. Genera formerly included in Sterculiaceae are now placed in the family Malvaceae, in the subfamilies: Byttnerioideae, Dombeyoideae, Helicteroideae and Sterculioideae. As traditionally circumscribed the Sterculiaceae, Malvaceae, Bombacaceae, and Tiliaceae comprise the "core Malvales" of the Cronquist system and the close relationship among these families is generally recognized. Sterculiaceae may be separated from Malvaceae ''sensu stricto'' by the smooth surface of the pollen grains and the bilocular anthers. Numerous phylogenetic studies have revealed that Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae and Bombacaceae as traditionally defined are cladistically polyphyletic. The APG and APG II systems unite Bombacaceae, Malvaceae ''sensu stricto'', Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae into a more widely circumscribed Malvaceae, i.e., Malvaceae ''sensu lato''. In that view the taxa formerly classified in Sterculiaceae are treated in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theobroma Cacao Flower 01
''Theobroma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Malva, mallow family, Malvaceae. It was previously classified as a member of Sterculiaceae, which has been incorporated into Malvaceae to make it monophyletic. It contains roughly 20 species of small understory trees native to the tropical forests of Central America, Central and South America. The seeds of the cacao tree (''Theobroma cacao''), the best known species of the genus, are used for making chocolate. Theobroma grandiflorum, Cupuaçu (''Theobroma grandiflorum''), Theobroma bicolor, mocambo (''Theobroma bicolor'') and Theobroma speciosum, capacui (''Theobroma speciosum'') are also of economic importance. Taxonomy It was published by Carl Linnaeus in 1753.Linné, Carl von, & Salvius, Lars. (1753). Caroli Linnaei ... Species plantarum :exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas... (Vo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kola Nut
The kola nut ( Yoruba: ''obi'', Dagbani: ''guli'', Hausa: goro, Igbo: ''ọjị'', Sängö: ''gôro,'' Swahili: ''mukezu'') is the seed of certain species of plant of the genus ''Cola'', placed formerly in the cocoa family Sterculiaceae and now usually subsumed in the mallow family Malvaceae (as subfamily Sterculioideae). These cola species are trees native to the tropical rainforests of Africa. Their caffeine-containing seeds are used as flavoring ingredients in various carbonated soft drinks, from which the name ''cola'' originates. Description About across, the kola nut is a nut of evergreen trees of the genus ''Cola'', primarily of the species ''Cola acuminata'' and '' Cola nitida''. ''Cola acuminata'', an evergreen tree about 20 meters in height, has long, ovoid leaves pointed at both the ends with a leathery texture. The trees have cream-white flowers with purplish-brown striations, and star-shaped fruit consisting of usually 5 follicles. Inside each follicle, ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theobroma Cacao
''Theobroma cacao'' (cacao tree or cocoa tree) is a small ( tall) evergreen tree in the Malvaceae family. Its seedscocoa beansare used to make chocolate liquor, cocoa solids, cocoa butter and chocolate. Although the tree is native to the tropics of the Americas, the largest producer of cocoa beans in 2022 was Ivory Coast. The plant's leaf, leaves are alternate, entire, unlobed, long and broad. Description Flowers The flowers are produced in clusters directly on the Trunk (botany), trunk and older branches; this is known as cauliflory. The flowers are small, diameter, with pink Calyx (botany), calyx. The floral formula, used to represent the structure of a flower using numbers, is ✶ K5 C5 A(5°+52) (5). While many of the world's flowers are pollinated by bees (Hymenoptera) or Butterfly, butterflies/moths (Lepidoptera), cacao flowers are pollinated by tiny flies, ''Forcipomyia'' biting midges. Using the natural pollinator ''Forcipomyia'' midges produced more fruit tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cocoa Solids
Dry cocoa solids are the components of cocoa beans remaining after cocoa butter, the fatty component of the bean, is extracted from chocolate liquor, roasted cocoa beans that have been ground into a liquid state. Cocoa butter is 46% to 57% of the weight of cocoa beans and gives chocolate its characteristic melting properties. Cocoa powder is the powdered form of the dry solids with a small remaining amount of cocoa butter. Untreated cocoa powder is bitter and acidic. Dutch process cocoa has been treated with an alkali to neutralize the acid. Cocoa powder contains flavanols, amounts of which are reduced if the cocoa is subjected to acid-reducing alkalization. Other definitions of cocoa solids, especially legal ones, include all cocoa ingredients (cocoa mass, cocoa powder and cocoa butter). In this case, cocoa solids without cocoa butter are specified as non-fat cocoa solids. Production Cocoa solids are what remains after cocoa butter is pressed from chocolate liquor. The li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chocolate
Chocolate is a food made from roasted and ground cocoa beans that can be a liquid, solid, or paste, either by itself or to flavoring, flavor other foods. Cocoa beans are the processed seeds of the cacao tree (''Theobroma cacao''); unprocessed, they taste intensely bitter. In making chocolate, these seeds Cocoa bean fermentation, are usually fermented to develop the flavor. They are then dried, cleaned, and roasted. The shell is removed to reveal nibs, which are ground to chocolate liquor: unadulterated chocolate in rough form. The liquor can be processed to separate its two components, cocoa solids and cocoa butter, or shaped and sold as unsweetened baking chocolate. By adding sugar, sweetened chocolates are produced, which can be sold simply as dark chocolate (a.k.a., plain chocolate), or, with the addition of milk, can be made into milk chocolate. Making milk chocolate with cocoa butter and without cocoa solids produces white chocolate. In some chocolates, other ingredients ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
