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Sterculiaceae - Bagh-e-Jinnah
Sterculiaceae was a family of flowering plant based on the genus ''Sterculia''. Genera formerly included in Sterculiaceae are now placed in the family Malvaceae, in the subfamilies: Byttnerioideae, Dombeyoideae, Helicteroideae and Sterculioideae. As traditionally circumscribed the Sterculiaceae, Malvaceae, Bombacaceae, and Tiliaceae comprise the "core Malvales" of the Cronquist system and the close relationship among these families is generally recognized. Sterculiaceae may be separated from Malvaceae ''sensu stricto'' by the smooth surface of the pollen grains and the bilocular anthers. Numerous phylogenetic studies have revealed that Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae and Bombacaceae as traditionally defined are cladistically polyphyletic. The APG and APG II systems unite Bombacaceae, Malvaceae ''sensu stricto'', Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae into a more widely circumscribed Malvaceae, i.e., Malvaceae ''sensu lato''. In that view the taxa formerly classified in Sterculiaceae are treated in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flowering Plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. They include all forbs (flowering plants without a woody stem), grasses and grass-like plants, a vast majority of broad-leaved trees, shrubs and vines, and most aquatic plants. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ἀγγεῖον / ('container, vessel') and σπέρμα / ('seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed within a fruit. They are by far the most diverse group of land plants with 64 orders, 416 families, approximately 13,000 known genera and 300,000 known species. Angiosperms were formerly called Magnoliophyta (). Angiosperms are distinguished from the other seed-producing plants, the gymnosperms, by having flowers, xylem consisting of vessel elements instead of tracheids, endosperm within their seeds, and fruits that completely envelop the seeds. The ancestors of flowering plants diverged from the common ance ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
APG II System
The APG II system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II system) of plant classification is the second, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy that was published in April 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group.Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003)An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II.'' Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society'' 141(4): 399-436. doi: 10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x It was a revision of the first APG system, published in 1998, and was superseded in 2009 by a further revision, the APG III system. History APG II was published as: *Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II". '' Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society'' 141(4): 399-436. (Available onlineAbstractFull text (HTML)Full text (PDF) doi: 10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x) Eac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astiria
''Astiria'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Malvaceae. Its native range is Mauritius Mauritius ( ; french: Maurice, link=no ; mfe, label=Mauritian Creole, Moris ), officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about off the southeast coast of the African continent, east of Madagascar. It incl .... It has one accepted species, ''Astiria rosea'' . References {{Taxonbar, from=Q8207465 Malvaceae Malvaceae genera Endemic flora of Mauritius Monotypic Malvales genera Dombeyoideae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acropogon
''Acropogon'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae. The genus is endemic to New Caledonia. It contains around 25 species. Its closest relatives are Australian genera: ''Argyrodendron'', ''Brachychiton'' and '' Franciscodendron''. List of species , The Plant List accepted 24 species: *''Acropogon aoupiniensis ''Acropogon aoupiniensis'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae. It is found only in New Caledonia ) , anthem = "" , image_map = New Caledonia on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg , map_alt = L ...'' Morat *''Acropogon austrocaledonicus'' (Hook.) Morat *''Acropogon bosseri'' Morat & Chalopin *''Acropogon bullatus'' (Pancher & Sebert) Morat *''Acropogon calcicola'' Morat & Chalopin *''Acropogon chalopiniae'' Morat *''Acropogon domatifer'' Morat *''Acropogon dzumacensis'' (Guillaumin) Morat *''Acropogon fatsioides'' Schltr. *''Acropogon francii'' (Guillaumin) Morat *''Acropogon grandiflorus'' Morat & Cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abroma
''Abroma'' is a genus in the family Malvaceae, with one or two species from Asia and Australia. ''Ambroma'' is an orthographic variant. Taxonomy The genus was described by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin in 1776 with a single species ''Abroma fastuosum'', which was illustrated and described. However, because Jacquin was renaming ''Theobroma augusta'' L., according to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, he was required to use the name ''Abroma augustum'', and ''A. fastuosum'' is an illegitimate name. The correct name of the type species, ''A. augustum'' (L.) L. f., was made in 1782 by Carl Linnaeus the Younger. Species *''Abroma augustum'' (L.) L.f. – devil's cotton, bark a source of jute-like fibre Fiber or fibre (from la, fibra, links=no) is a natural or artificial substance that is significantly longer than it is wide. Fibers are often used in the manufacture of other materials. The strongest engineering materials often incorpor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sterculiaceae - Bagh-e-Jinnah
Sterculiaceae was a family of flowering plant based on the genus ''Sterculia''. Genera formerly included in Sterculiaceae are now placed in the family Malvaceae, in the subfamilies: Byttnerioideae, Dombeyoideae, Helicteroideae and Sterculioideae. As traditionally circumscribed the Sterculiaceae, Malvaceae, Bombacaceae, and Tiliaceae comprise the "core Malvales" of the Cronquist system and the close relationship among these families is generally recognized. Sterculiaceae may be separated from Malvaceae ''sensu stricto'' by the smooth surface of the pollen grains and the bilocular anthers. Numerous phylogenetic studies have revealed that Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae and Bombacaceae as traditionally defined are cladistically polyphyletic. The APG and APG II systems unite Bombacaceae, Malvaceae ''sensu stricto'', Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae into a more widely circumscribed Malvaceae, i.e., Malvaceae ''sensu lato''. In that view the taxa formerly classified in Sterculiaceae are treated in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theobroma Cacao Flower 01
''Theobroma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae, that is sometimes classified as a member of Sterculiaceae. It contains roughly 20 species of small understory trees native to the tropical forests of Central and South America. ''Theobroma cacao'', the best known species of the genus, is used for making chocolate. Cupuaçu (''Theobroma grandiflorum'') and Mocambo (''Theobroma bicolor'') are also of some economic importance. Taxonomy The generic name is derived from the Greek words ''theos'' meaning "god" and ''broma'' meaning "food" translating to "food of the gods". Selected species *''Theobroma angustifolium'' DC. *''Theobroma bicolor'' Humb. & Bonpl. – mocambo *''Theobroma cacao'' L. – cacao *''Theobroma canumanense'' Pires & Froes ex Cuatrec. *''Theobroma grandiflorum'' (Willd. ex Spreng.) K.Schum. – cupuaçu *''Theobroma mammosum'' Cuatrec. & Léon *''Theobroma microcarpum'' Mart. *''Theobroma obovatum'' Klotzsch ex B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kola Nut
The term kola nut usually refers to the seeds of certain species of plant of the genus ''Cola'', placed formerly in the cocoa family Sterculiaceae and now usually subsumed in the mallow family Malvaceae (as subfamily Sterculioideae). These cola species are trees native to the tropical rainforests of Africa. Their caffeine-containing seeds are used as flavoring ingredients in beverages applied to various carbonated soft drinks, from which the name ''cola'' originates. General description The kola nut is a caffeine-containing nut of evergreen trees of the genus ''Cola'', primarily of the species '' Cola acuminata'' and '' Cola nitida''. ''Cola acuminata'', an evergreen tree about 20 meters in height, has long, ovoid leaves pointed at both the ends with a leathery texture. The trees have cream flowers with purplish-brown striations, and star-shaped fruit consisting of usually 5 follicles. Inside each follicle, about a dozen prismatic seeds develop in a white seed-shell. The nu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theobroma Cacao
''Theobroma cacao'', also called the cacao tree and the cocoa tree, is a small ( tall) evergreen tree in the family Malvaceae. Its seeds, cocoa beans, are used to make chocolate liquor, cocoa solids, cocoa butter and chocolate. The largest producer of cocoa beans in 2018 was Ivory Coast, 2.2 million tons. Description Its leaves are alternate, entire, unlobed, long and broad. Flowers The flowers are produced in clusters directly on the trunk and older branches; this is known as cauliflory. The flowers are small, diameter, with pink calyx. The floral formula, used to represent the structure of a flower using numbers, is ✶ K5 C5 A(5°+52) (5). While many of the world's flowers are pollinated by bees ( Hymenoptera) or butterflies/moths ( Lepidoptera), cacao flowers are pollinated by tiny flies, '' Forcipomyia'' midges in the subfamily Forcipomyiinae. Using the natural pollinator ''Forcipomyia'' midges for ''Theobroma cacao'' was shown to have more fruit production ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cocoa Solids
Dry cocoa solids are the components of cocoa beans remaining after cocoa butter, the fatty component of the bean, is extracted from chocolate liquor, roasted cocoa beans that have been ground into a liquid state. Cocoa butter is 46% to 57% of the weight of cocoa beans and gives chocolate its characteristic melting properties. Cocoa powder is the powdered form of the dry solids with a small remaining amount of cocoa butter. Untreated cocoa powder is bitter and acidic. Dutch process cocoa has been treated with an alkali to neutralize the acid. Cocoa powder contains flavanols, amounts of which are reduced if the cocoa is subjected to acid-reducing alkalization. Physical properties Natural cocoa Natural cocoa powder is extracted with the Broma process where after the cocoa fats have been removed from the chocolate nibs the remaining dry cocoa beans are ground into cocoa powder, which is sold to consumers. Natural cocoa powder has a light-brown color and an extractable pH of 5.3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chocolate
Chocolate is a food made from roasted and ground cacao seed kernels that is available as a liquid, solid, or paste, either on its own or as a flavoring agent in other foods. Cacao has been consumed in some form since at least the Olmec civilization (19th-11th century BCE), and the majority of Mesoamerican people ─ including the Maya civilization, Maya and Aztecs ─ made chocolate beverages. The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter (taste), bitter taste and must be fermentation (food), fermented to develop the flavor. After fermentation, the seeds are dried, cleaned, and roasted. The shell is removed to produce cocoa nibs, which are then ground to cocoa mass, unadulterated chocolate in rough form. Once the cocoa mass is liquefied by heating, it is called chocolate liquor. The liquor may also be cooled and processed into its two components: cocoa solids and cocoa butter. Baking chocolate, also called bitter chocolate, contains cocoa solids and cocoa butter in varyi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
