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Situa
The situa or citua (in Quechuan languages, Quechua ) was the health and ritual purification festival in the Inca Empire. It was held in Cusco, the capital of the empire, during the month of September on the day of the first moon after the spring equinox, which in the southern hemisphere takes place normally on September 23. It was a very important festival whose rites are well described by the early Spanish chroniclers, in particular Cristóbal de Molina, Polo de Ondegardo and Inca Garcilaso de la Vega. The latter witnessed situas as a child after the Spaniards had reduced them to memorials of the actual Inca festival. The situa is also mentioned by Bernabé Cobo, who copied, most probably, its text from Molina,Bauer, Brian S.; Smith-Oka Vania; E. Cantarutti, Gabriel (editors) (2011) Account of the Fables and Rites of the Incas by Cristóbal de Molina - With an introduction by Brian S. Bauer - University of Texas Press - Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa and Ju ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ushnu
In the Inca Empire the ushnu (other spelling ''usnu'', sometimes ''usñu'') was an altar for cults to the deities, a throne for the Sapa Inca (emperor), an elevated place for judgment and a reviewing stand of military command.Hyslop, John (1990). Inka Settlement Planning - University of Texas Press - Austin In several cases the ushnu may have been used as a solar observatory. Ushnus mark the center of ''plazas'' (main squares) of the Inca administrative centers all along the highland path of the Inca road system. The ushnu had also the function of a basin with a drain for libations. During the most important Inca festivals such as the Situa in Cusco, the capital of the Inca empire, the emperor poured chicha (fermented maize beverage) into the top basin as an offer to his father the Sun god and those who attended the ceremonies could drink it at a lower outlet. Sacrifices were also held in proximity of or at the ushnu.Gasparini, Graziano; Margolies, Luise (1977). Arquitectura in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pachacuti
Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui, also called Pachacútec (), was the ninth Sapa Inca of the Chiefdom of Cusco, which he transformed into the Inca Empire (). Most archaeologists now believe that the famous Inca site of Machu Picchu was built as an estate for Pachacuti.Rowe, John, 1990, "Machu Picchu a la luz de documentos de siglo XVI", ''Historia'' 16 (1), 139–154. In Quechua, the cosmogonical concept of '' pachakutiy'' means "the turn of the world" and ''yupanki'' could mean "honorable lord". During his reign, Cusco grew from a hamlet into an empire that could compete with, and eventually overtake, the Chimú empire on the northern coast. He began an era of conquest that, within three generations, expanded the Inca dominion from the valley of Cusco to a sizeable part of western South America. According to the Inca chronicler Garcilaso de la Vega, Pachacuti created the Inti Raymi to celebrate the new year in the Andes of the southern hemisphere. Pachacuti is often linked to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quechuan Languages
Quechua (, ), also called (, 'people's language') in Southern Quechua, is an indigenous language family that originated in central Peru and thereafter spread to other countries of the Andes. Derived from a common ancestral " Proto-Quechua" language, it is today the most widely spoken pre-Columbian language family of the Americas, with the number of speakers estimated at 8–10 million speakers in 2004,Adelaar 2004, pp. 167–168, 255. and just under 7 million from the most recent census data available up to 2011. Approximately 13.9% (3.7 million) of Peruvians speak a Quechua language. Although Quechua began expanding many centuries before the Incas, that previous expansion also meant that it was the primary language family within the Inca Empire. The Spanish also tolerated its use until the Peruvian struggle for independence in the 1780s. As a result, various Quechua languages are still widely spoken today, being co-official in many regions and the most spoken language in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corn Beer
Corn beer is a beer style made from corn (maize). The drink is a traditional beverage in various cuisines. Chicha, the best-known corn beer, is widespread in the Andes and local varieties of corn beer exist elsewhere. History Corn beer in the Andes has pre-Incan origins. There is archaeological evidence that elite women were responsible for brewing in the Wari culture (600 to 1000 AD). In 1796, John Boston created a corn beer, the first fermented alcohol beverage commercially produced in Sydney, Australia. A recipe for corn beer appears in ''Resources of the Southern Fields and Forests, Medical, Economical, and Agricultural'' (1863) by Francis Peyre Porcher. Italian beers Peroni and Nastro Azzuro are made from maize and barley malt. KEO beer from Cyprus is also made with maize, giving a characteristically bitter taste. Varieties Chicha is popular in Peru and is served in Arequipa's picanterías.León, Rafo and Billy HareChicha peruana: una bebida, una cultura.Universida ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apurímac River
The Apurímac River ( ; , ; from Quechua ''apu'' 'chief' and ''rimaq'' 'the one who speaks, oracle', thus 'the chief oracle') rises from glacial meltwater of the ridge of the Mismi, a mountain in the Arequipa Province in the south-western mountain ranges of Peru, from the village Caylloma, and less than from the Pacific coast. It flows generally northwest past Cusco in narrow gorges with depths of up to , almost twice as deep as the Grand Canyon The Grand Canyon is a steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in Arizona, United States. The Grand Canyon is long, up to wide and attains a depth of over a mile (). The canyon and adjacent rim are contained within Grand Canyon Nati ..., its course interrupted by falls and rapids. Of the six attempts to travel the full length of the Apurímac so far, only two have been successful. After , the Apurímac joins the Mantaro River and becomes the Ene River, above sea level; then after joining the Perené River at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quiquijana District
The Quiquijana District is one of the twelve districts in the Quispicanchi Province in Peru. Its capital is the town of Quiquijana. Geography The most important river of the district is the Willkanuta which crosses the district from south-east to north-west. One of the highest peaks of the district is Yana Urqu at . Other mountains are listed below: Ethnic groups The people in the district are mainly indigenous citizens of Quechua descent. Quechua is the language which the majority of the population (88.42%) learnt to speak in childhood, 11.25% of the residents started speaking using the Spanish language (2007 Peru Census The 2007 Peru Census was a detailed enumeration of the Peruvian population. It was conducted by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática on Sunday, October 21, 2007. Its full name in Spanish is XI Censo de Población y VI de Vivie ...). [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urubamba River
The Urubamba River or Vilcamayo River (possibly from Quechua ''Willkamayu'', for "sacred river") is a river in Peru. Upstream it is called Vilcanota River (possibly from Aymara ''Willkanuta'', for "house of the sun"). Within the La Convención Province, the name changes to Urubamba. A partially navigable headwater of the Amazon River, the Urubamba rises in the Andes to the southeast of Cusco. It originates on the slopes of Cunurana in the Puno Region, Melgar Province, near the La Raya pass. It flows north-north-west for before coalescing with the Tambo River to form the Ucayali River. The Urubamba is divided into the Upper Urubamba and the Lower Urubamba, the dividing feature being the Pongo de Mainique, an infamous whitewater canyon, where the river narrows to a width of 45 metres (148 ft). Upper Urubamba The Upper Urubamba (''Alto Urubamba'') valley features a high population and extensive irrigation works. A number of ruins of the Inca Empire The Inca Empir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qullasuyu
Qullasuyu ( Quechua and Aymara spelling, ; ''Collasuyu, Kholla Suyu''; ) was the southeastern provincial region of the Inca Empire. Qullasuyu is the region of the Qulla and related specifically to the native Qulla Quechuas who primarily resided in areas such as Cochabamba and Potosí. Most Aymara territories which are now largely incorporated into the modern South American states of northern Chile, Peru, Bolivia and the Argentine northwest were annexed during the reign of Sapa Inca Huayna Cápac in the sixteenth century. Recently, there have been movements to form a "Greater Qullasuyu" (or Qullana Suyu Marka) which would incorporate a territory similar to the former Tawantinsuyu in extent. This ideal has been proposed by the office of the Apu Mallku and the parliament of the Qullana. Qullasuyu was the largest of the four ''suyu'' (or "quarters", the largest divisions of the Inca empire) in terms of area. This ''suyu'' encompassed the Bolivian Altiplano and much of the southern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuntisuyu
Kuntisuyu or Kunti Suyu ( Quechua ''kunti'' west, ''suyu'' region, part of a territory, each of the four regions which formed the Inca Empire, "western region"; ) was the southwestern provincial region of the Inca Empire. Kuntisuyu was the smallest ''suyu'' of all and was located along the southern coast of modern Peru, extending into the highlands towards Cusco. Along with Qullasuyu, it was part of the '' Urin Suyukuna'' or "Lower Quarters" of the empire. Wamani Each ''suyu'' was divided into ''wamani'', or provinces. Kuntisuyu included the ''wamani'' of: *Acari *Angará *Arequipa Arequipa (; Aymara language, Aymara and ), also known by its nicknames of ''Ciudad Blanca'' (Spanish for "White City") and ''León del Sur'' (Spanish for "South's Lion"), is a city in Peru and the capital of the eponymous Arequipa (province), ... or Ariqipa * Atico *Aymara * Camaná, inhabited by the Maje people * Caravelí *Cavana or Qhawana * Chanca or Chanka, also called Andahuayla or An ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antisuyu
Antisuyu ( , ; ) was the eastern part of the Inca Empire which bordered on the modern-day Upper Amazon region which the Asháninka, Anti inhabited. Along with Chinchaysuyu, it was part of the ''Inca Government#Organization of the empire, Hanan Suyukuna'' or "upper quarters" of the empire,D’Altroy, Terence N. (2005). The Incas. Blackwell Publishing: Malden, p. 42-43, 86–89Steward, Julian H. & Faron, Louis, C. (1959). Native Peoples of South America. McGraw-Hill: New York, p. 185-192 constituting half of the Inca Empire, Tahuantinsuyu, the "four parts bound together" that comprised the empire. is a collective term for the many varied ethnic groups living in the Antisuyu such as the Asháninka people, Asháninka or the Tsimané people, Tsimané. Description Antisuyu is the second smallest of the ''.'' It was located northeast of Cusco in the high Andes. Indeed, it is the root of the word "Andes". 'Anti' is the likely origin of the word 'Andes', Spanish Empire, Spanish con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinchay Suyu
Chinchay Suyu or Chinchasuyu () was the northwestern provincial region of the Tawantin Suyu, or Inca Empire. The most populous ''suyu'' (or Quarter, the largest division of the Inca Empire), Chinchasuyu encompassed the former lands of the Chimú Empire and much of the northern Andes. At its largest extent, the ''suyu'' extended through much of modern Ecuador and just into modern Colombia. Along with Antisuyu, it was part of the '' Hanan Suyukuna'' or "Upper Quarters" of the empire. The name is due to the Chincha culture, which was a trader kingdom in what is now the Ica Region. ''Chinchay'' in Quechua stands for the tigrillo, animal present, although not physically, in some cultures of this region due to the Amazonian influence during the Early Horizon and Early Intermediate, such as the Chavín culture or the commercial exchange between the Huarpa -civilization located in modern-day Ayacucho that had trading routes to the Amazonas- and Nazca cultures. Before the In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coricancha
Coricancha, Curicancha, Koricancha, Qoricancha or Qorikancha (''"The Golden Temple,"'' from Quechua ''quri'' gold; ''kancha'' enclosure) was the most important temple in the Inca Empire, and was described by early Spanish colonialists. It is located in Cusco, Peru, which was the capital of the empire. History Originally named ''Intikancha'' or ''Intiwasi'',''Qurikancha'' A Homage to the Mystical, Magical, most Famous and Oldest City of the American Continent it was dedicated to Inti (the Sun god of the Inca), and is located at the former Inca capital of . The High Priest r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
