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Self-administer
Self-administration is, in its medical sense, the process of a subject administering a pharmacological Pharmacology is the science of drugs and medications, including a substance's origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutic use, and toxicology. More specifically, it is the study of the interactions that occur between ... substance to themself. A clinical example of this is the subcutaneous "self-injection" of insulin by a Diabetes, diabetic patient. In animal experimentation, self-administration is a form of operant conditioning where the Reinforcement, reward is a drug. This drug can be administered remotely through an implanted intravenous line or an intracerebroventricular injection. Self-administration of putatively addictive drugs is considered one of the most valid experimental models to investigate Substance dependence, drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior. The higher the frequency with which a test animal emits the operant behavior, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reinstatement
In internal medicine, relapse or recidivism is a recurrence of a past (typically medical) condition. For example, multiple sclerosis and malaria often exhibit peaks of activity and sometimes very long periods of dormancy, followed by relapse or recrudescence. In psychiatry, relapse or reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior, is the recurrence of pathological drug use, self harm or other symptoms after a period of recovery. Relapse is often observed in individuals who have developed a drug addiction or a form of drug dependence, as well as those who have a mental disorder. Risk factors Dopamine D2 receptor availability The availability of the dopamine receptor D2 plays a role in self-administration and the reinforcing effects of cocaine and other stimulants. The D2 receptor availability has an inverse relationship to the vulnerability of reinforcing effects of the drug. With the D2 receptors becoming limited, the user becomes more susceptible to the reinforcing effects of cocai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
