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Seadornavirus
''Seadornavirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the order ''Reovirales'', in the family ''Sedoreoviridae''. Human, cattle, pig, and mosquitoes serve as natural hosts. There are three species in this genus: Banna virus (BAV), Kadipiro virus, and Liao ning virus. Each of these viruses has been isolated from ''Aedes'', ''Anopheles'' and ''Culex'' mosquito populations, but only BAV has been shown to cause infection in humans, in which the symptoms are similar to Japanese encephalitis—fever, malaise, and encephalitis. The word ''seadornavirus'' is a portmanteau, meaning Southeast Asian dodeca RNA virus. Taxonomy The genus contains the following species, listed by scientific name and followed by the exemplar virus of the species: * ''Seadornavirus bannaense'', Banna virus * ''Seadornavirus kadipiroense'', Kadipiro virus Kadipiro virus (KDV) is a member of the virus family ''Sedoreoviridae''. It is an arbovirus and has been isolated from ''Culex'', ''Anopheles'', ''Armigeres'', and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banna Virus
Banna virus (BAV) is a virus belonging to ''Reovirales'', an order of segmented, non-enveloped, double-stranded RNA viruses. It is an arbovirus, being primarily transmitted to humans from the bite of infected mosquitoes of the genus '' Culex''. Pigs and cattle have also been shown to become infected. The most common symptom of infection is fever, but in some cases encephalitis may occur. There is no specific treatment for infection, so treatment is aimed at alleviating the severity of symptoms until the immune system has cleared the infection. Virology Structure and genome BAV is a small (72–75 nm in size), non-enveloped, double-stranded RNA virus surrounded by an icosahedral protein coat. Fibre proteins extend outward from the surface of the protein coat. The genome of BAV is about 19,500 base pairs in length, linear and segmented into 12 parts, encoding for genes VP1-12. Seven of these, VP1-4 and VP8-10, are structural proteins. VP4 and VP9 form the outer protein coat. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kadipiro Virus
Kadipiro virus (KDV) is a member of the virus family ''Sedoreoviridae''. It is an arbovirus and has been isolated from ''Culex'', ''Anopheles'', ''Armigeres'', and ''Aedes'' mosquitoes in Indonesia and China. Other members of the genus '' Seadornavirus'' have been linked to viral encephalitis. Characteristics Kadipiro virus contains 12 segments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) with a 21,000 base-pair genome. The capsid is icosahedral and naked, though it does temporarily acquire a viral envelope as it buds from a host cell. ''Sedoreovirinae'' viruses contain and inner, intermediate and outer capsid. The capsid is 70 nanometers in diameter with capsid spikes and 7 structural proteins. Taxonomy Kadipiro virus was once classified as '' Coltivirus JKT-7075''. It has been reclassified to the genus ''Seadornavirus'' of the family ''Sedoreoviridae''. Due to the dsRNA nature of the viral genome, the virus is classified as a Group III virus under the Baltimore classification system. Since ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liao Ning Virus
Liao ning virus (LNV) is a virus belonging to the genus ''Seadornavirus'' within the family ''Sedoreoviridae'', a family of segmented, non-enveloped, double-stranded RNA viruses. LNV was first discovered in '' Aedes dorsalis'' populations in the Liaoning province of the People's Republic of China in 2006 from mosquito samples obtained in 1997. Its geographic distribution was previously thought to be limited to China, but it has since been found in mosquito populations in Australia. In addition to ''Aedes dorsalis'', LNV has been isolated from ''Culex'' species. Virology LNV's genome is about 20,700 base pairs in length, and is segmented into 12 parts, with each segment having a major open reading frame that encodes for proteins VP1–12. VP10, believed to be a capsid protein, is responsible for determining the serotype, of which two serotypes have been identified to date. VP1 is most likely the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, VP3 is likely guanylyltransferase, a capping enzyme, VP ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sedoreoviridae
''Sedoreoviridae'' (''sedo'' = smooth) is a family of the ''Reovirales'' order of viruses. Viruses in this family are distinguished by the absence of a turreted protein on the inner capsid to produce a smooth surface. Taxonomy The family contains the following genera: * '' Cardoreovirus'' * '' Crabreovirus'' * '' Mimoreovirus'' * ''Orbivirus'' * ''Phytoreovirus'' * ''Rotavirus'' * '' Seadornavirus'' Characteristics Like other members of the ''Reovirales'' order, viruses of the ''Sedoreoviridae'' family are made of naked, icosahedral capsids containing 10-12 segments of linear double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). The Baltimore System of viral classification categorizes ''Reovirales'' in Group III. Importance Viruses classified in the ''Sedoreoviridae'' family infect a wide range of plants and animals, including some that can infect humans. There is not only the potential of a few of these viruses to cause human disease, but also to reduce the supply of crops and livestock. Viruses Gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Virus Genera
:''This is a list of genera of biological viruses. See also Comparison of computer viruses.'' This is an alphabetical list of genera of biological viruses. It includes all genus, genera and subgenera of viruses listed by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) 2022 release. *For a list of virus families and subfamilies, see List of virus families and subfamilies. *For a list of virus realms, subrealms, kingdoms, subkingdoms, phyla, subphyla, classes, subclasses, orders, and suborders, see List of higher virus taxa. A * ''Aalivirus'' * ''Aarhusvirus'' * ''Abaiavirus'' * ''Abakapovirus'' * ''Abbeymikolonvirus'' * ''Aberdnavirus'' * ''Abidjanvirus'' * ''Abouovirus'' * ''Acadevirus'' * ''Acadianvirus'' * ''Acajnonavirus'' * ''Acanvirus'' * ''Achlievirus'' * ''Acionnavirus'' * ''Acridvirus'' * ''Actinovirus'' * ''Adahivirus'' * ''Adahmuvirus'' * ''Adaiavirus'' * ''Aegirvirus'' * ''Aerosvirus'' * ''Affertcholeramvirus'' * ''Afonbuvirus'' * ''Agatevirus'' * ''Agey ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transmission Electron Micrograph
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and Focus (optics), focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a Detectors for transmission electron microscopy, detector such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device or a direct electron detector. Transmission electron microscopes are capable of imaging at a significantly higher Optical resolution, resolution than Optical microscope, light microscopes, owing to the smaller de Broglie wavelength of electrons. This enables the instrument to capture fine detail—even as small as a single column of atoms, which is thousands o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viruses
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898, more than 16,000 of the millions of virus species have been described in detail. The study of viruses is known as virology, a subspeciality of microbiology. When infected, a host cell is often forced to rapidly produce thousands of copies of the original virus. When not inside an infected cell or in the process of infecting a cell, viruses exist in the form of independent viral particles, or ''virions'', consisting of (i) genetic material, i.e., long molecules of DNA or RNA that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reovirales
''Reovirales'' is an Order (biology), order of double-stranded RNA viruses. Member viruses, called reoviruses, have a wide Host (biology), host range, including vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, protists and fungi. They lack lipid Viral envelope, envelopes and package their segmented genome within multi-layered capsids. Lack of a lipid envelope has allowed Protein tertiary structure, three-dimensional structures of these large complex viruses (diameter ~60–100 Nanometer, nm) to be obtained, revealing a structural and likely evolutionary relationship to the cystovirus family of bacteriophage. Reoviruses can affect the gastrointestinal system (such as rotaviruses) and respiratory tract. The name "reo-" is an acronym for "''r''espiratory ''e''nteric ''o''rphan" viruses''.'' The term "orphan virus" refers to the fact that some of these viruses have been observed not associated with any known disease. Even though viruses in the order ''Reovirales'' have more recently been identified ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aedes
''Aedes'' (also known as the tiger mosquito) is a genus of mosquitoes originally found in tropical and subtropical zones, but now found on all continents except Antarctica. Some species have been spread by human activity: ''Aedes albopictus'', a particularly invasive species, was spread to the Americas, including the United States, in the 1980s, by the used-tire trade. It was first described and named by German entomologist Johann Wilhelm Meigen in 1818; the generic name comes from Ancient Greek (), meaning 'unpleasant' or 'odious'. The type species for ''Aedes'' is '' Aedes cinereus''.. Systematics and phylogeny The genus was named by Johann Wilhelm Meigen in 1818. The generic name comes from the Ancient Greek , , meaning 'unpleasant' or 'odious'. As historically defined, the genus contains more than 950 species (see the list of ''Aedes'' species). The genus has been divided into several subgenera (''Aedes'', '' Diceromyia'', '' Finlaya'', ''Stegomyia'', etc.), most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anopheles
''Anopheles'' () is a genus of mosquito first described by the German entomologist Johann Wilhelm Meigen, J. W. Meigen in 1818, and are known as nail mosquitoes and marsh mosquitoes. Many such mosquitoes are Disease vector, vectors of the parasite ''Plasmodium'', a genus of protozoans that cause malaria in Plasmodium species infecting birds, birds, Plasmodium species infecting reptiles, reptiles, and Plasmodium species infecting mammals other than primates, mammals, including humans. The ''Anopheles gambiae'' mosquito is the best-known species of marsh mosquito that transmits the ''Plasmodium falciparum'', which is a malarial Parasitism, parasite deadly to human beings; no other mosquito genus is a vector of human malaria. The genus ''Anopheles'' diverged from other mosquitoes approximately (myr, mya), and, like other mosquitoes, the eggs, larvae, and pupae are Aquatic animal, aquatic. The ''Anopheles'' larva has no respiratory siphon through which to breathe, so it breathes an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Culex
''Culex'' or typical mosquitoes are a genus of mosquitoes, several species of which serve as vectors of one or more important diseases of birds, humans, and other animals. The diseases they vector include arbovirus infections such as West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis, or St. Louis encephalitis, but also filariasis and avian malaria. They occur worldwide except for the extreme northern parts of the temperate zone, and are the most common form of mosquito encountered in some major U.S. cities, such as Los Angeles. Etymology In naming this genus, Carl Linnaeus used the nonspecific Latin term for a midge or gnat: '. Description Depending on the species, the adult ''Culex'' mosquito may measure from . The adult morphology is typical of flies in the suborder Nematocera with the head, thorax, and abdomen clearly defined and the two forewings held horizontally over the abdomen when at rest. As in all Diptera capable of flight, the second pair of wings is reduced and mod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Encephalitis
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an infection of the brain caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). While most infections result in little or no symptoms, occasional inflammation of the brain occurs. In these cases, symptoms may include headache, vomiting, fever, confusion and seizures. This occurs about 5 to 15 days after infection. JEV is generally spread by mosquitoes, specifically those of the '' Culex'' type. Pigs and wild birds serve as a reservoir for the virus. The disease occurs mostly outside of cities. Diagnosis is based on blood or cerebrospinal fluid testing. Prevention is generally achieved with the Japanese encephalitis vaccine, which is both safe and effective. Other measures include avoiding mosquito bites. Once infected, there is no specific treatment, with care being supportive. This is generally carried out in a hospital. Permanent problems occur in up to half of people who recover from JE. The disease primarily occurs in East and Southeast Asia as w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
