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Sapindus
''Sapindus'' is a genus of about thirteen species of shrubs and small trees in the lychee family, Sapindaceae and tribe Sapindeae. It is native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the world. The genus includes both deciduous and evergreen species. Members of the genus are commonly known as soapberries or soapnuts because the fruit pulp is used to make soap. The generic name is derived from the Latin words ''sapo'', meaning "soap", and ''indicus'', meaning "of India". The leaves are alternate, long, pinnate (except in ''S. oahuensis'', which has simple leaves), with 14-30 leaflets, the terminal leaflet often absent. The flowers form in large panicles, each flower small, creamy white. The fruit is a small leathery-skinned drupe in diameter, yellow ripening blackish, containing one to three seeds. Fossils date back to the Cretaceous. Uses The drupes (soapnuts) contain saponins, which have surfactant properties, being used for washing by ancient Asian and American pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sapindus Emarginatus In Hyderabad W IMG 4650
''Sapindus'' is a genus of about thirteen species of shrubs and small trees in the lychee family, Sapindaceae and tribe Sapindeae. It is native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the world. The genus includes both deciduous and evergreen species. Members of the genus are commonly known as soapberries or soapnuts because the fruit pulp is used to make soap. The generic name is derived from the Latin words ''sapo'', meaning "soap", and ''indicus'', meaning "of India". The leaves are alternate, long, pinnate (except in ''S. oahuensis'', which has simple leaves), with 14-30 leaflets, the terminal leaflet often absent. The flowers form in large panicles, each flower small, creamy white. The fruit is a small leathery-skinned drupe in diameter, yellow ripening blackish, containing one to three seeds. Fossils date back to the Cretaceous. Uses The drupes (soapnuts) contain saponins, which have surfactant properties, being used for washing by ancient Asian and American peo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sapindus Saponaria
''Sapindus saponaria'' is a small to medium-sized deciduous tree native to the Americas. Common names include wingleaf soapberry, western soapberry, jaboncillo, sullukuLouis Girault, ''Kallawaya - guérisseurs itinérants des Andes. Recherches sur les pratiques médicinales et magiques.'' Paris 1984. p. 301. ''Cholokke, Sulluku (K). Sapindus saponaria''César del Solar Meza, Rainer Hostnig (2006): ''Litograbados indígenas en la arquitectura colonial del Departamento del Cusco, Perú'' and ''manele'' and ''a'e'' ( Hawaiian). Its genus name, "''Sapindus''", comes from the Latin, meaning Indian soap, and its specific epithet means "soapy." Taxonomy ''Plants of the World Online'' includes the following accepted Infraspecifics: # ''S. saponaria'' var. ''saponaria'' (syn. '' S. marginatus'' Willd., ''S. thurstonii'' Rock) – Wingleaf soapberry native almost exclusively to far south Florida in the United States but also occurs in an isolated area of coastal southeast Georgia. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sapindus Marginatus
''Sapindus marginatus'', the Florida soapberry, is native to Georgia, Florida and South Carolina. It grows as a small to medium-sized small tree that usually grows to tall. It has pale gray or brown, ridged bark. The leaves are up to foot long with 6 to 13 leaflets. The leaflets are long and wide, and have pointed tips with no teeth on the edges. The leaflets may be opposite or alternate. The leaves fall in the early spring. Florida soapberry is similar to tropical soapberry (''Sapindus saponaria''). Some botanists consider Florida soapberry to be the same species as tropical soapberry. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q22112311 Sapindus, marginatus Trees of Northern America ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sapindeae
Sapindoideae is a subfamily of flowering plants in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae. It includes a number of fruit trees, including lychees, longans, rambutans, and quenepas. Tribes and genera This follows the updated classification of Buerki ''et al.'' Tribe Athyaneae Acev.‐Rodr. (2017). Type: ''Athyana'' * '' Athyana'' (1 species; Peru, Bolivia, Argentina) * '' Diatenopteryx'' (2; Southern South America) Tribe Blomieae Buerki & Callm. (2021). Type: ''Blomia'' * '' Blomia'' (1 species; Mexico, Guatemala and Belize) Tribe Bridgesieae Acev.‐Rodr. (2017). Type: ''Bridgesia'' * '' Bridgesia'' (1 species; Chile) Tribe Cupanieae Blume (1857). Type: ''Cupania'' * '' Alectryon'' (25 species; Malesia, Australasia and Micronesia) * '' Arytera'' (c. 28; India, Southeast Asia to Australasia) * '' Castanospora'' (1; Australia) * '' Cnesmocarpon'' (1; Australia, Papua New Guinea) * '' Cupania'' (c. 50; Neotropical) * '' Cupaniopsis'' (60; Malesia to Australasia) * '' D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lychee
Lychee ( , ; ''Litchi chinensis''; ) is a monotypic taxon and the sole member in the genus ''Litchi'' in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae. There are three distinct subspecies of lychee. The most common is the Indochinese lychee found in South China, Malaysia, and northern Vietnam. The other two are the Philippine lychee (locally called ''alupag'' or ''matamata'') found only in the Philippines and the Javanese lychee cultivated in Indonesia and Malaysia. The tree has been introduced throughout Southeast Asia and South Asia. Cultivation in China is documented from the 11th century. China is the main producer of lychees, followed by India, Vietnam, other countries in Southeast Asia, other countries in South Asia, Madagascar, and South Africa. A tall evergreen tree, it bears small fleshy sweet fruits. The outside of the fruit is a pink-red, rough-textured soft shell. Lychee seeds contain methylene cyclopropyl glycine which has caused hypoglycemia associated with outbreaks of e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sapindaceae
The Sapindaceae are a family (biology), family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales known as the soapberry family. It contains 138 genera and 1,858 accepted species. Examples include Aesculus, horse chestnut, maples, ackee and lychee. The Sapindaceae occur in temperate to tropical regions, many in laurel forest habitat, throughout the world. Many are Glossary of botanical terms#laticiferous, laticiferous, i.e. they contain latex, a milky sap, and many contain mildly Toxicity, toxic saponins with soap-like qualities in either the foliage and/or the seeds, or roots. The largest genera are ''Serjania'', ''Paullinia'', ''Allophylus'' and ''Maple, Acer''. Description Plants of this family have a variety of habits, from trees to herbaceous plants to lianas. The leaves of the tropical genera are usually spirally alternate, while those of the temperate maples (''Maple, Acer), Aesculus'', and a few other genera are opposite. They are most often leaf shape, pinnately compound, but a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surfactant
Surfactants are chemical compounds that decrease the surface tension or interfacial tension between two liquids, a liquid and a gas, or a liquid and a solid. The word ''surfactant'' is a Blend word, blend of "surface-active agent", coined in 1950. As they consist of a water-repellent and a water-attracting part, they enable water and oil to mix; they can form foam and facilitate the detachment of dirt. Surfactants are among the most widespread and commercially important chemicals. Private households as well as many industries use them in large quantities as detergent, detergents and cleaning agents, but also for example as emulsion#Emulsifiers, emulsifiers, wetting agents, foaming agents, Antistatic agent, antistatic additives, or dispersants. Surfactants occur naturally in traditional plant-based detergents, e.g. Aesculus, horse chestnuts or Sapindus, soap nuts; they can also be found in the secretions of some caterpillars. Today one of the most commonly used anionic surfa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saponin
Saponins (Latin ''sapon'', 'soap' + ''-in'', 'one of') are bitter-tasting, usually toxic plant-derived secondary metabolites. They are organic chemicals that become foamy when agitated in water and have high molecular weight. They are present in a wide range of plant species throughout the bark, leaves, stems, roots and flowers but particularly in soapwort (genus '' Saponaria''), a flowering plant, the soapbark tree ('' Quillaja saponaria''), common corn-cockle ('' Agrostemma githago'' L.), baby's breath ( ''Gypsophila'' spp.) and soybeans ('' Glycine max'' L.). They are used in soaps, medicines (e.g. drug adjuvants), fire extinguishers, dietary supplements, steroid synthesis, and in carbonated beverages (for example, being responsible for maintaining the head on root beer). Saponins are both water and fat soluble, which gives them their useful soap properties. Some examples of these chemicals are glycyrrhizin ( licorice flavoring) and quillaia (alt. quillaja), a bark ext ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endoclita Malabaricus
''Endoclita malabaricus'' is a species of moth of the family Hepialidae. It is known from the Western Ghats of India. At rest it looks like a dry leaf. The species overlaps in range with '' Endoclita magnus''. Adult moths are active particularly from March to May when they emerge. The adults have mouthparts that are highly reduced and they do not feed. They live for about three to four days. Newly emerged females lay eggs even before mating. They are prolific egg layers, some species of Hepialidae have been recorded to lay as many as 40000 eggs. The eggs are broadcast in flight. The larvae bore into the stems of plants and grow by tunneling through the centre of the stem. The entry hole is often covered in frass. The larvae take about a year before they pupate. The adults emerge after about a month from pupation. Food plants for this species include ''Acacia'', ''Ailanthus'', ''Albizia'', '' Bridelia'', ''Cajanus'', ''Callicarpa'', ''Camellia'', '' Cassia'', ''Casuarina'', ''Cle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shrub
A shrub or bush is a small to medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees by their multiple Plant stem, stems and shorter height, less than tall. Small shrubs, less than tall are sometimes termed as subshrubs. Many botany, botanical groups have species that are shrubs, and others that are trees and herbaceous plants instead. Some define a shrub as less than and a tree as over 6 m. Others use as the cutoff point for classification. Many trees do not reach this mature height because of hostile, less than ideal growing conditions, and resemble shrub-sized plants. Others in such species have the potential to grow taller in ideal conditions. For longevity, most shrubs are classified between Perennial plant, perennials and trees. Some only last about five years in good conditions. Others, usually larger and more woody, live beyond ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deciduous
In the fields of horticulture and botany, the term deciduous () means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed Leaf, leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, after flowering; and to the shedding of ripe fruit. The antonym of deciduous in the botanical sense is evergreen. Generally, the term "deciduous" means "the dropping of a part that is no longer needed or useful" and the "falling away after its purpose is finished". In plants, it is the result of natural processes. "Deciduous" has a similar meaning when referring to animal parts, such as deciduous antlers in deer, deciduous teeth (baby teeth) in some mammals (including humans); or decidua, the uterine lining that sheds off after birth. Botany In botany and horticulture, deciduous plants, including trees, shrubs and herbaceous perennials, are those that lose all of their Leaf, leaves for part of the year. This process is called abscission. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
