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Samnorsk
Samnorsk is a written standard of the Norwegian language that was proposed between the 1930s and the 1950s as a way to bridge the gap between the existing varieties. In the 20th century, Norway had two different standards: Riksmål (a variety of modern-day Bokmål) and Landsmål (a variety of modern-day Nynorsk). A spelling reform in 1917 was conducted under the direction of king Haakon VII. This was the first attempt to combine both Bokmål and Nynorsk at that time. In 1951, the Norwegian Parliament decided to create a language council that was supposed to work with getting Bokmål and Nynorsk closer to each other. But the debate became heated and controversial, mainly because words in Riksmål were supposed to become more "Norwegianized", angering a lot of those who supported the more conservative Riksmål spelling standard. What was optional in the 1917 reform became mandatory in the 1938 reform. Among the variations was the use of -''a'' in definite articles of feminine wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norwegian Language Conflict
The Norwegian language conflict (, ) is an ongoing controversy in Norwegian culture and politics about the different varieties of written Norwegian. From 1536/1537 until 1814, Danish was the standard written language of Norway due to the union of crowns with Denmark. As a result, the proximity of modern written Norwegian to Danish underpins controversies in nationalism, rural versus urban cultures, literary history, diglossia (colloquial and formal dialects, standard language), spelling reform, and orthography. In the United Kingdoms of Denmark and Norway, the official languages were Danish and German. The urban Norwegian upper class spoke Dano-Norwegian () (Danish, with Norwegian pronunciation and other minor local differences), while most people spoke their local and regional dialect. After the Treaty of Kiel transferred Norway from Denmark–Norway to Sweden–Norway in 1814, Dano-Norwegian (or "") was the sole official language until 1885 when Ivar Aasen's Landsmaa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bokmål
Bokmål () (, ; ) is one of the official written standards for the Norwegian language, alongside Nynorsk. Bokmål is by far the most used written form of Norwegian today, as it is adopted by 85% to 90% of the population in Norway. There is no countrywide standard or agreement on the pronunciation of Bokmål and the Norwegian dialects, spoken dialects vary greatly. Bokmål is regulated by the governmental Language Council of Norway. A related, more conservative Orthography, orthographic standard, commonly known as ''Riksmål'', is regulated by the non-governmental Norwegian Academy for Language and Literature. The written standard is a Norwegianised variety of the Danish language. The first Bokmål orthography was officially adopted in 1907 under the name ''Riksmål'' after being under development since 1879. The architects behind the reform were Marius Nygaard (academic), Marius Nygaard and Jacob Jonathan Aars. It was an adaptation of Danish orthography, written Danish- commonly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norwegian Language
Norwegian ( ) is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family spoken mainly in Norway, where it is an official language. Along with Swedish and Danish, Norwegian forms a dialect continuum of more or less mutually intelligible local and regional varieties; some Norwegian and Swedish dialects, in particular, are very close. These Scandinavian languages, together with Faroese and Icelandic as well as some extinct languages, constitute the North Germanic languages. Faroese and Icelandic are not mutually intelligible with Norwegian in their spoken form because continental Scandinavian has diverged from them. While the two Germanic languages with the greatest numbers of speakers, English and German, have close similarities with Norwegian, neither is mutually intelligible with it. Norwegian is a descendant of Old Norse, the common language of the Germanic peoples living in Scandinavia during the Viking Age. Today there are two official forms of ''written'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riksmål
(, also , ) is an unofficial written Norwegian language form or spelling standard, meaning the ''National Language'', closely related and now almost identical to the dominant form of Bokmål, known as . Both Bokmål and Riksmål evolved from the Danish written language as used in Norway during the countries' union and beyond, and from the pronunciation of Danish that became the native language of Norwegian elites by the 18th century. By the late 19th century, the main written language became known as in both Denmark and Norway; the written language in Norway remained identical to Danish until 1907, although it was generally known as "Norwegian" in Norway. From 1907, successive spelling reforms gradually introduced some orthographic differences between written Norwegian and Danish. The name was adopted as the official name of the language, to differentiate it from (now Nynorsk); in 1929, the name of the official language was changed to Bokmål. From 1938, spelling reforms in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landsmål
Nynorsk (; ) is one of the two official written standards of the Norwegian language, the other being Bokmål. From 12 May 1885, it became the state-sanctioned version of Ivar Aasen's standard Norwegian language (''Landsmål''), parallel to the Dano-Norwegian written standard known as Riksmål. The name Nynorsk was introduced in 1929. After a series of reforms, it is still the written standard closer to , whereas Bokmål is closer to Riksmål and Danish. Between 10 and 15 percent of Norwegians (primarily in the west around the city of Bergen) have Nynorsk as their official language form, estimated by the number of students attending secondary schools. Nynorsk is also taught as a mandatory subject in both high school and middle school for all Norwegians who do not have it as their own language form. History Norway had its own written and oral language— Norwegian. After the Kalmar Union, Norway became a less important part of Denmark. At that time, Danish was declared the writt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poster Against Mandatory Samnorsk, 1955
A poster is a large sheet that is placed either on a public space to promote something or on a wall as decoration. Typically, posters include both textual and graphic elements, although a poster may be either wholly graphical or wholly text. Posters are designed to be both eye-catching and informative. Posters may be used for many purposes. They are a frequent tool of advertisers (particularly of events, musicians, and films), propagandists, protestors, and other groups trying to communicate a message. Posters are also used for reproductions of artwork, particularly famous works, and are generally low-cost compared to the original artwork. The modern poster, as we know it, however, dates back to the 1840s and 1850s when the printing industry perfected colour lithography and made mass production possible. History Introduction According to the French historian Max Gallo, "for over two hundred years, posters have been displayed in public places all over the world. Visually s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haakon VII Of Norway
Haakon VII (; 3 August 187221 September 1957) was King of Norway from 18 November 1905 until his death in 1957. The future Haakon VII was born in Copenhagen as Prince Carl of Denmark. He was the second son of the Crown Prince and Crown Princess of Denmark (later King Frederick VIII and Queen Louise). Prince Carl was educated at the Royal Danish Naval Academy and served in the Royal Danish Navy. After the 1905 dissolution of the union between Sweden and Norway, he was offered the Norwegian crown. Following a November plebiscite, he accepted the offer and was formally elected king of Norway by the Storting. He took the Old Norse name ''Haakon'' and ascended the throne as Haakon VII, becoming the first independent Norwegian monarch since Olaf II in 1387. As king, Haakon gained much sympathy from the Norwegian people. Although the Constitution of Norway vests the King with considerable executive powers, in practice Haakon confined himself to a representative and ceremonial rol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Storting
The Storting ( ; ) is the supreme legislature of Norway, established in 1814 by the Constitution of Norway. It is located in Oslo. The Unicameralism, unicameral parliament has 169 members and is elected every four years based on party-list proportional representation in nineteen Voting systems#Multiple-winner methods, multi-seat constituencies. A member of the Storting is known in Norwegian as a ''stortingsrepresentant'', literally "Storting representative". The assembly is led by a president and, since 2009, five vice presidents: the presidium. The members are allocated to twelve standing committees as well as four procedural committees. Three ombudsmen are directly subordinate to parliament: the Norwegian Parliamentary Intelligence Oversight Committee, Parliamentary Intelligence Oversight Committee and the Office of the Auditor General of Norway, Office of the Auditor General. Parliamentary system, Parliamentarianism was established in 1884, with the Storting operating a form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
