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Saltasauroid
Saltasauroidea is a superfamily (taxonomy), superfamily of titanosaurs named by França and colleagues in 2016 based on their phylogenetic results, for a clade uniting Aeolosaurini and Saltasauridae, as well as the intermediate genera ''Baurutitan'', ''Diamantinasaurus'' and ''Isisaurus''. The group was not defined or discussed in the text, but was supported by Carballido and colleagues in 2022 as a useful designation for subdividing titanosaurs. As there was no discussion about the intentions for the clade, Carballido gave it the definition of all taxa closer to ''Saltasaurus'' than ''Patagotitan'', encompassing half of Eutitanosauria as the sister taxon to the inversely defined Colossosauria. Carballido ''et al.'' placed Nemegtosauridae and Saltasauridae within the group, though they had Aeolosaurini within Colossosauria. The informal cladogram of titanosaur relationships they proposed is shown below. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q111752864 Lithostrotia Dinosaur superfa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titanomachya
''Titanomachya'' (named after the Titanomachy of Greek mythology) is an extinct genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous La Colonia Formation of Argentina. The genus contains a Monotypic taxon, single species, ''T. gimenezi''. It is a relatively small titanosaur, weighing around . Discovery and naming The ''Titanomachya'' holotype specimen, Museum of Paleontology Egidio Feruglio, MPEF Pv 11547, was discovered in sediments of the La Colonia Formation near the Cerro Bayo mountain and List of possible impact structures on Earth, Bajada del Diablo crater in Chubut Province of Patagonia, Argentina. The specimen consists of an incomplete, partially Joint, articulated skeleton, including a caudal vertebra, several fragmentary ribs, two haemal arches, the left humerus, fragments of the Pelvis, pelvic girdle, part of both femora, both tibiae and fibulae, and parts of both Talus bone, astragali. In 2024, Pérez-Moreno et al. Species description, described ''Tit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Udelartitan
''Udelartitan'' is an extinct genus of saltasauroid titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Guichón Formation of Uruguay. The genus contains a single species, ''U. celeste'', known from fragmentary remains of at least two individuals. Discovery and naming The ''Udelartitan'' fossil material was discovered in 2006 within sediments of the Guichón Formation (Araújo locality), near Quebracho in Paysandú Department, Uruguay. The holotype specimen, FC-DPV 3595, consists of the first three caudal vertebrae in approximate articulation. Additional bones representing an older individual (specimen FC-DPV 1900), including sixty caudal vertebrae, an incomplete left coracoid, the proximal and distal ends of the tibiae the proximal end of the fibula, six metatarsals, and two astragali, were also referred to ''Udelartitan''. Many of the bones of the referred specimen were preliminarily described by Soto, Perea & Cambiaso in 2012, who also identified several purported ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nemegtosauridae
Nemegtosauridae is a family of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaurs based on their diplodocid-like skulls. Only three species are known: '' Nemegtosaurus'', '' Quaesitosaurus'' and possibly '' Tapuiasaurus'', each from the Cretaceous. History of classification Due to the diplodocid-like nature of the taxa placed in Nemegtosauridae, the systematic position of this family in Sauropoda was disputed until recently. McIntosh (1990) included both these animals in the family Diplodocidae, subfamily Dicraeosaurinae, as they resemble the skull of '' Dicraeosaurus'', although differing in certain details. Although the skull of ''Nemegtosaurus'' was found in the same formation as the headless skeleton of '' Opisthocoelicaudia'', McIntosh (1990) kept ''Nemegtosaurus'' in Diplodocoidea while keeping ''Opisthocoelicaudia'' separate from the former, a position reiterated by Upchurch (1995, 1999), and Upchurch et al. (2004). A cladistic analysis published in 2002 transferred ''Nemegtosaurus'' an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eutitanosauria
Eutitanosauria is a clade of titanosaurs, encompassing the more derived members of the group and characterized by the absence of the hyposphene-hypantrum articulation and possibly the presence of osteoderms. The group was first named by Sanz and colleagues in 1999, who used it to unite the group of '' Argyrosaurus'', '' Lirainosaurus'', ''Saltasaurus'' and the Peiropolis titanosaur. However, this definition was not used as it made the group equivalent to Saltasauridae, so Saldago redefined it in 2003 to be all titanosaurs closer to ''Saltasaurus'' than ''Epachthosaurus''. This definition created Eutitanosauria as the sister group to Epachthosaurinae (''Epachthosaurus'' but not ''Saltasaurus''), but was problematic due to the variable nature of ''Epachthosaurus''. Eutitanosauria was often broadly similar to Lithostrotia, and has often been unused or unlabelled on phylogenies. Sometimes ''Epachthosaurus'' would be more primitive than ''Malawisaurus'', making Eutitanosauria more enc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opisthocoelicaudiinae
Opisthocoelicaudiinae is a subfamily of titanosaurian dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous. It was named by John McIntosh in 1990. Opisthocoelicaudiines are known from Mongolia, Argentina, and the United States. Two genera were assigned to Opisthocoelicaudiinae by Gonzalez ''et al.'' (2009): ''Alamosaurus'' and ''Opisthocoelicaudia'' (the type genus), a conclusion also found by Díez Díaz ''et al.'' (2018). The hands of opisthocoelicaudiines lacked wrist bones and phalanges. It was suggested by Averianov and Lopatin in 2022 that ''Opisthocoelicaudia'' was not in fact closely related to ''Saltasaurus'', and instead to ''Nemegtosaurus'' and ''Quaesitosaurus'', which are both also Laurasian, as well as isolated teeth from the Turonian of Uzbekistan and the Santonian of Kazakhstan. Suggesting a more distant relationship to ''Saltasaurus'', Averianiov and Lopatin suggested using the clade name Opisthocoelicaudiidae for the group, limiting Saltasauridae to Gondwanan taxa. Opisthocoelic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epachthosaurus
''Epachthosaurus'' (meaning "heavy lizard") was a genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous. It was a basal Lithostrotia, lithostrotian titanosaur. Its fossils have been found in Central and Northern Patagonia in South America. Discovery and naming The type species, ''E. sciuttoi'', was described by Powell in 1990. The bones assigned to it by Powell in 1990 were, originally, assigned to ''Antarctosaurus, Antarctosaurus sp.'', and then to ''Argyrosaurus, Argyrosaurus superbus?'', before being named as a new taxon. The holotype specimen is Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, MACN-CH 1317, which consists of an incomplete posterior vertebral column, dorsal vertebra. Another specimen, the paratype MACN-CH 18689, consists of a cast of six articulated caudal vertebrae, the partial sacrum, and a fragmentary pubic peduncle from the right ilium (bone), ilium. A nearly complete specimen referred to ''Epachthosaurus'', UNPSJB-PV 920, was recovered during field r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saltasaurinae
Saltasaurinae is a subfamily of titanosaurian sauropods known from the late Cretaceous period of South America, India and Madagascar. Description Saltasaurines are relatively small sauropods with the general body shape of a small head, long neck, four limbs, and a long tail. They range from the small ''Ibirania'' at around , to the larger '' Neuquensaurus'' at . A currently unnamed fragmentary sauropod from Madagascar may turn out to be a saltasaurine longer than ''Neuquensaurus''. The weight of saltasaurines is very light compared to that of some of the largest dinosaurs. Thomas R. Holtz Jr. found the genera range from around , with ''Saltasaurus'' and an unnamed genus on both extremes, respectively.Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2011) ''Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages,'Winter 2010 Appendix./ref> Saltasaurinae is the only known group of sauropods found with armour from almost every species. The most probable reason for the bony stud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opisthocoelicaudia
''Opisthocoelicaudia'' is a genus of sauropod dinosaur of the Late Cretaceous Period discovered in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia. The type species is ''Opisthocoelicaudia skarzynskii''. A well-preserved skeleton lacking only the head and neck was unearthed in 1965 by Polish and Mongolian scientists, making ''Opisthocoelicaudia'' one of the best known sauropods from the Late Cretaceous. Tooth marks on this skeleton indicate that large carnivorous dinosaurs had fed on the carcass and possibly had carried away the now-missing parts. To date, only two additional, much less complete specimens are known, including part of a shoulder and a fragmentary tail. A relatively small sauropod, ''Opisthocoelicaudia'' measured about in length. Like other sauropods, it would have been characterised by a small head sitting on a very long neck and a barrel shaped trunk carried by four column-like legs. The name ''Opisthocoelicaudia'' means "posterior cavity tail", alluding to the unusual, opisthoco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patagotitan
''Patagotitan'' is a genus of titanosaurian sauropoda, sauropod dinosaur from the Cerro Barcino Formation in Chubut Province, Patagonia, Argentina. The genus contains a single species known from at least six young adult individuals, ''Patagotitan mayorum'', which was first announced 2014 in science, in 2014 and then named 2017 in archosaur paleontology, in 2017 by José Carballido and colleagues. Preliminary studies and press releases suggested that ''Patagotitan'' was the dinosaur size, largest known titanosaur and land animal overall, with an estimated length of and an estimated weight of . Later research revised the length estimate down to and weight estimates down to approximately , suggesting that ''Patagotitan'' was of a similar size to, if not smaller than, its closest relatives ''Argentinosaurus'' and ''Puertasaurus''. Still, ''Patagotitan'' is one of the most-known titanosaurs, and so its interrelationships with other titanosaurs have been relatively consistent in phylo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nemegtosaurus
''Nemegtosaurus'' (meaning 'Reptile from the Nemegt') was a sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now Mongolia. Measuring an estimated long and weighing , it was named after the Nemegt Basin in the Gobi Desert, where the remains — a single skull — were found. The skull resembles diplodocoids in being long and low, with pencil-shaped teeth. However, recent work has shown that ''Nemegtosaurus'' is in fact a titanosaur, closely related to animals such as ''Saltasaurus'', '' Alamosaurus'' and '' Rapetosaurus''. Discovery and taxonomy The skull of ''Nemegtosaurus'' comes from the same beds as the titanosaur '' Opisthocoelicaudia'', which is known from a skeleton lacking the neck and skull. Originally, the referral of ''Nemegtosaurus'' to Diplodocoidea and ''Opisthocoelicaudia'' to Camarasauridae argued that the two represented different species. Both of these genera represent advanced titanosaurians, however, raising the possibility that the two are in fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lognkosauria
Lognkosauria is a clade of giant long-necked sauropod dinosaurs within the clade Titanosauria. It includes some of the largest and heaviest dinosaurs known. They lived in South America and likely Asia during the Late Cretaceous period. Description Lognkosaurians can be distinguished from other titanosaurs by the wide and unusually thick cervical rib loops on their neck vertebrae, the relatively narrow neural canal, and their huge vaulted neural arches. They also had very wide dorsal vertebrae with wing-like side processes, and extremely wide rib cages. Their dorsal side processes are also fairly in-line with the level of the neural canal. Skull material from ''Malawisaurus'', the sister taxon to Lognkosauria, indicates that lognkosaurians at least began with the big-nosed, rounded head shape of earlier titanosaurs and more basal macronarians. Classification Lognkosauria was defined as the clade encompassing the most recent common ancestor of '' Futalognkosaurus dukei'' and '' Me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diamantinasauria
Diamantinasauria is an extinct clade of somphospondylan titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs with close affinities to the Titanosauria, known from the early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) of South America and Australia. It was named by Poropat and colleagues in 2021, and contains four (or five, depending on the placement of ''Wintonotitan'') genera: '' Australotitan'', '' Savannasaurus'' and '' Diamantinasaurus'' from the Winton Formation of Queensland, as well as ''Sarmientosaurus'' from the Bajo Barreal Formation of Patagonia. The existence of the clade indicates connectivity between Australia and South America via Antarctica during the Cretaceous period. Though Diamantinasauria has been recovered consistently as a monophyletic clade, its placement within Titanosauria has fluctuated, meaning that while it appears to be relatively stable as a clade, its content and definition may change with further analysis and study. In their 2024 description of the basal titanosaur '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
