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Robotaxi
A robotaxi, also known as robot taxi, robo-taxi, self-driving taxi or driverless taxi, is an autonomous car ( SAE automation level 4 or 5) operated for a ridesharing company. Some studies have hypothesized that robotaxis operated in an autonomous mobility on demand (AMoD) service could be one of the most rapidly adopted applications of autonomous cars at scale and a major mobility solution, especially in urban areas. Moreover, they could have a very positive impact on road safety, traffic congestion and parking. Robotaxis could also reduce urban pollution and energy consumption, since these services will most probably use electric cars and for most of the rides, less vehicle size and range is necessary compared to individually owned vehicles. The expected reduction in number of vehicles means less embodied energy; however energy consumption for redistribution of empty vehicles must be taken into account. Robotaxis would reduce operating costs by eliminating the need for a human ...
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Cruise (autonomous Vehicle)
Cruise LLC was an American self-driving car company that became a subsidiary of General Motors, headquartered in San Francisco, California. Founded in 2013 by Kyle Vogt and Dan Kan (executive), Dan Kan, Cruise tested and developed autonomous car technology. The company was acquired by General Motors in 2016, and operated as a largely autonomous subsidiary, focusing on producing a fleet of driverless taxis. Following a series of incidents, it suspended operations in October 2023, and Kyle Vogt resigned as CEO in November 2023. The company began returning its vehicles to public roads in May 2024. In December 2024, GM stopped funding Cruise. Work on autonomous vehicles was to be incorporated into development of advanced driver assistance systems for personal vehicles, no longer funding autonomous taxis. History Cruise initially focused on developing direct-to-consumer kits to retrofit vehicles with limited self-driving capabilities. The earlier generation of Cruise technology, RP ...
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Waymo
Waymo LLC, formerly known as the Google Self-Driving Car Project, is an American autonomous driving technology company headquartered in Mountain View, California. It is a subsidiary of Google's parent company (Alphabet Inc., Alphabet Inc). The company traces its origins to the Stanford Racing Team, which Stanley (vehicle), competed in the 2005 and 2007 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) DARPA Grand Challenge, Grand Challenges. Google's development of self-driving technology began in January 2009, led by Sebastian Thrun, the former director of the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (SAIL), and Anthony Levandowski, founder of 510 Systems and Anthony's Robots. After almost two years of road testing, the project was revealed in October 2010. In fall 2015, Google provided "the world's first fully driverless ride on public roads". In December 2016, the project was renamed Waymo and spun out of Google as part of Alphabet. In October 2020, Waymo became the fir ...
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Tesla Robotaxi
The Tesla Cybercab, also known as the Robotaxi, is an upcoming two-passenger car, two-passenger battery-electric self-driving car under development by Tesla Inc., Tesla. The vehicle is planned to be fully autonomous robot, autonomous. The prototype vehicles have no steering wheel or pedals. A concept car, concept version of the Cybercab was unveiled in October 2024, with 20 prototypes providing short rides to attendees of the announcement event. Tesla reports production is planned to commence sometime before 2027. History Background In 2019, Tesla CEO Elon Musk stated that he believed Tesla would have one million autonomous robotaxis operating on public roads by the end of 2020; observers speculated that he meant converting already sold Tesla vehicles to be autonomous. Since approximately 2020, Tesla has made public statements about a mass market electric car product that would follow the Tesla Model Y, Model Y and would be considerably cheaper than the Tesla Model 3, Mo ...
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WeRide
WeRide Inc. () is an autonomous driving technology company. Its products hold driverless permits in China, the US, the UAE, Singapore and France. History WeRide was established in Silicon Valley in 2017 by Tony Han, who was the former Chief Scientist of Baidu's Autonomous Driving Unit. It currently has offices in San Jose, Abu Dhabi, Singapore, Guangzhou, Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen. As of 2025, it has over 2000 employees. In November 2020, WeRide announced that a total of 147,128 trips were completed for more than 60,000 passengers during its first year of Robotaxi service. In January 2021, WeRide unveiled the Mini Robobus. In April that year, WeRide obtained a driverless test permit in California. In September, WeRide created a self-driving cargo van called the WeRide Robovan. In December, WeRide completed an autonomous taxi trial on Yas Island in the UAE, in partnership with Bayanat. In May 2022, WeRide partnered with Bosch to jointly develop an Advanced driver-ass ...
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SAE Automation Level
A self-driving car, also known as an autonomous car (AC), driverless car, robotic car or robo-car, is a car that is capable of operating with reduced or no human input. They are sometimes called robotaxis, though this term refers specifically to self-driving cars operated for a ridesharing company. Self-driving cars are responsible for all driving activities, such as perceiving the environment, monitoring important systems, and controlling the vehicle, which includes navigating from origin to destination. , no system has achieved full autonomy (SAE Level 5). In December 2020, Waymo was the first to offer rides in self-driving taxis to the public in limited geographic areas (SAE Level 4), and offers services in Arizona (Phoenix) and California (San Francisco and Los Angeles). In June 2024, after a Waymo self-driving taxi crashed into a utility pole in Phoenix, Arizona, all 672 of its Jaguar I-Pace vehicles were recalled after they were found to have susceptibility to crash ...
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Autonomous Car
A self-driving car, also known as an autonomous car (AC), driverless car, robotic car or robo-car, is a car that is capable of operating with reduced or no User input, human input. They are sometimes called robotaxi, robotaxis, though this term refers specifically to self-driving cars operated for a ridesharing company. Self-driving cars are responsible for all driving activities, such as perceiving the environment, monitoring important systems, and controlling the vehicle, which includes navigating from origin to destination. , no system has achieved full autonomy (SAE Level 5). In December 2020, Waymo was the first to offer rides in self-driving taxis to the public in limited geographic areas (SAE Level 4), and offers services in Arizona (Phoenix) and California (San Francisco and Los Angeles). In June 2024, after a Waymo self-driving taxi crashed into a utility pole in Phoenix, Arizona, all 672 of its Jaguar I-Pace vehicles were recalled after they were found to have susc ...
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Baidu
Baidu, Inc. ( ; ) is a Chinese multinational technology company specializing in Internet services and artificial intelligence. It holds a dominant position in China's search engine market (via Baidu Search), and provides a wide variety of other internet services such as Baidu App (Baidu's flagship app for search and newsfeed), Baidu Baike (an online user created Wikipedia-like encyclopedia), iQIYI (a video streaming service), and Baidu Tieba (a keyword-based discussion forum similar to Reddit). Besides its core internet search business, Baidu has diversified into several high-growth areas. The company is a leading player in autonomous driving (Baidu Apollo), and smart consumer electronics (Xiaodu). With over a decade of investment in artificial intelligence, Baidu is one of the few tech companies globally to offer a full-service AI stack, including software, chips, cloud infrastructure, foundation models, and applications. The holding company of the group is incorpo ...
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Ridesharing Company
A ridesharing company (or ridehailing service) is a company (or service offered by a company) that, via websites and mobile apps, matches passengers with drivers of vehicles for hire that, unlike taxis, cannot legally be hailed from the street. The vehicles used in ridesharing/ridehailing service are called app-taxis or e-taxis. Ridesharing companies were founded beginning in the 2010s, after the proliferation of the Internet and mobile apps. In the 2020s, a few companies began offering rides in Robotaxi, self-driving taxis. The legality of ridesharing companies by jurisdiction varies; in some areas they are considered to be illegal taxi operations, while in other areas, they are subject to regulations that can include requirements for driver background checks, fares, caps on the number of drivers in an area, insurance, licensing, and minimum wage. Studies have shown that ridesharing companies have created net jobs and improved the efficiency of drivers of vehicles for hire du ...
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Autonomous Mobility On Demand
Autonomous mobility on demand (AMoD) is a service consisting of a fleet of autonomous vehicles used for one-way passenger mobility. An AMoD fleet operates in a specific and limited environment, such as a city or a rural area. Origin Mobility on demand (MoD) The idea of developing a form of passengers transportation based on shared vehicles rather than private cars comes from the research in the field of sustainable mobility, which aims at creating an efficient and environmentally-friendly way for people to move. As at the end of April 2022, the number of cars in the world has reached 1.1 billion, meaning that there is approximately a vehicle for every seven people on earth. Such large number of private vehicles in the streets causes several issues, namely a huge release of greenhouse gases and request for fossil fuels, since most cars are still fuel-powered, as well as infrastructural issues such as roads congestion and parking spots lacking. The concept of mobility-on-de ...
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DiDi
Didi Chuxing Technology Company is a Chinese vehicle for hire company headquartered in Beijing with over 550 million users and tens of millions of drivers. The company provides app-based transportation services, including taxi hailing, private car hailing, social ride-sharing, and bike sharing; on-demand delivery services; and automobile services, including sales, leasing, financing, maintenance, fleet operation, electric vehicle charging, and co-development of vehicles with automakers. The company is a subsidiary of Xiaoju Kuaizhi Inc. History 2012–2014: founding of Didi Dache In June 2012, following eight years working in Alibaba's sales and Alipay divisions, Cheng Wei founded Didi Dache ( zh, labels=no, s=嘀嘀打车), a taxi-hailing app, through Beijing Xiaoju Keji Co. ( zh, labels=no, s=小桔科技; xiaoju meaning "little orange"), which then changed to zh, labels=no, s=滴滴打车. "" means "beep beep" in Mandarin (like a car's horn). The application was the init ...
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Pony
A pony is a type of small horse, usually measured under a specified height at maturity. Ponies often have thicker coats, manes and tails, compared to larger horses, and proportionally shorter legs, wider barrels, heavier , thicker necks and shorter heads. In modern use, breed registries and horse shows may define a pony as measuring at the withers below a certain height; height limits varying from about to . Some distinguish between horse or pony based on its breed or phenotype, regardless of its height. The word ''pony'' derives from the old French ''poulenet'', a diminutive of meaning foal, a young, immature horse. A full-sized horse may sometimes be called a pony as a term of endearment. Definition For many forms of competition, the official definition of a pony is a horse that measures up to at the withers. Standard horses are taller than 14.2. The International Federation for Equestrian Sports defines the official cutoff point at without shoes and with shoes ...
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