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Psittacine Beak And Feather Disease
Psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) is a viral disease affecting all Old World and New World parrots. The causative virus—Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV)—belongs to the taxonomic genus ''Circovirus'', family ''Circoviridae''. It attacks the feather follicles and the beak and claw matrices of the bird, causing progressive feather, claw and beak malformation and necrosis. In later stages of the disease, feather shaft constriction occurs, hampering development until eventually all feather growth stops. It occurs in an acutely fatal form and a chronic form. Cracking and peeling of the outer layers of the claws and beak make tissues vulnerable to secondary infection. Because the virus also affects the thymus and Bursa of Fabricius, slowing lymphocyte production, immunosuppression occurs and the bird becomes more vulnerable to secondary infections. Beak fractures and necrosis of the hard palate can prevent the bird from eating.Pyne, MPsittacine Beak and Feather Dise ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red-rumped Parrot
The red-rumped parrot (''Psephotus haematonotus''), also known as the red-backed parrot or grass parrot, is a medium-sized broad-tailed parrot endemic to open woodland in south-eastern Australia, particularly in the Murray-Darling Basin. It is a highly sexually dimorphic species, with the adult female mainly being a greyish olive-green with lighter underparts and the adult male predominantly being a brightly coloured green and gold with various shades of blue on the wings. Only the adult male possesses the red rump that gives the species its common name. It is commonly found in open, grassy habitats, both in natural open woodland and in man-made environments such as paddocks, fields, parks and gardens. It has adapted well to rural and suburban areas and is commonly observed foraging on the ground for a variety of seeds. Taxonomy and naming The red-rumped parrot was described by John Gould in 1838 as ''Platycercus haematonotus'' from a specimen collected in New South Wales. He f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nanoviridae
''Nanoviridae'' is a family of viruses. Plants serve as natural hosts. The family contains 2 genera. Diseases associated with this family include: stunting. Taxonomy The recognized genera are: * '' Babuvirus'' * '' Nanovirus'' Virus structure and genome Viruses in the family ''Nanoviridae'' are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and round geometries, and T=1 symmetry. The diameter is around 18–19 nm. Life cycle Viral replication is nuclear. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the ssDNA rolling circle model. After infection of a host cell, the small DNA molecules that have become encapsidated with the genomic ssDNA act as primers. They bind to complementary regions and help in initiation of DNA synthesis by host polymerases. On completion of synthesis, there will be a double stranded intermediate that is transcribed unidirectionally. Most individual nanovirus particles only encode for a single protein Protei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faba Bean Necrotic Yellows Virus
Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV) is a nanovirus disease of legumes. Range Algeria, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen, Spain and Balearic Islands. Genome FBNYV is one of the circular Rep-encoding ssDNA viruses, and so shares the characteristics of circular genome, replication initiation by Rep proteins, ssDNA composition. Replication is presumed to occur through the rolling circle replication (RCR) process. Vega-Rocha et al. 2007 disclose the structure of the FBNYV Rep's HUH-tag, HUH endonuclease domain. Virulence factors FBNYV produces the small protein which binds to SKP1 (plant), SKP1 and Prb protein, Prb proteins in plants. Timchenko et al. 2006 demonstrate that Clink is not necessary to produce symptoms in ''Vicia faba'' in laboratory conditions. However they do find it to be highly conservation (genetics), conserved, 98% of successfully infected plants testing posi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subterranean Clover Stunt Virus
Subterranean(s) or The Subterranean(s) may refer to: * Subterranea (geography), underground structures, both natural and man-made Literature * ''Subterranean'' (novel), a 1998 novel by James Rollins * ''Subterranean Magazine'', an American fantasy, horror and science fiction magazine * Subterranean Press, an American small press publisher * ''The Subterraneans'', a 1958 novella by Jack Kerouac Media (film and TV) * ''The Subterraneans'' (film) 1960 motion picture based on the Kerouac novella * ''The Subterranean'', a 1967 Romanian film * ''Subterranean'' (TV program), an American music show which ran from 2003 to 2011 Music * ''Subterranean'' (EP) (1995), an EP by In Flames * "Subterranean" (2003), a song by Smack * ''Subterranean'' (2010), an experimental post-metal album by Lacey Artemis * "Subterranean" (2014), a song by Foo Fighters on the album Sonic Highways * Subterranean Records, an American record label * "Subterraneans" (1977), a song by David Bowie * "Subter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porcine Circovirus
Porcine circovirus (PCV) is a group of four single-stranded DNA viruses that are non-enveloped with an unsegmented circular genome. They are members of the genus ''Circovirus'' that can infect pigs. The viral capsid is icosahedral and approximately 17 nm in diameter. PCVs are the smallest viruses replicating autonomously in eukaryotic cells. They replicate in the nucleus of infected cells, using the host polymerase for genome amplification. PCV-2 causes Porcine circovirus associated disease or postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). An effective vaccination is now available. Fort Dodge Animal Health (Wyeth) launched the first USDA approved vaccine in 2006, containing an inactivated virus (ATCvet code: ). Classification Three strains of PCV are known as of 2018: * PCV-1 (first identified in 1974) readily infects, but is not known to cause disease in swine. * PCV-2 (first isolated in 1997) causes PMWS, which over time results in significant depletion of lymph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Virus
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living Cell (biology), cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898, more than 16,000 of the millions of List of virus species, virus species have been described in detail. The study of viruses is known as virology, a subspeciality of microbiology. When infected, a host cell is often forced to rapidly produce thousands of copies of the original virus. When not inside an infected cell or in the process of infecting a cell, viruses exist in the form of independent viral particles, or ''virions'', consisting of (i) genetic material, i.e., long ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Australia
South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a States and territories of Australia, state in the southern central part of Australia. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories by area, which includes some of the most arid parts of the continent, and with 1.8 million people. It is the fifth-largest of the states and territories by population. This population is the second-most highly centralised in the nation after Western Australia, with more than 77% of South Australians living in the capital Adelaide or its environs. Other population centres in the state are relatively small; Mount Gambier, the second-largest centre, has a population of 26,878. South Australia shares borders with all the other mainland states. It is bordered to the west by Western Australia, to the north by the Northern Territory, to the north-east by Queensland, to the east by New South Wales, to the south-east by Victoria (state), Victoria, and to the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adelaide Hills
The Adelaide Hills region is located in the southern Mount Lofty Ranges east of the city of Adelaide in the state of South Australia. The largest town in the area, Mount Barker, South Australia, Mount Barker, is one of Australia's fastest-growing towns. Before British colonisation of South Australia, the area was inhabited by the Peramangk people. The Adelaide Hills wine region comprises areas of the Adelaide Hills above . History Before European settlement, the Peramangk people occupied the Adelaide Hills region, including the land from the foothills, north from Mount Barker through Harrogate, South Australia, Harrogate, Gumeracha, Mount Pleasant, South Australia, Mount Pleasant and Springton, South Australia, Springton to the Angaston, South Australia, Angaston and Gawler, South Australia, Gawler districts in the Barossa Valley, and also southwards to Strathalbyn, South Australia, Strathalbyn and Myponga, South Australia, Myponga on the Fleurieu Peninsula, as well as some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red-rumped Parrot
The red-rumped parrot (''Psephotus haematonotus''), also known as the red-backed parrot or grass parrot, is a medium-sized broad-tailed parrot endemic to open woodland in south-eastern Australia, particularly in the Murray-Darling Basin. It is a highly sexually dimorphic species, with the adult female mainly being a greyish olive-green with lighter underparts and the adult male predominantly being a brightly coloured green and gold with various shades of blue on the wings. Only the adult male possesses the red rump that gives the species its common name. It is commonly found in open, grassy habitats, both in natural open woodland and in man-made environments such as paddocks, fields, parks and gardens. It has adapted well to rural and suburban areas and is commonly observed foraging on the ground for a variety of seeds. Taxonomy and naming The red-rumped parrot was described by John Gould in 1838 as ''Platycercus haematonotus'' from a specimen collected in New South Wales. He f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edwin Ashby
Edwin Ashby (2 November 1861 – 8 January 1941) was an Adelaide based Australian property developer and a noted malacologist interested in chitonsWinckworth R. (1942). "Obituary. Edwin Ashby, 1861-1941". '' Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London'' 25(1): 2-4PDF and ornithologist. He was a founding member of the South Australian Ornithological Association (SAOA) in 1899, and of the Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union (RAOU) in 1901 for which he served as president 1926. The avian genus '' Ashbyia'' (represented by the gibberbird ''Ashbyia lovensis'') was named for him by Gregory Mathews. Ashby and his family were members of the Religious Society of Friends, also known as Quakers. Family Properties Wittunga Ashby was married to Esther Maria Coleman, and they had four children. Together they ran a farm, called 'Wittunga', in the Adelaide Hills. In 1901, Ashby began an extensive formal English garden beside the main house. Esther managed the business side of W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galah
The galah (; ''Eolophus roseicapilla''), less commonly known as the pink and grey cockatoo or rose-breasted cockatoo, is an Australian species of cockatoo and the only member of the genus ''Eolophus''. The galah is adapted to a wide variety of modified and unmodified habitats and is one of Australia's most abundant and widespread bird species. The species is endemic to mainland Australia. It was introduced species, introduced to Tasmania, where it is now widespread, in the mid-19th century and much more recently to New Zealand. Etymology The term galah is derived from ''gilaa'', a word from the Yuwaalaraay and neighbouring Australian Aboriginal languages, Aboriginal languages spoken in north-western New South Wales. Description The galah is about in length, and weighs . It has a pale silver to grey back, a pale grey rump, a pink face and breast, and a light pink mobile Crest (feathers), crest. It has a bone-coloured beak, and the bare skin of the eye ring is caruncle (bird an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
