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Pieridae
The Pieridae are a large family (biology), family of butterflies with about 76 genera containing about 1,100 species, mostly from Afrotropical realm, tropical Africa and Indomalayan realm, tropical Asia with some varieties in the more northern regions of North America and Eurasia.DeVries P. J. in Levin S.A. (ed) 2001 The Encyclopaedia of Biodiversity. Academic Press. Most pierid butterflies are white, yellow, or orange in coloration, often with black spots. The pigments that give the distinct coloring to these butterflies are derived from waste products in the body and are a characteristic of this family.Carter, David (2000). ''Butterflies and Moths''. The family was created by William Swainson in 1820. The name "butterfly" is believed to have originated from a member of this family, the brimstone, ''Gonepteryx rhamni'', which was called the "butter-coloured fly" by early British naturalists. The sexes usually differ, often in the pattern or number of the black markings. The l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madrone Butterfly
''Eucheira socialis'', commonly known as the madrone butterfly is a lepidopteran that belongs to the family Pieridae. It was first described by John O. Westwood in 1834. Locally known as ''Mariposa del madroño'' or ''tzauhquiocuilin'', it is endemic to the highlands of Mexico, and exclusively relies on the madrone (''Arbutus'' spp.) as a host-plant. The species is of considerable interest to lepidopterists due to gregarious nest-building in the larval stages, and heavily male-biased sex ratio. It takes an entire year for this adult butterfly to develop from an egg. The eggs are laid in the month of June and the adults emerge the following May–June. The adults have a black and white pattern on their wings, and the males are generally much smaller and paler than the females. The larvae do not undergo diapause and continue to feed and grow communally in the coldest months of the year. There are two subspecies of ''E. socialis'', named ''E. socialis socialis'' and ''E. socialis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gonepteryx Rhamni
''Gonepteryx rhamni'', commonly named the common brimstone, is a butterfly of the family Pieridae. It lives throughout the Palearctic zone and is commonly found across Europe, Asia, and North Africa. Across much of its range, it is the only species of its genus, and is therefore simply known locally as the brimstone. Its wing span size is . It should not be confused with the brimstone moth ''Opisthograptis luteolata''. The brimstone relies on two species of buckthorn plants as host plants for its larvae; this influences its geographic range and distribution, as these plants are commonly found in wetlands. The adult brimstone travels to woodland areas to spend seven months overwintering. In spring when their host plants have developed, they return to the wetlands to breed and lay eggs. Both the larval and adult forms of the common brimstone have protective coloration and behaviour that decreases their chances of being recognised and subsequently preyed upon. The adult common b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dismorphiinae
Dismorphiinae, the mimic sulphurs, is a subfamily of butterflies from the family Pieridae. It consists of about 100 species in seven genera, distributed mainly in the Neotropic, Neotropical region, of which only one species occurs in North America and one genus, ''Leptidea'', is in the Palearctic, Palaeartic region. Image:GroseSmithKirby1892RhopExotPierinaeDismorphiaI.jpg Image:GroseSmithKirby1892RhopExotPierinaeDismorphiaII.jpg Image:GroseSmithKirby1892RhopExotPierinaeDismorphiaIII.jpg Genera * ''Dismorphia'' Hübner, 1816 * ''Enantia'' Hübner, 1819 * ''Lieinix'' Gray, 1832 * ''Leptidea'' Billberg, 1820 * ''Moschoneura'' Butler, 1870 * ''Patia'' Klots, 1933 * ''Pseudopieris'' Godman & Salvin, 1890 External links Dismorphiinae at Tree of Life(with phylogenetic hypothesis) at Markku Savela's butterfly website Images representing Dismorphiinae at EOLImages of Dismorphiinae, in Japanese but with binomial nomenclature, binomial names. Mariposas MexicanasImages of Mexican D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudopontiinae
''Pseudopontia'' is a genus of butterflies found only in wet forests of tropical Africa. It is the only genus in the subfamily Pseudopontiinae. It was traditionally thought to contain only one species (monotypic), '' Pseudopontia paradoxa''. However, a recent study showed there are at least five species of ''Pseudopontia'' which can be distinguished genetically and by details of wing veins. Each is found primarily in a different part of Africa, though several of the species have overlapping geographic distributions. It is considered paradoxical because, despite being a true butterfly (''Papilionoidea''), its antennae do not have the characteristic clubbed ends which are otherwise diagnostic of butterflies (''Rhopalocera''). Species * '' Pseudopontia paradoxa'' R. Felder, 1869; found in rainforests in Cameroon, Nigeria, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, and Gabon * '' Pseudopontia australis'' F.A. Dixey, 1923 (formerly considered a subspecies); found in Democratic Republic of the Congo (Ki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pieris Rapae
''Pieris rapae'' is a small- to medium-sized butterfly species of the whites-and-yellows family Pieridae. It is known in Europe as the small white, in North America as the cabbage white or cabbage butterfly, on several continents as the small cabbage white, and in New Zealand as the white butterfly. The butterfly is recognizable by its white color with small black dots on its wings, and it can be distinguished from '' P. brassicae'' by the latter's larger size and black band at the tip of the forewings. The caterpillar of this species, often referred to as the "imported cabbageworm", is a pest to crucifer crops such as cabbage, kale, bok choy and broccoli. ''Pieris rapae'' is widespread in Europe and Asia; it is believed to have originated in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Europe, and to have spread across Eurasia thanks to the diversification of brassicaceous crops and the development of human trade routes. Over the past two centuries, it spread to North Africa (about 1800) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Butterflies
Butterflies are winged insects from the lepidopteran superfamily Papilionoidea, characterized by large, often brightly coloured wings that often fold together when at rest, and a conspicuous, fluttering flight. The oldest butterfly fossils have been dated to the Paleocene, about 56 million years ago, though molecular evidence suggests that they likely originated in the Cretaceous. Butterflies have a four-stage life cycle, and like other holometabolous insects they undergo complete metamorphosis. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs out, expands its wings to dry, and flies off. Some butterflies, especially in the tropics, have several generations in a year, while others have a single generation, and a few in cold locations may take sever ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierinae
The Pierinae are a large subfamily of Pieridae, pierid butterfly, butterflies. The subfamily is one of several clades of butterflies often referred to as the whites. Species It includes the following species (additional species can be found under the tribes listed in the adjacent box): *''Anthocharis belia'' – Morocco orange tip *''Anthocharis cethura'' – desert orangetip **''Anthocharis cethura catalina'' – Catalina orangetip *''Anthocharis damone'' – eastern orange tip *''Anthocharis euphenoides'' – Provence orange tip *''Anthocharis gruneri'' – Grüner's orange tip *''Anthocharis julia'' – southern Rocky Mountain orangetip *''Anthocharis lanceolata'' – gray marble *''Anthocharis limonea'' – Mexican orangetip *''Anthocharis midea'' – falcate orangetip *''Anthocharis sara'' – Sara's orangetip **''Anthocharis sara thoosa'' – southwestern orangetip *''Anthocharis scolymus'' – yellow tip *''Anthocharis stella'' – Stella orangetip **''Anthocharis stella ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pieris Brassicae
''Pieris brassicae'', the large white, also called cabbage butterfly, cabbage white, cabbage moth (erroneously), or in India the large cabbage white, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is a close relative of the small white, ''Pieris rapae''. The large white is common throughout Europe, North Africa and Asia. Distribution The large white is common throughout Europe, north Africa, and Asia to the Himalayas often in agricultural areas, meadows and parkland. It has managed to establish a population in South Africa and in 1995 it was predicted to spread to Australia and New Zealand. The large white is a strong flier and the British population has been reinforced in most years by migrations from the continent. Scattered reports of the large white from the north-eastern United States (New York, Rhode Island and Maine) over the past century are of a dubious nature and indicate either accidental transport or intentional release. Such introductions threaten to establish this a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mud-puddling
Puddling is a behaviour in which an organism seeks out nutrients in certain moist substances such as rotting plant matter, mud, and carrion, and sucks up the fluid. Where the conditions are suitable, conspicuous insects such as butterfly, butterflies commonly form aggregations on wet soil, dung, or carrion. (1996): Mating systems and sexual division of foraging effort affect puddling behaviour by butterflies. ''Ecological Entomology'' 21(2): 193-197PDF fulltext From the fluids they obtain salt (chemistry), salts and amino acids that play various roles in their physiology, ethology, and ecology. (1999): Mud-puddling behavior in tropical butterflies: In search of proteins or minerals? ''Oecologia'' 119(1): 140–148. (HTML abstractPDF fulltext Most conspicuous in butterflies, this behaviour also has been seen in some other animals, primarily insects like the leafhoppers, e.g. the potato leafhopper, ''Empoasca fabae''. Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) are diverse in their strateg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aporia Crataegi
''Aporia crataegi'', the black-veined white, is a large butterfly of the family Pieridae. A. crataegi is widespread and common. Its range extends from northwest Africa in the west to Transcaucasia and across the Palearctic to Siberia and Japan in the east. In the south, it is found in Turkey, Cyprus, Israel, Lebanon and Syria. It is not usually present in the British Isles or northern Scandinavia. Subspecies Subspecies include: * ''Aporia crataegi adherbal'' (Fruhstorfer, 1910) Japan * ''Aporia crataegi augusta'' (Turati, 1905) Sicily * ''Aporia crataegi augustior'' (Graves, 1925) Jordan, Israel * ''Aporia crataegi banghaasi'' (Bryk, 1921) * ''Aporia crataegi basania'' (Fruhstorfer, 1910) Alps * ''Aporia crataegi colona'' (Krulikowsky, 1909) Russia * ''Aporia crataegi crataegi'' (Linnaeus, 1758) Scandinavia * ''Aporia crataegi fert'' (Turati & Fiori, 1930) Greece * ''Aporia crataegi hyalina'' (Röber, 1907) Asia Minor * ''Aporia crataegi iranica'' (Forster, 1939) Armenia, Iran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coliadinae
Coliadinae, the sulphurs or yellows, are a subfamily of butterflies with about 300 described species. There are 36 species in North America, where they range from Mexico to northern Canada. In most species, males are easily distinguished from females. For example, in the genera ''Colias'' and ''Gonepteryx''), males exhibit brilliant UV reflections that the females lack. Systematics The Coliadinae can be arranged in the three traditional tribe (biology), tribes and a basal (evolution), basal lineage, with one genus of unclear placement. The taxa—including some selected species—are arranged here in the presumed phylogenetic sequence, from the most ancient lineages to the most modern ones:Brower (2006) Basal lineage * ''Kricogonia'' Reakirt, 1863 * ''Nathalis'' Boisduval, [1836] Euremini * ''Terias'' Swainson, 1821 * ''Pyrisitia'' Butler, 1870 * ''Abaeis'' Hübner, [1819] * ''Eurema'' Hübner, [1819] – grass yellows * ''Leucidia'' Doubleday, [1847] * ''Teriocolias' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Greenish Black-tip (Euchloe Penia) Underside Macedonia
''Euchloe penia'', the eastern greenish black-tip, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found in North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Lebanon, Syria and northern Iraq. The habitat consists of dry and warm rocky areas. The wingspan is 32–36 mm. Adults are bright greenish off yellow. There are two generations per year, with adults on wing in April and from June to July. The larvae feed on ''Matthiola ''Matthiola'' () is a genus of flowering plant in the mustard family Brassicaceae. It is named after Italian naturalist Pietro Andrea Mattioli (1501–1577). The genus contains about 50 species of annual, biennial and perennial herbaceous plants ...'' species including '' M. tessela'' and '' M. fruticulosa''. Subspecies * ''Euchloe penia penia'' * ''Euchloe penia taleschicus'' Back & Leestmans, 2001 * ''Euchloe penia thessalica'' (Mezger, 1936) References Butterflies described in 1805 Euchloe Butterflies of Asia Butterflies of Europe Taxa named ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
