The Pierinae are a large subfamily of

pierid The Pieridae are a large family of butterflies with about 76 genera containing about 1,100 species, mostly from tropical Africa and tropical Asia with some varieties in the more northern regions of North America and Eurasia.DeVries P. J. in Lev ...

butterflies Butterflies are winged insects from the lepidopteran superfamily Papilionoidea, characterized by large, often brightly coloured wings that often fold together when at rest, and a conspicuous, fluttering flight. The oldest butterfly fossi ...

. The subfamily is one of several

clade In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach t ...

s of butterflies often referred to as the whites.

Species

It includes the following species (additional species can be found under the tribes listed in the adjacent box): *''

Anthocharis belia ''Anthocharis belia'', the Moroccan orange tip, is a butterfly of the family Pieridae. It is found in northwestern Africa (specifically Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia). The length of the forewings is . Description in Seitz ''A. eupheno'' L. (syn ...

'' – Morocco orange tip *''

Anthocharis cethura ''Anthocharis cethura'', the desert orangetip or Felder's orangetip, is a species of butterfly in the subfamily Pierinae.Anthocharis cethura catalina ''Anthocharis cethura catalina'', the Catalina orangetip, is a subspecies of the desert orangetip butterfly that is endemic to Santa Catalina Island, off the California coast of the United States The United States of America (USA), also ...

'' – Catalina orangetip *''

Anthocharis damone ''Anthocharis damone'', the eastern orange tip, is a butterfly in the subfamily Pierinae, found in southern Europe and into Asia Minor. Description in Seitz ''A. damone'' Boisd. from South Italy, Sicily, the southern Balcan, Asia Minor and Sy ...

'' – eastern orange tip *''

Anthocharis euphenoides ''Anthocharis euphenoides'', the Provence orange tip, is a species of butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found in the Iberian Peninsula (missing in the southwest and northeast), in the south of France (from the eastern Pyrenees to the Alpes- ...

'' – Provence orange tip *''

Anthocharis gruneri ''Anthocharis gruneri'' (Grüner's orange tip) is a butterfly found mainly in Turkey, Transcaucasian Mountains, Asia Minor and the Armenian highlands. Description in Seitz "''A. gruneri'' H.-Sch. from Greece, Southern Turkey, and Asia Minor, is ...

'' – Grüner's orange tip *''

Anthocharis julia ''Anthocharis julia'', also known as the Southern Rocky Mountain Orangetip, is a type of butterfly found in the southern Rocky Mountains on the eastern side of the range. Their caterpillars feed on rock cress (''Arabis ''Arabis'' ,''Sunset W ...

'' – southern Rocky Mountain orangetip *''

Anthocharis lanceolata ''Anthocharis lanceolata'', the gray marble, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. The species was first described by Hippolyte Lucas Pierre-Hippolyte Lucas (17 January 1814 – 5 July 1899) was a French entomologist. Lucas was an assistant ...

'' – gray marble *''

Anthocharis limonea ''Anthocharis limonea'', the Mexican orangetip, is a butterfly of the subfamily Pierinae mostly found in Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, ...

'' – Mexican orangetip *''

Anthocharis midea ''Anthocharis midea'', the falcate orangetip, is a North American butterfly that was described in 1809 by Jacob Hübner. It belongs to the family Pieridae, which is the white and sulphurs. These butterflies are mostly seen in the eastern Unit ...

'' – falcate orangetip *''

Anthocharis sara ''Anthocharis sara'', the Sara orangetip, is one of three species in the Sara orangetip complex. It has a population extending from Baja California into extreme southwest Oregon and another extending from the east slope of the Sierra Nevada into ...

'' – Sara's orangetip **''

Anthocharis sara thoosa ''Anthocharis thoosa'', the southwestern orangetip, is a butterfly which has a range mainly from the American Rocky Mountains down into Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northern ...

'' – southwestern orangetip *''

Anthocharis scolymus ''Anthocharis scolymus'', the yellow tip, is a butterfly in the subfamily Pierinae whose range is Eastern Asia (East China, Korea, Ussuri) where it is commonplace; occasionally it is found in Japan. The apex of the forewing is produced and falc ...

'' – yellow tip *'' Anthocharis stella'' – Stella orangetip **'' Anthocharis stella browningi'' – Utah Stella orangetip *''

Euchloe belemia ''Euchloe belemia'', the green-striped white, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. Its range is northern Africa, Arabia (Oman, United Arab Emirates) and the southern Iberian Peninsula, especially Spain and Portugal. The wingspan is . Adults a ...

'' – green-striped white *''

Euchloe charlonia ''Euchloe charlonia'', the greenish black-tip or lemon white, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. Its range is mainly in northern Africa, the Middle East and occasionally the southern Iberian Peninsula, especially Spain Spain, or the ...

'' – greenish black-tip *''

Euchloe crameri ''Euchloe crameri'', the western dappled white, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. Description Fore and hind wings pearly white on the upperside, with a black apex , mottled white. Underside of the forewings very similar, although the a ...

'' – western dappled white *''

Euchloe olympia ''Euchloe olympia'', the Olympia marble, is a butterfly in the family (biology), family Pieridae. Its range is southern Canada and the Midwest, down into the southwestern United States. ''E. olympia'' is related to ''E. guaymasensis'', but has a ...

'' – Olympia marble *'' Phoebis avellaneda'' – red-splashed sulphur *''

Pieris angelika ''Pieris angelika'' (Arctic white) is a cold-climate butterfly of the family Pieridae. Its main range is in north-western Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territories, north-western British Columbia) and Alaska. Its taxonomic name may change in the futur ...

'' – Arctic white *''

Pieris brassicae ''Pieris brassicae'', the large white, also called cabbage butterfly, cabbage white, cabbage moth (erroneously), or in India the large cabbage white, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is a close relative of the small white, ''Pieris rap ...

'' – large white *'' Pieris marginalis'' – margined white **'' Pieris marginalis reicheli'' – Reichel's margined white *''

Pieris oleracea ''Pieris oleracea'', or more commonly known as the mustard white, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae native to a large part of Canada and the northeastern United States. The nearly all-white butterfly is often found in wooded areas or open pla ...

'' – mustard white **'' Pieris oleracea frigida'' – Newfoundland white *''

Pieris rapae ''Pieris rapae'' is a small- to medium-sized butterfly species of the whites-and-yellows family Pieridae. It is known in Europe as the small white, in North America as the cabbage white or cabbage butterfly, on several continents as the small ca ...

'' – small white *''

Pieris virginiensis ''Pieris virginiensis'', the West Virginia white, is a butterfly found in North America in the Great Lakes states, along the Appalachians from New England to Alabama, and in southern Ontario. They are typically found in moist deciduous forests. ...

'' – West Virginia white butterfly

References

External links

*
Pierinae at TOL
Suggested

phylogeny A phylogenetic tree or phylogeny is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or Taxon, taxa during a specific time.Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, M ...

and images.
Butterflies and Moths of North America

Butterflies of America
* Butterfly subfamilies Taxa named by William Swainson Taxa described in 1820 {{Pieridae-stub

Species

References

Further reading

External links