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Phaeophyceae
Brown algae (: alga) are a large group of multicellular algae comprising the class Phaeophyceae. They include many seaweeds located in colder waters of the Northern Hemisphere. Brown algae are the major seaweeds of the temperate and polar regions. Many brown algae, such as members of the order Fucales, commonly grow along rocky seashores. Most brown algae live in marine environments, where they play an important role both as food and as a potential habitat. For instance, '' Macrocystis'', a kelp of the order Laminariales, may reach in length and forms prominent underwater kelp forests that contain a high level of biodiversity. Another example is '' Sargassum'', which creates unique floating mats of seaweed in the tropical waters of the Sargasso Sea that serve as the habitats for many species. Some members of the class, such as kelps, are used by humans as food. Between 1,500 and 2,000 species of brown algae are known worldwide. Some species, such as '' Ascophyllum nodosum' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macrocystis Pyrifera
''Macrocystis'' is a monospecific genus of kelp (large brown algae) with all species now synonymous with ''Macrocystis pyrifera''. It is commonly known as giant kelp or bladder kelp. This genus contains the largest of all the Phaeophyceae or brown algae. ''Macrocystis'' has pneumatocysts at the base of its blades. Sporophytes are perennial and the individual may live for up to three years; stipes/fronds within a whole individual undergo senescence, where each frond may persist for approximately 100 days. The genus is found widely in subtropical, temperate, and sub-Antarctic oceans of the Southern Hemisphere and in the northeast Pacific. ''Macrocystis'' is often a major component of temperate kelp forests. Despite its appearance, it is not a plant; it is a heterokont. Giant kelp is common along the coast of the northeastern Pacific Ocean, from Baja California north to southeast Alaska, and is also found in the southern oceans near South America, South Africa, Australia, and New ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laminariales
Kelps are large brown algae or seaweeds that make up the order Laminariales. There are about 30 different genera. Despite its appearance and use of photosynthesis in chloroplasts, kelp is technically not a plant but a stramenopile (a group containing many protists). Kelp grow from stalks close together in very dense areas like forests under shallow temperate and Arctic oceans. They were previously thought to have appeared in the Miocene, 5 to 23 million years ago based on fossils from California. New fossils of kelp holdfasts from early Oligocene rocks in Washington State show that kelps were present in the northeastern Pacific Ocean by at least 32 million years ago. The organisms require nutrient-rich water with temperatures between . They are known for their high growth rate—the genera ''Macrocystis'' and ''Nereocystis'' can grow as fast as half a metre a day (that is, about 20 inches a day), ultimately reaching .Thomas, D. 2002. ''Seaweeds.'' The Natural History Museum, Lon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kelp
Kelps are large brown algae or seaweeds that make up the order (biology), order Laminariales. There are about 30 different genus, genera. Despite its appearance and use of photosynthesis in chloroplasts, kelp is technically not a plant but a stramenopile (a group containing many protists). Kelp grow from stalks close together in kelp forest, very dense areas like forests under shallow temperate and Arctic oceans. They were previously thought to have appeared in the Miocene, 5 to 23 million years ago based on fossils from California. New fossils of kelp holdfasts from early Oligocene rocks in Washington State show that kelps were present in the northeastern Pacific Ocean by at least 32 million years ago. The organisms require nutrient-rich water with temperatures between . They are known for their high growth rate—the genera ''Macrocystis'' and ''Nereocystis'' can grow as fast as half a metre a day (that is, about 20 inches a day), ultimately reaching .Thomas, D. 2002. ''Seaweed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascophyllum Nodosum
''Ascophyllum nodosum'' is a large, common cold water seaweed or brown alga ( Phaeophyceae) in the family Fucaceae. Its common names include knotted wrack, egg wrack, feamainn bhuí, rockweed, knotted kelp and Norwegian kelp. It grows only in the northern Atlantic Ocean, along the north-western coast of Europe (from the White Sea to Portugal) including east Greenland and the north-eastern coast of North America. Its range further south of these latitudes is limited by warmer ocean waters. It dominates the intertidal zone. ''Ascophyllum nodosum'' has been used numerous times in scientific research and has even been found to benefit humans through consumption. Scientific name history ''Ascophyllum nodosum'' is the only species in the genus ''Ascophyllum''. The original name (basionym) was ''Fucus nodosus'' Linnaeus 1753. The species was transferred to the genus ''Ascophyllum'' (as ''Ascophylla'') by Stackhouse (Papenfuss 1950), under the name ''Ascophyllum laevigata'' (Guiry and G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stramenopile
The stramenopiles, also called heterokonts, are protists distinguished by the presence of stiff tripartite external hairs. In most species, the hairs are attached to flagella, in some they are attached to other areas of the cellular surface, and in some they have been secondarily lost (in which case relatedness to stramenopile ancestors is evident from other shared cytological features or from genetic similarity). Stramenopiles represent one of the three major clades in the SAR supergroup, along with Alveolata and Rhizaria. Stramenopiles are eukaryotes; most are single-celled, but some are multicellular including some large seaweeds, the brown algae. The group includes a variety of algal protists, heterotrophic flagellates, opalines and closely related proteromonad flagellates (all endobionts in other organisms); the actinophryid Heliozoa, and oomycetes. The tripartite hairs characteristic of the group have been lost in some of the included taxa – for example in most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fucales
The Fucales (fucoids) are an order in the brown algae (class Phaeophyceae). The list of families in the Fucales, as well as additional taxonomic information on algae, is publicly accessible at Algaebase. The class Phaeophyceae is included within the division Heterokontophyta.Hardy, G. and Guiry, M.D. 2006. ''A Check-list and Atlas of the Seaweeds of Britain and Ireland.'' 2006. The British Phycologcal Society. This name comes from the Greek word ''phaios'' meaning "brown" and ''phyton'' meaning plant.Huisman, J.M. 2000. ''Marine Plants of Australia''. University of Western Australia Press, Australia. They include some of the largest organisms in the sea, but some are small and fine in structure. Classification The Fucales include some of the more common littoral seaweeds and the members of the order have the typical seaweed construction: a holdfast, stipe, and lamina Lamina may refer to: People * Saa Emerson Lamina, Sierra Leonean politician * Tamba Lamina, Sierra Leo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sargassum
''Sargassum'' is a genus of brown macroalgae ( seaweed) in the order Fucales of the Phaeophyceae class. Numerous species are distributed throughout the temperate and tropical oceans of the world, where they generally inhabit shallow water and coral reefs, and the genus is widely known for its planktonic (free-floating) species. Most species within the class Phaeophyceae are predominantly cold-water organisms that benefit from nutrients upwelling, but the genus ''Sargassum'' appears to be an exception. The species within Sargassum are normally benthic, but some of the species may take on a planktonic, often pelagic existence after being removed from reefs during rough weather. Two species (''S. natans'' and ''S. fluitans'') have become holopelagic—reproducing vegetatively and never attaching to the seafloor during their lifecycles. The Atlantic Ocean's Sargasso Sea was named after the algae, as it hosts a large amount of ''Sargassum''. The size of annual blooms in the Atlan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frans Reinhold Kjellman
Frans Reinhold Kjellman (4 November 1846 – 1907) was a Swedish phycologist and Arctic explorer renowned for his pioneering surveys of marine algae, especially in polar regions. He took part in several key expeditions—most notably the Vega expedition of 1878–80—and authored foundational monographs on the algal flora of the Arctic and Bering Sea. Early life and education Frans Reinhold Kjellman was born on 4 November 1846 on the island of Torsö, Sweden. He studied at Uppsala University, where in 1872 he completed a doctoral thesis in philosophy on Scandinavian members of the brown-algal families Ectocarpaceae and Tilopteridaceae, earning the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Immediately thereafter he was appointed docent in botany at Uppsala. He also taught at the Fjellstedt School, founded by Peter Fjellstedt, in Uppsala 1872–1878. Academic career In 1883, Kjellman was promoted to extraordinary professor of botany at Uppsala University. Upon the retirement of p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seaweeds
Seaweed, or macroalgae, refers to thousands of species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine algae. The term includes some types of ''Rhodophyta'' (red), '' Phaeophyta'' (brown) and ''Chlorophyta'' (green) macroalgae. Seaweed species such as kelps provide essential nursery habitat for fisheries and other marine species and thus protect food sources; other species, such as planktonic algae, play a vital role in capturing carbon and producing at least 50% of Earth's oxygen. Natural seaweed ecosystems are sometimes under threat from human activity. For example, mechanical dredging of kelp destroys the resource and dependent fisheries. Other forces also threaten some seaweed ecosystems; for example, a wasting disease in predators of purple urchins has led to an urchin population surge which has destroyed large kelp forest regions off the coast of California. Humans have a long history of cultivating seaweeds for their uses. In recent years, seaweed farming has become a global ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gottlob Ludwig Rabenhorst
Gottlob Ludwig Rabenhorst (22 March 1806 – 24 April 1881) was a German botanist and mycologist. Biography Rabenhorst was born in Treuenbrietzen. He studied in Berlin and Belzig from 1822 to 1830, worked as a pharmacist in Luckau until 1840, and received his doctorate in Jena in 1841. From 1840, he lived in Dresden, relocating to nearby Meissen in 1875, where he died aged 75. Renowned for his research of cryptogamic flora native to central Europe, his name is associated with ''Dr. L. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz''. Rabenhorst edited the scientific journal '' Hedwigia'' from 1852 to 1878. He published more than 20 exsiccata works,Triebel, D. & Scholz, P. 2001–2025 ''IndExs – Index of Exsiccatae''. – Botanische Staatssammlung München: http://indexs.botanischestaatssammlung.de. – München, Germany. one of them with Alexander Braun (1805–1877) and Ernst Stizenberger (1827–1895) under the title ''Die Characeen Europa's i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viridiplantae
Viridiplantae (; kingdom Plantae '' sensu stricto'') is a clade of around 450,000–500,000 species of eukaryotic organisms, most of which obtain their energy by photosynthesis. The green plants are chloroplast-bearing autotrophs that play important primary production roles in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. They include green algae, which are primarily aquatic, and the land plants (embryophytes, Plantae '' sensu strictissimo''), which emerged within freshwater green algae. Green algae traditionally excludes the land plants, rendering them a paraphyletic group, however it is cladistically accurate to think of land plants as a special clade of green algae that evolved to thrive on dry land. Since the realization that the embryophytes emerged from within the green algae, some authors are starting to include them. Viridiplantae species all have cells with cellulose in their cell walls, and primary chloroplasts derived from endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria that contain c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
