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Laminariales
Kelps are large brown algae or seaweeds that make up the order Laminariales. There are about 30 different genera. Despite its appearance and use of photosynthesis in chloroplasts, kelp is technically not a plant but a stramenopile (a group containing many protists). Kelp grow from stalks close together in very dense areas like forests under shallow temperate and Arctic oceans. They were previously thought to have appeared in the Miocene, 5 to 23 million years ago based on fossils from California. New fossils of kelp holdfasts from early Oligocene rocks in Washington State show that kelps were present in the northeastern Pacific Ocean by at least 32 million years ago. The organisms require nutrient-rich water with temperatures between . They are known for their high growth rate—the genera ''Macrocystis'' and ''Nereocystis'' can grow as fast as half a metre a day (that is, about 20 inches a day), ultimately reaching .Thomas, D. 2002. ''Seaweeds.'' The Natural History Museum, Lon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macrocystis
''Macrocystis'' is a monospecific genus of kelp (large brown algae) with all species now synonymous with ''Macrocystis pyrifera''. It is commonly known as giant kelp or bladder kelp. This genus contains the largest of all the Phaeophyceae or brown algae. ''Macrocystis'' has pneumatocysts at the base of its blades. Sporophytes are perennial and the individual may live for up to three years; stipes/fronds within a whole individual undergo senescence, where each frond may persist for approximately 100 days. The genus is found widely in subtropical, temperate, and sub-Antarctic oceans of the Southern Hemisphere and in the northeast Pacific. ''Macrocystis'' is often a major component of temperate kelp forests. Despite its appearance, it is not a plant; it is a heterokont. Giant kelp is common along the coast of the northeastern Pacific Ocean, from Baja California north to southeast Alaska, and is also found in the southern oceans near South America, South Africa, Australia, and N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brown Algae
Brown algae (: alga) are a large group of multicellular algae comprising the class (biology), class Phaeophyceae. They include many seaweeds located in colder waters of the Northern Hemisphere. Brown algae are the major seaweeds of the temperate and polar regions. Many brown algae, such as members of the order Fucales, commonly grow along rocky seashores. Most brown algae live in marine environments, where they play an important role both as food and as a potential habitat. For instance, ''Macrocystis'', a kelp of the order Laminariales, may reach in length and forms prominent underwater kelp forests that contain a high level of biodiversity. Another example is ''Sargassum'', which creates unique floating mats of seaweed in the tropical waters of the Sargasso Sea that serve as the habitats for many species. Some members of the class, such as kelps, are used by humans as food. Between 1,500 and 2,000 species of brown algae are known worldwide. Some species, such as ''Ascophyllum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudochordaceae
''Pseudochorda'' is a genus of thalloid brown algae Brown algae (: alga) are a large group of multicellular algae comprising the class (biology), class Phaeophyceae. They include many seaweeds located in colder waters of the Northern Hemisphere. Brown algae are the major seaweeds of the temperate ... including two species. References Further reading * Laminariales Laminariales genera {{Phaeophyceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nereocystis
''Nereocystis'' (Greek, 'mermaid's bladder') is a monotypic genus of subtidal kelp containing the species ''Nereocystis luetkeana''. Some English names include edible kelp, bull kelp, bullwhip kelp, ribbon kelp, bladder wrack, and variations of these names. Due to the English name, bull kelp can be confused with southern bull kelps, which are found in the Southern Hemisphere. ''Nereocystis luetkeana'' forms thick beds on subtidal rocks, and is an important part of kelp forests. Etymology The species ''Nereocystis luetkeana'' was named (as ''Fucus luetkeanus'') after the German-Russian explorer Fyodor Petrovich Litke (also spelled Lütke) by Mertens. The species was renamed in a description by Postels and Ruprecht. Description ''Nereocystis'' is a brown macroalgae that derives chemical energy from photosynthesis. ''Nereocystis'' in particular, similar to ''Pelagophycus porra'', can be identified by a single large pneumatocyst between the end of its hollow stipe and the b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aureophycaceae
''Aureophycus'' is a genus of kelp Kelps are large brown algae or seaweeds that make up the order (biology), order Laminariales. There are about 30 different genus, genera. Despite its appearance and use of photosynthesis in chloroplasts, kelp is technically not a plant but a str ... native to the waters of Karamil Island in the Aleutians, comprising a single species ''Aureophycus aleuticus'', formally described in 2008. Each frond is long by wide with a strong yellow vein running along each edge (central vein lacking). A 2013 study found the genus to be basal to Laminariales. References Laminariales Monotypic brown algae genera {{Phaeophyceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kelp Forest
Kelp forests are underwater areas with a high density of kelp, which covers a large part of the world's coastlines. Smaller areas of anchored kelp are called kelp beds. They are recognized as one of the most productive and dynamic ecosystems on Earth. Although algal kelp forest combined with coral reefs only cover 0.1% of Earth's total surface, they account for 0.9% of global Primary production, primary productivity. Kelp forests occur worldwide throughout temperate and polar region, polar coastal oceans. In 2007, kelp forests were also discovered in tropical waters near Ecuador. Physically formed by brown macroalgae, kelp forests provide a unique habitat for marine organisms and are a source for understanding many ecological processes. Over the last century, they have been the focus of extensive research, particularly in Trophic dynamics, trophic ecology, and continue to provoke important ideas that are relevant beyond this unique ecosystem. For example, kelp forests can infl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chordaceae
''Chorda'' is a genus of thalloid brown algae. It is the only genus in the family Chordaceae. Its members are known by a number of common names including: mermaid's fishing line, tsurumo, ruálach, , sailors' laces, sea laces, mermaids line, roccálach, ruadhálach, gemeine meersaite, bootlace weed, seatwine, , dead men's ropes, mermaid's tresses, cat gut and sea lace. Species The known species belonging to this genus are: *'' Chorda asiatica'' *'' Chorda borealis'' *'' Chorda filum'' *'' Chorda kikonaiensis'' *'' Chorda minuta '' *'' Chorda rigida'' References External links * Imagesof ''Chorda'' at Algaebase AlgaeBase is a global species database of information on all groups of algae, both seaweed, marine and freshwater algae, freshwater, as well as sea-grass. History AlgaeBase began in March 1996, founded by Michael D. Guiry, Michael Guiry. Text ... Laminariales Laminariales genera {{phaeophyceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alariaceae
Alariaceae are a family of brown algae in the order Laminariales. Genera * '' Alaria'' * '' Aureophycus'' * '' Eualaria'' * '' Lessoniopsis'' * '' Pleurophycus'' * '' Pterygophora'' * '' Undaria'' (e.g. wakame) * '' Undariella'' Distribution The distribution of Alariaceae includes the northeastern Pacific Ocean, South Africa, southern Australia, and New Zealand New Zealand () is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and List of islands of New Zealand, over 600 smaller islands. It is the List of isla ... coasts. References Further reading * Brown algae families {{Phaeophyceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laminariaceae
Laminariaceae is a Family (biology), family of brown algal seaweeds, many genera of which are popularly called "kelp". The table indicates the genera within this family. Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2006). AlgaeBase version 4.2. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org''Laminariaceae''genera retrieved December 19, 2009. The family includes the largest known seaweeds: ''Nereocystis'' and ''Macrocystis''.van den Hoek, C., Mann, D.G. and Jahns, H.M. 1995. Algae An Introduction to Phycology'. University of Cambridge. References Further reading External links Laminariaceae, Brown algae families {{Phaeophyceae-stub ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lessoniaceae
Lessoniaceae are a family of kelp. Species of this family have a transition zone with the intercalary meristem subdivided so that there are a number of secondary stipes in addition to the primary Stipe (botany), stipe. Genera and species *''Ecklonia'' **''Ecklonia arborea'' **''Ecklonia cava'' **''Ecklonia kurome'' **''Ecklonia maxima'' **''Ecklonia radiata'' **''Ecklonia stolonifera'' *''Eckloniopsis'' **''Eckloniopsis radicosa'' *''Egregia'' **''Egregia menziesii'' - feather boa *''Eisenia (alga), Eisenia'' **''Eisenia arborea'' - southern sea palm, sea oak **''Eisenia bicyclis'' - arame *''Lessonia (alga), Lessonia'' **''Lessonia adamsiae'' **''Lessonia brevifolia'' **''Lessonia corrugata'' **''Lessonia flavicans'' **''Lessonia nigrescens'' **''Lessonia spicata'' **''Lessonia tholiformis'' **''Lessonia trabeculata'' **''Lessonia vadosa'' **''Lessonia variegata'' References Lessoniaceae, Brown algae families {{Phaeophyceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holdfast (biology)
A holdfast is a root-like structure that anchors aquatic sessile organisms, such as seaweed, other sessile algae, stalked crinoids, benthic cnidarians, and sponges, to the substrate. Holdfasts vary in shape and form depending on both the species and the substrate type. The holdfasts of organisms that live in muddy substrates often have complex tangles of root-like growths. These projections are called haptera and similar structures of the same name are found on lichen A lichen ( , ) is a hybrid colony (biology), colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among hypha, filaments of multiple fungus species, along with yeasts and bacteria embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualism (biology), m ...s. The holdfasts of organisms that live in sandy substrates are bulb-like and very flexible, such as those of sea pens, thus permitting the organism to pull the entire body into the substrate when the holdfast is contracted. The holdfasts of organisms that liv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stipe (botany)
In botany, a stipe is a stalk that supports some other structure. The precise meaning is different depending on which taxonomic group is being described. file:Helicteres-Yucatán-Flowers.jpg, The long stipe of a '' Helicteres'' flower. file:Helicteres-Yucatán-Fruits.jpg, remains as each flower forms a fruit. In the case of ferns, the stipe is only the petiole from the rootstock to the beginning of the leaf tissue, or lamina. The continuation of the structure within the lamina is then termed a rachis. In flowering plants, the term is often used in reference to a stalk that sometimes supports a flower's ovary. In orchids, the stipe or caudicle is the stalk-like support of the pollinia. It is a non-viscid band or strap connecting the pollinia with the viscidium (the viscid part of the rostellum or beak). A stipe is also a structure found in organisms that are studied by botanists but that are no longer classified as plants. It may be the stem-like part of the thallus of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
