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Pearl Circle
A pearl circle (also pearl rim or pearl ring; French ''grènetis'', German ''Perlkreis'', ''Perlrand'', ''Perlreif'') is a circular arrangement of fine, raised points or "pearls" on the coin edge, edge of coins; it also sometimes appears in round or oval frames. It can be considered a relative or subsidiary form of the bead and reel motif. Shape If there is a pearl circle or a Pearls#In jewelry, string of pearls on coins, it usually encloses the entire coin design. The pearl circle can be on one or both sides of a coin.''Perlkreis'' at reppa.de. Retrieved 5 July 2022. In addition to a simple beaded wreath, there are also double or multiple beaded circles. There are also variants that do not have circular beads or that show an alternating pattern of beads and other simple geometric figures. Function Pearl circles (later a ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coin Edge
Coin edges are the parts of a coin's surface between the faces; they may be plain (smooth) or patterned, or a combination of both. They can also include lettering. Reeded edges are often referred to as "ridged" or "grooved" (US usage), or "milled" (UK usage).Concise Oxford Dictionary (2006): mill, produce regular ribbed markings on the edge of (a coin) Some coins, such as United States quarters and dimes, have reeded edges. Reeding of edges was introduced to prevent coin clipping and counterfeiting. The main techniques of coin edging are edge mills of various types, which put a pattern on a smooth edge, after a coin and coin mills with edge rings, which pattern the edge at the time when the coin is being milled. Inscriptions Examples of edge inscriptions or edge lettering include on the edge of U.S. Presidential dollar coins, various national €2 edge inscriptions, and various phrases on the UK one pound coin, most commonly . Inscriptions are more common on thicker, high ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coin
A coin is a small object, usually round and flat, used primarily as a medium of exchange or legal tender. They are standardized in weight, and produced in large quantities at a mint in order to facilitate trade. They are most often issued by a government. Coins often have images, numerals, or text on them. The faces of coins or medals are sometimes called the ''obverse'' and the ''reverse'', referring to the front and back sides, respectively. The obverse of a coin is commonly called ''heads'', because it often depicts the head of a prominent person, and the reverse is known as ''tails''. The first metal coins – invented in the ancient Greek world and disseminated during the Hellenistic period – were precious metal–based, and were invented in order to simplify and regularize the task of measuring and weighing bullion (bulk metal) carried around for the purpose of transactions. They carried their value within the coins themselves, but the stampings also induced manip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bead And Reel
Bead and reel is an architectural motif, usually found in sculptures, moldings and numismatics. It consists in a thin line where beadlike elements alternate with cylindrical ones. It is found throughout the modern Western world in architectural detail, particularly on Greek/Roman style buildings, wallpaper borders, and interior moulding design. It is often used in combination with the egg-and-dart motif. According to art historian John Boardman, the bead and reels motif was entirely developed in Greece from motifs derived from the turning techniques used for wood and metal, and was first employed in stone sculpture in Greece during the 6th century BC. The motif then spread to Persia, Egypt and the Hellenistic world, and as far as India, where it can be found on the abacus part of some of the Pillars of Ashoka or the Pataliputra capital. Bead and reel motifs can be found abundantly in Greek and Hellenistic sculpture and on the border of Hellenistic coins. Gallery Didyma 2013-03- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pearls
A pearl is a hard, glistening object produced within the soft tissue (specifically the mantle (mollusc), mantle) of a living Exoskeleton, shelled mollusk or another animal, such as fossil conulariids. Just like the shell of a mollusk, a pearl is composed of calcium carbonate (mainly aragonite or a mixture of aragonite and calcite) in minute crystalline form, which has deposited in concentric layers. More commercially valuable pearls are perfectly round and smooth, but many other shapes, known as baroque pearls, can occur. The finest quality of natural pearls have been highly valued as gemstones and objects of beauty for many centuries. Because of this, ''pearl'' has become a metaphor for something rare, fine, admirable, and valuable. The most valuable pearls occur spontaneously in the wild but are extremely rare. These wild pearls are referred to as ''natural'' pearls. ''Cultured'' or ''farmed'' pearls from Pinctada, pearl oysters and freshwater mussels make up the majority o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coin Clipping
A coin is a small object, usually round and flat, used primarily as a medium of exchange or legal tender. They are standardized in weight, and produced in large quantities at a mint in order to facilitate trade. They are most often issued by a government. Coins often have images, numerals, or text on them. The faces of coins or medals are sometimes called the ''obverse'' and the ''reverse'', referring to the front and back sides, respectively. The obverse of a coin is commonly called ''heads'', because it often depicts the head of a prominent person, and the reverse is known as ''tails''. The first metal coins – invented in the ancient Greek world and disseminated during the Hellenistic period – were precious metal–based, and were invented in order to simplify and regularize the task of measuring and weighing bullion (bulk metal) carried around for the purpose of transactions. They carried their value within the coins themselves, but the stampings also induced manipulat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient History
Ancient history is a time period from the History of writing, beginning of writing and recorded human history through late antiquity. The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with the development of Sumerian language, Sumerian cuneiform script. Ancient history covers all continents inhabited by humans in the period 3000 BCAD 500, ending with the Early Muslim conquests, expansion of Islam in late antiquity. The three-age system periodises ancient history into the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age, with recorded history generally considered to begin with the Bronze Age. The start and end of the three ages vary between world regions. In many regions the Bronze Age is generally considered to begin a few centuries prior to 3000 BC, while the end of the Iron Age varies from the early first millennium BC in some regions to the late first millennium AD in others. During the time period of ancient history, the world population was Exponential growth, e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Coin
Roman currency for most of Roman history consisted of gold, silver, bronze Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12–12.5% tin and often with the addition of other metals (including aluminium, manganese, nickel, or zinc) and sometimes non-metals (such as phosphorus) or metalloid ..., orichalcum#Numismatics, orichalcum and copper coinage. From its introduction during the Roman Republic, Republic, in the third century BC, through Roman Empire, Imperial times, Roman currency saw many changes in form, denomination, and composition. A feature was the inflationary debasement and replacement of coins over the centuries. Notable examples of this followed the reforms of Diocletian. This trend continued with Byzantine currency. Due to the economic power and longevity of the Roman state, Roman currency was widely used throughout western Eurasia and northern Africa from classical times into the Middle Ages. It served as a model for the currencies o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Close Collar Minting
Close collar minting is a method of coin manufacture that is used almost exclusively today. With close collar minting, the planchet is centred within a solid metal collar during the minting process. This restraining collar prevented the expansion of the planchet sideways and outwards and thus made it possible to mint completely round coins for the first time. These could also have a slightly raised edge ( edge bar) and an edge inscription without additional milling. The edge minting made possible with the new technology is not only difficult to forge; it also increases the circulation security of the coins, since coin clipping is very easily noticed. A pearl circle often adjoins the edge bar on the inside. Close collar minting is an invention of French medalist and engraver Jean-Pierre Droz (1746–1823). Its prototype of a functional minting machine had a six-part minting ring. Close collars were used for the first time in the new Soho Mint. In Germany, Prussia systematically p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edge Bar
Coin edges are the parts of a coin's surface between the faces; they may be plain (smooth) or patterned, or a combination of both. They can also include lettering. Reeded edges are often referred to as "ridged" or "grooved" (US usage), or "milled" (UK usage).Concise Oxford Dictionary (2006): mill, produce regular ribbed markings on the edge of (a coin) Some coins, such as United States quarters and dimes, have reeded edges. Reeding of edges was introduced to prevent coin clipping and counterfeiting. The main techniques of coin edging are edge mills of various types, which put a pattern on a smooth edge, after a coin and coin mills with edge rings, which pattern the edge at the time when the coin is being milled. Inscriptions Examples of edge inscriptions or edge lettering include on the edge of U.S. Presidential dollar coins, various national €2 edge inscriptions, and various phrases on the UK one pound coin, most commonly . Inscriptions are more common on thicker, high ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Coinage Act
On the founding of the German Empire in 1871, trade and transport was hampered by the existence of eight different currency systems across the various member states of the Empire. There were eight currency, state currencies whose coins included the ''Thaler, Vereinsthaler, Konventionsthaler, Kreuzer, Heller (coin)#Germany, Heller, Groschen, Silbergroschen, Neugroschen, Guilder, Gulden, Konventionsgulden, Schilling (coin), Schilling, Mark (currency), Mark, Pfennig, Neu-Pfennig, French franc, Franc, Centime'', Bremen ''Goldthaler, Groten, Schwaren,'' Prussian or Graumann ''Reichsthaler, Kurantthaler'' and ''Friedrich d'Or'', which were all based on different gold and silver standards, making trade more difficult. As a result, Kaiser William I (German Empire), William I passed the first act of currency union in the German Empire. The Coinage Act of 4 December 1871 specified the gold content of the new common currency, the Mark (1871), imperial gold coin, which was to be used by all s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
