Papillary Stenosis
Papillary stenosis is a disturbance of the sphincter of Oddi, a muscular valve, that prevents the opening and release of bile or pancreas, pancreatic fluids into the duodenum in response to food entering the duodenum. Obstruction of the valve can cause: * pancreatic pain * jaundice – bile leaking back into the blood stream. * attacks of pancreatitis Causes * passage of stones * scarring * Gluten sensitivity#Gluten-sensitive enteropathy, Gluten-sensitive enteropathy * Autoimmune pancreatitis Diagnosis and treatment * Endoscopic examination * Usually treated surgically, usually involving ''papillotomy'', that is, an incision in the sphincter. See also *Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction External links Papillary Stenosis: Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction References

Biliary tract disorders {{Disease-stub} ...
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Sphincter Of Oddi
The sphincter of Oddi (SO) (also hepatopancreatic sphincter or Glisson's sphincter), is a sphincter, a muscular valve that, in humans and some animals, controls the flow of bile and pancreatic juice out of the gallbladder and pancreas respectively through the ampulla of Vater into the second part of the duodenum. It is named after Ruggero Oddi. Structure The sphincter of Oddi is a circular muscle band, or sphincter that surrounds the major duodenal papilla. Function The sphincter regulates the secretion of pancreatic juice and bile into the duodenum. It also prevents reflux of duodenal contents into the ampulla of Vater. By preventing reflux of the contents of the duodenum, the sphincter of Oddi prevents the accumulation of particulate matter and sludge in the bile ducts, reducing the risk of cholangitis. The sphincter of Oddi also allows retrograde filling of the gallbladder. The sphincter of Oddi is relaxed by the hormone cholecystokinin via vasoactive intestinal pep ...
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