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Nymphalid
The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfamily Papilionoidea, they are usually medium-sized to large butterflies. Most species have a reduced pair of forelegs and many hold their colourful wings flat when resting. They are also called brush-footed butterflies or four-footed butterflies, because they are known to stand on only four legs while the other two are curled up; in some species, these forelegs have a brush-like set of hairs, which gives this family its other common name. Many species are brightly coloured and include popular species such as the emperors, monarch butterfly, admirals, tortoiseshells, and fritillaries. However, the under wings are, in contrast, often dull and in some species look remarkably like dead leaves, or are much paler, producing a cryptic effect that helps the butterflies blend into their surroundings. Nomenclature Rafinesque introd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biblidinae
Biblidinae is a subfamily of Nymphalidae, nymphalid butterflies that includes the tropical brushfoots. This subfamily was sometimes merged within the Limenitidinae, but they are now recognized as quite distinct lineages. In older literature, this subfamily is sometimes called Eurytelinae. As of 2008, some 340 valid species are in this subfamily, placed in 38 genera. Most species of Biblidinae are Neotropical, but there are some Old World species and genera in the tribes Biblidini and Epicaliini. Systematics The Biblidinae are a taxonomically stable monophyletic group, at least since the "wastebin taxon, wastebin genus" ''Catagramma'' was dismantled around 1950. The tribes, in the presumed phylogenetic sequence and with notable genera also listed here, are: Biblidini Boisduval, 1833 * ''Biblis (butterfly), Biblis'' Fabricius, 1807 (= ''Zonaga'') * ''Ariadne (genus), Ariadne'' Horsfield, 1829 (= ''Ergolis'') * ''Laringa'' Moore, 1901 * ''Eurytela'' Boisduval, 1833 * ''Ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Libytheinae
The Libytheinae are a nymphalid subfamily known as snout butterflies, containing two valid genera and about ten species: six in ''Libythea'' and four in '' Libytheana''. The common name refers to the thick labial palps (pedipalps) that look like a "snout" in this subfamily. In older literature, this group was recognized as the family Libytheidae. They are medium-sized and typically a drab brown. The front legs are reduced in length and the ventral hindwings are cryptically colored to help them blend in with their surroundings. While at rest, the members of this subfamily keep their wings tightly closed to resemble dead leaves. Classification Libytheinae is a subfamily of the family Nymphalidae: *Family Nymphalidae Rafinesque, 1815 ** Subfamily Libytheinae Boisduval, 1833 *** ''Libythea ''Libythea'' is a widespread genus of Nymphalidae, nymphalid butterfly, butterflies commonly called beaks or snouts. They are strong fliers and may even be migratory. Classification * So ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heliconiini
Heliconiini is a tribe of butterflies in the subfamily Heliconiinae, also known as the passion-vine butterflies. This group has roughly 100 species and subspecies distributed primarily in the Neotropics. at Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms'' Genera and select species *'' Agraulis'' (Boisduval & Le Conte, 1833) **'' Agraulis vanillae'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – Gulf fritillary *''[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morphinae
The Morphinae are a subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ... of Nymphalidae butterflies that includes the morphos, the owl butterflies (''Caligo''), and related lineages. It is either considered a sister group of the Satyrinae, or disassembled and included therein. Systematics This group sometimes includes the monotypic (sub)tribe Biina, otherwise placed in the Brassolini. This group is the subject of intense study and the following classification is subject to modification. Listed alphabetically by tribe. , funet.fr Tribe [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calinaginae
''Calinaga'' is the sole genus of the monotypic nymphalid butterfly subfamily Calinaginae. Its species occur in South Asia and Southeast Asia. The evolutionary history of ''Calinaga'' remains a mystery until today. Recent research indicated that the common ancestor of ''Calinaga'' first split in the Eocene in southern China. This was most likely due to a consequence of geological and environmental impacts of the collision of the Indian and Asian subcontinents. Material was copied from this source, which is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Classification *'' Calinaga aborica'' Tytler, 1915 – Abor freak *'' Calinaga buddha'' Moore, 1857 – freak *'' Calinaga buphonas'' Oberthür, 1920 *'' Calinaga cercyon'' de Nicéville *'' Calinaga davidis'' Oberthür *'' Calinaga funebris'' Oberthür, 1919 *'' Calinaga funeralis'' Monastyrskii & Devyatkin, 2000 *'' Calinaga genestieri'' Oberthür, 1922 *'' Calinaga gautama'' Moore, 1896 – Sikkim f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heliconiinae
The Heliconiinae, commonly called heliconians or longwings, are a subfamily of the brush-footed butterflies (family (biology), family Nymphalidae). They can be divided into 45–50 genera and were sometimes treated as a separate family Heliconiidae within the Papilionoidea. The colouration is predominantly reddish and black, and though of varying wing shape, the forewings are always elongated tipwards, hence the common name. Most longwings are found in the Tropics, particularly in South America; only the Argynnini are quite diverse in the Holarctic. Especially tropical species feed on poisonous plants, characteristically Passifloraceae vines, as larvae, becoming poisonous themselves. The adult butterflies announce their acquired toxicity with strong aposematic colours, warning off would-be predators. There are several famous cases of Batesian mimicry, Batesian and Müllerian mimicry both within this group and with other butterflies. Other commonly seen food plants are Fabaceae ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nymphalini
Nymphalini is a tribe (biology), tribe of nymphalid Nymphalidae, brush-footed butterflies. Common names include Admiral (other)#Other uses, admirals, anglewings, Polygonia, commas, and Aglais, tortoiseshells, but none of these is specific to one particular genus. The name anglewing butterflies is an English translation of a Latin term ''papiliones angulati'', [Michael Denis, Denis & Ignaz Schiffermüller, Schiffermüller], ([1775, 1776]). Based on an overall similarity in the angulate wing shape, a collective name: ''Papiliones angulati'' was employed for ''Papilio atalanta'', ''P. antiopa'', ''P. cardui'', ''P. c-album'', ''P. io'', ''P. polychloros'', ''P. urticae'', ''P. xanthomelas'', ''P. vaualbum'', ''P. levana'' and ''P. prorsa''. The term ''papiliones angulati'' is applied as a collective taxon name, which therefore needs no type species as specified in Article 42.3.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. ''Papiliones angulati'' has thus been re-d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apaturinae
The Apaturinae are a subfamily of butterflies that includes many species commonly called emperors. Description Strikingly-coloured, with cryptic underwing. A distinguishing character of the subfamily is the green proboscis. Agathina emperor (Doxocopa agathina agathina).jpg, ''Doxocopa agathina'' with green proboscis Genera Apaturinae consists of 20 genera and shows separate distributions and uncommon host–plant associations. Most genera of this subfamily are found throughout South-East Asia and Africa, whereas the genera ''Doxocopa'' and ''Asterocampa'' are spread mainly in South America and North America.Ohshima, I., Tanikawa-Dodo, Y., Saigusa, T., Nishiyama, T., Kitani, M., Hasebe, M., & Mohri, H. (2010). Phylogeny, biogeography, and host–plant association in the subfamily Apaturinae (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) inferred from eight nuclear and seven mitochondrial genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 57(3), 1026-1036. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.09.018 *'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monarch Butterflies (Danaus Plexippus Plexippus) Piedra Herrada 2
The monarch butterfly or simply monarch (''Danaus plexippus'') is a milkweed butterfly (subfamily Danainae) in the family Nymphalidae. Other common names, depending on region, include milkweed, common tiger, wanderer, and black-veined brown. It is among the most familiar of List of butterflies of North America, North American butterflies and an iconic pollinator, although it is not an especially effective pollinator of milkweeds. Its wings feature an easily recognizable black, orange, and white pattern, with a wingspan of . A Müllerian mimic, the viceroy butterfly, is similar in color and pattern, but is markedly smaller and has an extra black stripe across each hindwing. The eastern North American monarch population is notable for its annual southward late-summer/autumn instinctive Monarch butterfly migration, migration from the northern and central United States and southern Canada to Florida and Mexico. During the fall migration, monarchs cover thousands of miles, with a co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nymphalis
''Nymphalis'', commonly known as the tortoiseshells or anglewing butterflies, is a genus of Nymphalidae, brush-footed butterflies. The genera ''Aglais'', ''Inachis'', ''Polygonia'' and ''Kaniska canace, Kaniska'', were sometimes included as subgenera of ''Nymphalis''"''Nymphalis'' Kluk, 1780" at Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms'' but they may instead be treated as distinct genera. See also Nymphalini, anglewing butterflies. For other butterflies named tortoiseshells, see the genus ''Aglais''. The name ''Nymphalis'', established by Jan Krzysztof Kluk in 1780, is the oldest name among the generic names for a relatively small group of butterflies collectively known as anglewing butterflies. In zoological nomenclature, the oldest name has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilionoidea
Butterflies are winged insects from the lepidopteran superfamily Papilionoidea, characterized by large, often brightly coloured wings that often fold together when at rest, and a conspicuous, fluttering flight. The oldest butterfly fossils have been dated to the Paleocene, about 56 million years ago, though molecular evidence suggests that they likely originated in the Cretaceous. Butterflies have a four-stage life cycle, and like other holometabolous insects they undergo complete metamorphosis. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs out, expands its wings to dry, and flies off. Some butterflies, especially in the tropics, have several generations in a year, while others have a single generation, and a few in cold locations may take seve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
