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Mothball
Mothballs are small balls of chemical pesticide and deodorant, sometimes used when storing clothing and other materials susceptible to damage from silverfish, Mold (fungus), mold or moth larvae (especially clothes moths like ''Tineola bisselliella''). Composition Older mothballs consisted primarily of naphthalene, but due to naphthalene's flammability, many modern mothball formulations instead use 1,4-dichlorobenzene. The latter formulation may be somewhat less flammable, although both chemicals have the same NFPA 704 rating for flammability. The latter chemical is also variously labeled as 1,4-Dichlorobenzene, para-dichlorobenzene, p-dichlorobenzene, P-DCB, pDCB, or PDB (Palm OS), PDB, making it harder to identify unless all these names and initialisms are known to a potential purchaser. Both of these formulations have the strong, pungent, sickly-sweet odor often associated with mothballs. Both naphthalene and 1,4-dichlorobenzene undergo Sublimation (phase transition), subli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dichlorobenzene (1,4-DCB, ''p''-DCB, or ''para''-dichlorobenzene, sometimes abbreviated as PDCB or para) is an aryl chloride and isomer of dichlorobenzene with the formula C6H4Cl2. This colorless solid has a strong odor. The molecule consists of a benzene ring with two chlorine atoms (replacing hydrogen atoms) on opposing sites of the ring. It is used as a disinfectant, pesticide, and deodorant, most familiarly in mothballs in which it is a replacement for the more traditional naphthalene because of naphthalene's greater flammability (though both chemicals have the same NFPA 704 rating). It is also used as a precursor in the production of the chemically and thermally resistant polymer poly(''p''-phenylene sulfide). Production ''p''-DCB is produced by chlorination of benzene using ferric chloride as a catalyst: :C6H6 + 2 Cl2 → C6H4Cl2 + 2 HCl The chief impurity is the 1,2 isomer. The compound can be purified by fractional crystallization, taking advantage of its re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
P-DCB
1,4-Dichlorobenzene (1,4-DCB, ''p''-DCB, or ''para''-dichlorobenzene, sometimes abbreviated as PDCB or para) is an aryl chloride and isomer of dichlorobenzene with the formula C6H4Cl2. This colorless solid has a strong odor. The molecule consists of a benzene ring with two chlorine atoms (replacing hydrogen atoms) on opposing sites of the ring. It is used as a disinfectant, pesticide, and deodorant, most familiarly in mothballs in which it is a replacement for the more traditional naphthalene because of naphthalene's greater flammability (though both chemicals have the same NFPA 704 rating). It is also used as a precursor in the production of the chemically and thermally resistant polymer poly(''p''-phenylene sulfide). Production ''p''-DCB is produced by chlorination of benzene using ferric chloride as a catalyst: :C6H6 + 2 Cl2 → C6H4Cl2 + 2 HCl The chief impurity is the 1,2 isomer. The compound can be purified by fractional crystallization, taking advantage of its relat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1,4-dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dichlorobenzene (1,4-DCB, ''p''-DCB, or ''para''-dichlorobenzene, sometimes abbreviated as PDCB or para) is an aryl chloride and isomer of dichlorobenzene with the formula C6H4Cl2. This colorless solid has a strong odor. The molecule consists of a benzene ring with two chlorine atoms (replacing hydrogen atoms) on opposing sites of the ring. It is used as a disinfectant, pesticide, and deodorant, most familiarly in mothballs in which it is a replacement for the more traditional naphthalene because of naphthalene's greater flammability (though both chemicals have the same NFPA 704 rating). It is also used as a precursor in the production of the chemically and thermally resistant polymer poly(''p''-phenylene sulfide). Production ''p''-DCB is produced by chlorination of benzene using ferric chloride as a catalyst: :C6H6 + 2 Cl2 → C6H4Cl2 + 2 HCl The chief impurity is the 1,2 isomer. The compound can be purified by fractional crystallization, taking advantage of its re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naphthalene
Naphthalene is an organic compound with formula . It is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and is a white Crystal, crystalline solid with a characteristic odor that is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 Parts-per notation, ppm by mass. As an Aromaticity, aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene's structure consists of a fused pair of benzene rings. It is the main ingredient of traditional mothballs. History In the early 1820s, two separate reports described a white solid with a pungent odor derived from the distillation of coal tar. In 1821, John Kidd (chemist), John Kidd cited these two disclosures and then described many of this substance's properties and the means of its production. He proposed the name ''naphthaline'', as it had been derived from a kind of naphtha (a broad term encompassing any volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture, including coal tar). Naphthalene's chemical formula was determined by Michael Faraday in 1826. The structure of two f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDD), also known as favism, is the most common enzyme deficiency anemia worldwide. It is an inborn error of metabolism that predisposes to red blood cell breakdown. Most of the time, those who are affected have no symptoms. Following a specific trigger, symptoms such as yellowish skin, dark urine, shortness of breath, and feeling tired may develop. Complications can include anemia and newborn jaundice. Some people never have symptoms. It is an X-linked recessive disorder that results in defective glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that protects red blood cells, which carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body. A defect of the enzyme results in the premature breakdown of red blood cells. This destruction of red blood cells is called hemolysis. Red blood cell breakdown may be triggered by infections, certain medication, stress, or foods such as fava beans. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clothes Moth
Clothes moth or clothing moth is the common name for several species of moth considered to be pests, whose larvae eat animal fibres (hairs), including clothing and other fabrics. These include: * ''Tineola bisselliella'', the common clothes moth or webbing clothes moth * ''Tinea pellionella'', the case-bearing clothes moth. Obsolete names are: ''Phalaena (Tinea) pellionella'', ''Phalaena zoolegella'', ''Tinea demiurga'', ''Tinea gerasimovi'', and ''Tinea pelliomella'' * ''Trichophaga tapetzella'', the carpet moth or tapestry moth * ''Monopis crocicapitella'', pale-backed clothes moth. Particularly destructive of textiles, and found to have increased dramatically in south-west England in 2018. * ''Niditinea fuscella'', the brown-dotted clothes moth Diet and infestation The larvae of clothes moths can eat animal fibres which are not removed by other scavengers, and are capable of consuming and digesting keratin materials that make up silk, wool, fur, and hair. This allows clothes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tineola Bisselliella
''Tineola bisselliella'', known as the common clothes moth, webbing clothes moth, or simply clothing moth, is a species of fungus moth (family (biology), family Tineidae, subfamily Tineinae). It is the type species of its genus ''Tineola'' and was Species description, first described by the Swedish entomologist Arvid David Hummel in 1823. It and a number of closely-related species are together known as the clothes moths due to their role as pest (organism), pests in human households. The specific name (zoology), specific name is commonly misspelled ''biselliella'' – for example by Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer, G. A. W. Herrich-Schäffer, when he established ''Tineola'' in 1853. The larvae (caterpillars) of this moth are considered a serious pest, as they can derive nourishment from clothing – in particular wool, but many other natural fibres – and also, like most related species, from stored foods, such as grains. Description ''Tineola bisselliella'' is a small ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Toxicology Program
The National Toxicology Program (NTP) is an inter-agency program run by the United States Department of Health and Human Services to coordinate, evaluate, and report on toxicology within public agencies. The National Toxicology Program is headquartered at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). The NIEHS Director, currently Richard Woychik, also concurrently serves as NTP Director. History The program was established in 1978 by Joseph A. Califano Jr., then the United States Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare (today known as the Secretary of Health and Human Services). The program arose from congressional concerns about the health effects of chemical agents in the environment. In October 1981, Secretary Richard S. Schwiker granted permanent status to the program. Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods The NTP Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM) supports the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Agency For Research On Cancer
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC; ) is an intergovernmental agency forming part of the World Health Organization of the United Nations. Its role is to conduct and coordinate research into the causes of cancer. It also cancer registry, collects and publishes disease surveillance, surveillance data regarding the occurrence of cancer worldwide. Its IARC monographs programme identifies carcinogenic hazards and evaluates environmental carcinogen, causes of cancer in humans. IARC has its own governing council, and in 1965 the first members were West Germany, France, Italy, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. Today, IARC's membership has grown to 29 countries. History In late February 1963, after he experienced his spouse suffering and dying of cancer, journalist and Mouvement de la Paix, peace activist Yves Poggioli sent a letter to Emmanuel d'Astier de La Vigerie, Emmanuel d'Astier de la Vignerie relating his story, and urging support for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
California
California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States that lies on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares Mexico–United States border, an international border with the Mexico, Mexican state of Baja California to the south. With almost 40million residents across an area of , it is the List of states and territories of the United States by population, largest state by population and List of U.S. states and territories by area, third-largest by area. Prior to European colonization of the Americas, European colonization, California was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas in pre-Columbian North America. European exploration in the 16th and 17th centuries led to the colonization by the Spanish Empire. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821, following Mexican War of Independence, its successful war for independence, but Mexican Cession, was ceded to the U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Coloured Mothball (naphthalene Ball) 20230315 180901
White is the lightness, lightest color and is achromatic (having no colorfulness, chroma). It is the color of objects such as snow, chalk, and milk, and is the opposite of black. White objects fully (or almost fully) diffuse reflection, reflect and scattering, scatter all the visible spectrum, visible wavelengths of light. White on television and computer screens is created by a mixture of red, blue, and green light. The color white can be given with white pigments, especially titanium dioxide. In ancient Egypt and ancient Rome, priestesses wore white as a symbol of purity, and Romans wore white togas as symbols of citizenship. In the Middle Ages and Renaissance a white unicorn symbolized chastity, and a white lamb sacrifice and purity. It was the royal color of the kings of France as well as the flag of Bourbon Restoration in France, monarchist France from 1815 to July Revolution, 1830, and of the White movement, monarchist movement that opposed the Bolsheviks during the Ru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
