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Mobbing
Mobbing, as a sociological term, refers either to bullying in any context, or specifically to that within the workplace, especially when perpetrated by a group rather than an individual. Psychological and health effects Victims of workplace mobbing frequently suffer from: adjustment disorders, somatic symptoms, psychological trauma (e.g., trauma tremors or sudden onset selective mutism), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or major depression.Hillard JWorkplace mobbing: Are they really out to get your patient? Current Psychiatry Volume 8 Number 4 April 2009 Pages 45–51 In mobbing targets with PTSD, Leymann notes that the "mental effects were fully comparable with PTSD from war or prison camp experiences." Some patients may develop alcoholism or other substance abuse disorders. Family relationships routinely suffer and victims sometimes display acts of aggression towards strangers in the street. Workplace targets and witnesses may even develop brief psychotic episodes , g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal Mobbing Behavior
Mobbing in animals is an anti-predator adaptation in which individuals of prey species cooperatively attack or harass a predator, usually to protect their offspring. A simple definition of mobbing is an assemblage of individuals around a potentially dangerous predator. This is most frequently seen in birds, though it is also known to occur in many other animals such as the meerkat and some Bovinae, bovines. While mobbing has evolved independently in many species, it only tends to be present in those whose young are frequently preyed upon. This ethology, behavior may complement crypsis, cryptic adaptations in the offspring themselves, such as camouflage and hiding. Mobbing calls may be used to summon nearby individuals to co-operation (evolution), cooperate in the attack. Konrad Lorenz, in his book ''On Aggression'' (1966), attributed mobbing among birds and animals to instincts rooted in the Darwinian struggle to survive. In his view, humans are subject to similar innate impulses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heinz Leymann
Heinz Leymann (17 July 1932 – 26 January 1999) was a Swedish academic, famous for his studies on mobbing among humans. He held a degree in pedagogical psychology, and another one in psychiatry and worked as a psychologist. He was a professor at Umeå University. Academic background Born in 1932 in Wolfenbüttel, Germany, Leymann, became a Swedish citizen in the mid-1950s, and was awarded his PhD in pedagogical psychology from Stockholm University in 1978. He then went on to get another research doctorate (''doktor i medicinsk vetenskap'', "doctor of medical science," typically translated into English as PhD) in psychiatry in 1990 from Umeå University. Somewhat unusually, his doctorate in psychiatry was based on his clinical background as a psychologist; he did not go through medical training. Leymann's work on mobbing Leymann pioneered research into mobbing in the 1980s. His initial research in the area was based on detailed case studies of a number of nurses who had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bullying
Bullying is the use of force, coercion, Suffering, hurtful teasing, comments, or threats, in order to abuse, aggression, aggressively wikt:domination, dominate, or intimidate one or more others. The behavior is often repeated and habitual. One essential prerequisite is the perception (by the bully or by others) that an imbalance of physical or Power (social and political), social power exists or is currently present. This perceived presence of physical or Social relation, social imbalance is what distinguishes the behavior from being interpreted or perceived as ''bullying'' from instead being interpreted or perceived as ''Conflict (process), conflict''. Bullying is a subcategory of aggressive behavior characterized by hostility, hostile intent, the goal (whether consciously or subconsciously) of addressing or attempting to Abusive power and control, "fix" the imbalance of power, as well as repetition over a period of time. Bullying can be performed individually or by a group ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kenneth Westhues
Kenneth Westhues is a Canadian sociologist. He is a professor emeritus of Sociology at the University of Waterloo, where he was the chair of the department from 1975 to 1978. He is the author or editor of several books about workplace bullying in academia. Early life Westhues earned a PhD in Sociology from Vanderbilt University in 1970. Career Westhues was a professor of Sociology at the University of Guelph in 1971. He subsequently joined the Sociology department at the University of Waterloo, where he was the department chair from 1975 to 1978. Westhues initially published research about the relationship between church and state. He subsequently published research about the hippie movement. Westhues authored and edited several books about workplace bullying in academia. His research found that vulnerability was increased by personal differences such as being a foreigner or of a different sex; by working in a post-modern field such as music or literature; financial pressure; or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Primate
Primates is an order (biology), order of mammals, which is further divided into the Strepsirrhini, strepsirrhines, which include lemurs, galagos, and Lorisidae, lorisids; and the Haplorhini, haplorhines, which include Tarsiiformes, tarsiers and simians (monkeys and apes). Primates arose 74–63 million years ago first from small terrestrial animal, terrestrial mammals, which adapted for life in tropical forests: many primate characteristics represent adaptations to the challenging environment among Canopy (biology), tree tops, including large brain sizes, binocular vision, color vision, Animal communication, vocalizations, shoulder girdles allowing a large degree of movement in the upper limbs, and opposable thumbs (in most but not all) that enable better grasping and dexterity. Primates range in size from Madame Berthe's mouse lemur, which weighs , to the eastern gorilla, weighing over . There are 376–524 species of living primates, depending on which classification is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herd Mentality
Herd mentality is the tendency for people’s behavior or beliefs to conform to those of the group they belong to. The concept of herd mentality has been studied and analyzed from different perspectives, including biology, psychology and sociology. This psychological phenomenon can have profound impacts on human behavior. Social psychologists study the related topics of collective intelligence, crowd wisdom, groupthink, and deindividuation. History The idea of a "group mind" or " mob behavior" was first put forward by 19th-century social psychologists Gabriel Tarde and Gustave Le Bon. Herd behavior in human societies has also been studied by Sigmund Freud and Wilfred Trotter, whose book '' Instincts of the Herd in Peace and War'' is a classic in the field of social psychology. Sociologist and economist Thorstein Veblen's '' The Theory of the Leisure Class'' illustrates how individuals imitate other group members of higher social status in their consumer behavior. More r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrea Adams
Andrea Caroline Adams (''née'' Hambly; 10 May 1946 – 7 November 1995) was a British BBC broadcaster and journalist known for insightful programs that she wrote and produced for Radio 4's ''Does He Take Sugar'' and ''Woman's Hour''. Career The Nottingham-born Adams was the first person to publicize the significance of workplace bullying, which she campaigned against after her 1980s radio program ''An Abuse of Power'' which resulted in a flood of mail from the British public. It is believed that she coined the expression "workplace bullying" in 1988. Her book, ''Bullying at Work: How to Confront and Overcome It'', was published in 1992. Death and legacy Andrea Adams died from ovarian cancer in 1995, aged 49. The Andrea Adams Trust was launched to campaign against workplace bullying, established in her memory. It provided research, a helpline and education. The Trust was responsible for organising the Ban Bullying at Work Day which is held on the anniversary of Adams's dea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tim Field
Tim Field (24 April 1952 in Eastbourne – 15 January 2006) was a British anti-bullying activist with his main focus relating to workplace bullying. He was the author of two books. In 2011, Field and a journalist Neil Marr coined the term " bullycide". Early life Tim Field was born on 24 April 1952 in Eastbourne, England. From 1971 to 1975 he studied computing science in Stafford at the North Staffordshire Polytechnic, now University of Staffordshire, and was awarded a First Class Honours degree. Career Field worked in the computer industry for nineteen years until he had to stop due to the effects of experiencing severe workplace bullying. In 1996, Field founded the UK National Workplace Bullying Advice Line and the ''Success Unlimited'' website. He wrote and self-published a book, ''Bully in Sight'', based on his own experiences, and impressions of calls to the advice line in 1996. First published with the long title ''Bully in Sight: How to Predict, Resist, Challenge and C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
False Accusations
''False Accusations'' is the third studio album by the Robert Cray Band, released 1985. In the same year, Cray won the Blues Music Award, W.C. Handy Award for best male artist of 1985. Critical reception ''The Boston Globe'' listed the album among the best of 1985, writing that Cray "melds soul-style vocals with masterful blues guitar." Track listing #"Porch Light" (Dennis Walker) – 5:01 #"Change of Heart, Change of Mind (S.O.F.T)" (Cray, Richard Cousins) – 3:49 #"She's Gone" (Bruce Bromberg, David Amy, Cray, Ozall Washington, Peter Boe) – 2:50 #"Playin' in the Dirt" (David Amy, Cray) – 3:46 #"I've Slipped Her Mind" (Dennis Walker) – 5:15 #"False Accusations" (Dennis Walker, Cray, Richard Cousins) – 3:55 #"The Last Time (I Get Burned Like This)" (Cray) – 3:50 #"Payin' for It Now" (David Amy, Cray) – 4:38 #"Sonny" (David Amy, Dennis Walker) – 4:48 Personnel ;The Robert Cray Band *Robert Cray – guitar, vocals *Richard Cousins – bass *David Olson – drums *P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Innuendo
An innuendo is a wikt:hint, hint, wikt:insinuation, insinuation or wikt:intimation, intimation about a person or thing, especially of a denigrating or derogatory nature. It can also be a remark or question, typically disparaging (also called insinuation), that works obliquely by allusion. In the latter sense, the intention is often to insult or accuse someone in such a way that one's words, taken literally, are innocent. According to the ''Advanced Oxford Learner's Dictionary'', an innuendo is "an indirect remark about somebody or something, usually suggesting something bad, mean or rude", such as:'' "innuendos about her private life" ''or'' "The song is full of sexual innuendo".'' Sexual innuendo The term sexual innuendo has acquired a specific meaning, namely that of a "risqué" double entendre by playing on a possibly sexual interpretation of an otherwise innocent uttering. For example: "We need to go deeper" can be seen as either a request for further inquiry or allude to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Virus
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living Cell (biology), cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898, more than 16,000 of the millions of List of virus species, virus species have been described in detail. The study of viruses is known as virology, a subspeciality of microbiology. When infected, a host cell is often forced to rapidly produce thousands of copies of the original virus. When not inside an infected cell or in the process of infecting a cell, viruses exist in the form of independent viral particles, or ''virions'', consisting of (i) genetic material, i.e., long ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cancer
Cancer is a group of diseases involving Cell growth#Disorders, abnormal cell growth with the potential to Invasion (cancer), invade or Metastasis, spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread. Possible Signs and symptoms of cancer, signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in defecation, bowel movements. While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they can also have other causes. List of cancer types, Over 100 types of cancers affect humans. Tobacco use is the cause of about 22% of cancer deaths. Another 10% are due to obesity, poor Diet (nutrition), diet, sedentary lifestyle, lack of physical activity or Alcohol abuse, excessive alcohol consumption. Other factors include certain infections, exposure to ionizing radiation, and environmental pollutants. infectious causes of cancer, Infection with specific viruses, bacteria and parasites is an environmental factor cau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
