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Mesomycetozoea Infections
The Ichthyosporea (or DRIP clade, or Mesomycetozoea) are a small group of Opisthokonta in Eukaryota (formerly protists), mostly parasites of fish and other animals. Significance They are not particularly distinctive morphologically, appearing in host tissues as enlarged spheres or ovals containing spores, and most were originally classified in various groups as fungi, protozoa, or colorless algae. However, they form a coherent group on molecular trees, closely related to both animals and fungi and so of interest to biologists studying their origins. In a 2008 study they emerge robustly as the sibling-group of the clade Filozoa, which includes the animals. Huldtgren et al., following x-ray tomography of microfossils of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation, has interpreted them as mesomycetozoan spore capsules. Terminology The name DRIP is an acronym for the first protozoa identified as members of the group, Cavalier-Smith later treated them as the class Ichthyosporea, since they w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Cavalier-Smith
Thomas (Tom) Cavalier-Smith, FRS, FRSC, NERC Professorial Fellow (21 October 1942 – 19 March 2021), was a professor of evolutionary biology in the Department of Zoology, at the University of Oxford. His research has led to discovery of a number of unicellular organisms (protists) and advocated for a variety of major taxonomic groups, such as the Chromista, Chromalveolata, Opisthokonta, Rhizaria, and Excavata. He was known for his systems of classification of all organisms. Life and career Cavalier-Smith was born on 21 October 1942 in London. His parents were Mary Maude (née Bratt) and Alan Hailes Spencer Cavalier Smith. He was educated at Norwich School, Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge (MA) in Biology and King's College London (PhD) in Zoology. He was under the supervision of Sir John Randall for his PhD thesis between 1964 and 1967; his thesis was entitled "''Organelle Development in'' Chlamydomonas reinhardii". From 1967 to 1969, Cavalier-S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasites Of Fish
Like humans and other animals, fish suffer from diseases and parasites. Fish defences against disease are specific and non-specific. Non-specific defences include skin and scales, as well as the mucus layer secreted by the epidermis that traps microorganisms and inhibits their growth. If pathogens breach these defences, fish can develop inflammatory responses that increase the flow of blood to infected areas and deliver white blood cells that attempt to destroy the pathogens. Specific defences are specialised responses to particular pathogens recognised by the fish's body, that is adaptative immune responses. In recent years, vaccines have become widely used in aquaculture and ornamental fish, for example vaccines for commercial food fishes like Aeromonas salmonicida, furunculosis in salmon and Lactococcosis\Streptococcosis in farmed grey mullet, Tilapia and koi herpes virus in koi. Some commercially important fish diseases are VHS, ICH, and whirling disease. Parasites ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesomycetozoea
The Ichthyosporea (or DRIP clade, or Mesomycetozoea) are a small group of Opisthokonta in Eukaryota (formerly protists), mostly parasites of fish and other animals. Significance They are not particularly distinctive morphologically, appearing in host tissues as enlarged spheres or ovals containing spores, and most were originally classified in various groups as fungi, protozoa, or colorless algae. However, they form a coherent group on molecular trees, closely related to both animals and fungi and so of interest to biologists studying their origins. In a 2008 study they emerge robustly as the sibling-group of the clade Filozoa, which includes the animals. Huldtgren et al., following x-ray tomography of microfossils of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation, has interpreted them as mesomycetozoan spore capsules. Terminology The name DRIP is an acronym for the first protozoa identified as members of the group, Cavalier-Smith Thomas (Tom) Cavalier-Smith, Royal Society, FRS, R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paramoebidiidae
ParamoebidiidaeReynolds, N.K., M.E. Smith, E.D. Tretter, J. Gause, D. Heeney, M.J. Cafaro, J.F. Smith, S.J. Novak, W.A. Bourland, M.M. White. 2017. Resolving relationships at the animal-fungal divergence: A molecular phylogenetic study of the protist trichomycetes (Ichthyosporea, Eccrinida). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution in press, available online 20Feb.2017. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.02.007 is a family of single-celled eukaryotes, previously thought to be zygomycete fungi belonging to the clasTrichomycetes Lichtwardt, R.W., M.J. Cafaro, M.M. White. 2001. The Trichomycetes: Fungal Associates of Arthropods Revised Edition. Published online http://www.nhm.ku.edu/%7Efungi/Monograph/Text/Mono.htm but molecular phylogenetic analyses place the family with the opisthokont group Mesomycetozoea (= IchthyosporeaCavalier-Smith, T. 1998. Neomonada and the origin of animals and fungi. In: Coombs GH, Vickerman K, Sleigh MA, Warren A (ed.) ''Evolutionary relationships among ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amoebidiidae
Amoebidiidae is a family of single-celled eukaryotes, previously thought to be zygomycete fungi belonging to the clasTrichomycetes but molecular phylogenetic analysesBenny, G. L., and O'Donnell, K. 2000. ''Amoebidium parasiticum'' is a protozoan, not a Trichomycete. ''Mycologia'' 92: 1133-1137.Ustinova, I, Krienitz, L., and Huss, V. A. R. 2000. ''Hyaloraphidium curvatum'' is not a green alga, but a lower fungus; ''Amoebidium parasiticum'' is not a fungus, but a member of the DRIPS. ''Protist'' 151: 253-262.Cafaro, M. 2005. Eccrinales (Trichomycetes) are not fungi, but a clade of protists at the early divergence of animals and fungi. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35: 21-34. place the family with the opisthokont group MesomycetozoeaMendoza L, Taylor JW, Ajello L (October 2002)"The class mesomycetozoea: a heterogeneous group of microorganisms at the animal-fungal boundary" ''Annu. Rev. Microbiol''. 56: 315–44. doi: 10.1146/annurev.micro.56.012302.160950 (= Ichthyosp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eukaryota Tree
The eukaryotes ( ) constitute the domain of Eukaryota or Eukarya, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus. All animals, plants, fungi, seaweeds, and many unicellular organisms are eukaryotes. They constitute a major group of life forms alongside the two groups of prokaryotes: the Bacteria and the Archaea. Eukaryotes represent a small minority of the number of organisms, but given their generally much larger size, their collective global biomass is much larger than that of prokaryotes. The eukaryotes emerged within the archaeal kingdom Promethearchaeati and its sole phylum Promethearchaeota. This implies that there are only two domains of life, Bacteria and Archaea, with eukaryotes incorporated among the Archaea. Eukaryotes first emerged during the Paleoproterozoic, likely as flagellated cells. The leading evolutionary theory is they were created by symbiogenesis between an anaerobic Promethearchaeati archaean and an aerobic proteobacterium, which formed the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amoebidiales
Amoebidiidae is a family of single-celled eukaryotes, previously thought to be zygomycete fungi belonging to the clasTrichomycetes but molecular phylogenetic analysesBenny, G. L., and O'Donnell, K. 2000. ''Amoebidium parasiticum'' is a protozoan, not a Trichomycete. ''Mycologia'' 92: 1133-1137.Ustinova, I, Krienitz, L., and Huss, V. A. R. 2000. ''Hyaloraphidium curvatum'' is not a green alga, but a lower fungus; ''Amoebidium parasiticum'' is not a fungus, but a member of the DRIPS. ''Protist'' 151: 253-262.Cafaro, M. 2005. Eccrinales (Trichomycetes) are not fungi, but a clade of protists at the early divergence of animals and fungi. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35: 21-34. place the family with the opisthokont group MesomycetozoeaMendoza L, Taylor JW, Ajello L (October 2002)"The class mesomycetozoea: a heterogeneous group of microorganisms at the animal-fungal boundary" ''Annu. Rev. Microbiol''. 56: 315–44. doi: 10.1146/annurev.micro.56.012302.160950 (= Ichthyosp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eccrinales
Eccrinales are an order of eukaryotes, previously thought to be zygomycete fungi A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ... belonging to the class Trichomycetes, but now considered to be members of the opisthokont group Mesomycetozoea. Taxonomy * Order: Eccrinales ** Family: Eccrinaceae ** Family: Palavasciaceae ** Family: Parataeniellaceae References Opisthokont orders {{Holozoa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ichthyophonus
''Ichthyophonus'' is a genus of unicellular eukaryotic parasites of fish. They were once considered to be fungi, but phylogenetic evidence suggests they are protists related to both fungi and animal Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Biology, biological Kingdom (biology), kingdom Animalia (). With few exceptions, animals heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, ...s. Species * ''I. gasterophilus'' (Caullery & Mesnil 1905) Sprague 1965 * '' I. hoferi'' Plehn & Mulsow 1911 * ''I. intestinalis'' Léger & Hesse 1923 * ''I. irregularis'' Rand et al. 2000 * ''I. lotae'' Leger 1925 References Mesomycetozoea Opisthokont genera Parasitic opisthokonts Parasites of fish Eukaryote genera {{Holozoa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
