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Medieval Serbian Nobility
In the medieval Serbian states, the privileged class consisted of nobility and clergy, distinguished from commoners, part of the feudal society. The Serbian nobility (''srpska vlastela'', ''srpsko vlastelinstvo'' or ''srpsko plemstvo'') were roughly grouped into magnates (''velikaši'' or ''velmože''), the upper stratum, and the lesser nobility (''vlasteličići''). Serbia followed the government model established by the Byzantine Empire. The nobility possessed hereditary allodial estates, which were worked by dependent '' sebri'', the equivalent of Byzantine ''paroikoi''; peasants owing labour services, formally bound by decree. The nobility was obliged to serve the monarch in war. Hierarchy The nobility (''vlastela, vlastelinstvo'' or ''plemstvo'') of Serbia in the Middle Ages is roughly divided into magnates ('' velikaši'' or ''velmože''), nobility and petty noblemen (''vlasteličići''). Sometimes, the division is made between ''vlastela'' (including "great" and "small" one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medieval Serbia
The medieval period in the history of Serbia began in the 6th century with the Slavic migrations to Southeastern Europe, and lasted until the Ottoman Serbia, Ottoman conquest of Serbian lands in the second half of the 15th century. The period is also extended to 1537, when Pavle Bakić, the last titular Despot of Serbia in Hungarian exile, fell in the Battle of Gorjani. At the time of settling, Serbs were already transitioning from a tribal community into a feudal society. The first Serbian state with established political identity was founded by prince Vlastimir in the mid-9th century. It was followed by other Serbian proto states, unstable due to the constant clashes with the First Bulgarian Empire, Bulgarians, Principality of Hungary, Hungarians and Byzantine Empire, Byzantines, and by the conflict between Catholic Church, Rome and Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, Constantinople regarding the Christianization of Serbs, Christianization with the Byzantines getting th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duklja
Duklja ( sr-Cyrl, Дукља; ; ) was a medieval South Slavs, South Slavic state which roughly encompassed the territories of modern-day southeastern Montenegro, from the Bay of Kotor in the west to the Bojana river in the east, and to the sources of the Zeta (river), Zeta and Morača rivers in the north. First mentioned in 10th– and 11th-century Byzantine chronicles, it was a vassal of the First Bulgarian Empire, Bulgarian Empire between 997 and 1018, and then of the Byzantine Empire until it became independent in 1040 under Stefan Vojislav ( 1034–43) who rose up and managed to take over territories of the earlier Principality of Serbia (early medieval), Serbian Principality, founding the Vojislavljević dynasty. Between 1043 and 1080, under Mihailo Vojislavljević ( 1050–81), and his son, Constantine Bodin ( 1081–1101), Duklja saw its apogee. Mihailo was given the nominal title ''King of Slavs'' by the Pope after having left the Byzantine camp and supported an Uprising ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joanikije II
Joanikije II ( sr-cyr, Јоаникије II; 1337– d. 1354) was the Serbian Archbishop (1338–1346) and first Serbian Patriarch (1346–1354). He was elected Serbian Archbishop on January 3, 1338. Prior to his election, he served as a '' logotet'', royal chancellor, to the Kingdom of Serbia. He was elevated to Patriarch on Palm Sunday, April 6, 1346, done in order for Joanikije to crown King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan as Emperor on Easter of 1346. Joanikije continued a tradition of church building, and built, among others, two churches in the Holy Land: the Church of St. Elias on Mount Carmel and the Church of St. Nicholas on Mount Tabor. He died on September 3, 1354, which is his feast day. He was buried in the Patriarchal Monastery of Peć. Life Joanikije was born in the vicinity of Prizren, an important town in the Kingdom of Serbia. His family was Christian. Joanikije served as a '' logotet'', royal chancellor, to the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan (r. 13 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skopje
Skopje ( , ; ; , sq-definite, Shkupi) is the capital and largest city of North Macedonia. It lies in the northern part of the country, in the Skopje Basin, Skopje Valley along the Vardar River, and is the political, economic, and cultural center of the country. As of the 2021 North Macedonia census, 2021 census, the city had a population of 526,502. Skopje covers 571.46 km² and includes both urban and rural areas, bordered by several Municipalities of North Macedonia, municipalities and close to the borders of Kosovo and Serbia. The area of Skopje has been continuously inhabited since at least the Chalcolithic period. The city — known as ''Scupi'' at the time — was founded in the late 1st century during the rule of Domitian, and abandoned in 518 after an earthquake destroyed the city. It was rebuilt under Justinian I. It became a significant settlement under the First Bulgarian Empire, the Serbian Empire (when it served briefly as a capital), and later under the Otto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stephen Uroš IV Dušan Of Serbia
Stephen or Steven is an English first name. It is particularly significant to Christians, as it belonged to Saint Stephen ( ), an early disciple and deacon who, according to the Book of Acts, was stoned to death; he is widely regarded as the first martyr (or " protomartyr") of the Christian Church. The name, in both the forms Stephen and Steven, is often shortened to Steve or Stevie. In English, the female version of the name is Stephanie. Many surnames are derived from the first name, including Stephens, Stevens, Stephenson, and Stevenson, all of which mean "Stephen's (son)". In modern times the name has sometimes been given with intentionally non-standard spelling, such as Stevan or Stevon. A common variant of the name used in English is Stephan ( ); related names that have found some currency or significance in English include Stefan (pronounced or in English), Esteban (often pronounced ), and the Shakespearean Stephano ( ). Origins The name "Stephen" (and its com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Easter
Easter, also called Pascha ( Aramaic: פַּסְחָא , ''paskha''; Greek: πάσχα, ''páskha'') or Resurrection Sunday, is a Christian festival and cultural holiday commemorating the resurrection of Jesus from the dead, described in the New Testament as having occurred on the third day of his burial following his crucifixion by the Romans at Calvary . It is the culmination of the Passion of Jesus, preceded by Lent (or Great Lent), a 40-day period of fasting, prayer, and penance. Easter-observing Christians commonly refer to the last week of Lent, before Easter, as Holy Week, which in Western Christianity begins on Palm Sunday (marking the entrance of Jesus in Jerusalem), includes Spy Wednesday (on which the betrayal of Jesus is mourned), and contains the days of the Easter Triduum including Maundy Thursday, commemorating the Maundy and Last Supper, as well as Good Friday, commemorating the crucifixion and death of Jesus. In Eastern Christianity, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stefan Dečanski
Stefan Uroš III, , known as Stefan of Dečani ( sr-Cyrl, Стефан Дечански, Stefan Dečanski, ( – 11 November 1331), was King of Serbia from 6 January 1322 to 8 September 1331. Dečanski was the son of King Stefan Milutin (). He defeated two other contenders to the Serbian throne. Stefan is known as ''Dečanski'' after the great Visoki Dečani, monastery of Visoki Dečani he built. Early life Stefan Uroš III was the son of King Stefan Uroš II Milutin and his first wife Jelena, a Serbian noblewoman. He was born before his father took the throne in 1282. While still a youth, he was sent ( 1293-1294) by his father as a hostage with his entourage to Nogai Khan of the Golden Horde, to maintain the peace between the Serbs and Tatars. He stayed at Nogai's court until 1297. By 1309, King Milutin appointed his son Stefan (future Dečanski) as governor of Zeta (crown land), Zeta, where he remained until 1314. Exile and return In 1314, Dečanski quarreled with his fathe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dečani Chrysobulls
The Dečani chrysobulls ( sr-Cyrl-Latn, Дечанске хрисовуље, Dečanske hrisovulje) alternatively known as the Dečani charters ( sr-Cyrl-Latn, Дечанске повеље, Dečanske povelje) are chrysobulls dating to 1330–1345 that constitute the founding charters issued by the Serbian King Stefan Dečanski after the building of the monastery of Visoki Dečani was completed, in 1330. In particular, the charters contain a detailed list of landholdings and tax farming rights which the monastery held over settlements and communities in the Kingdom of Serbia, in an area which spanned from present-day southern Serbia, Kosovo, Montenegro and parts of northern Albania. Content The chrysobulls consist in three charters which were written at different times. The first one, a parchment of , was issued by Stefan Dečanski in 1330 and was written in the royal court of Nerodimlja, in present-day southern Kosovo. It contains an introductory part in Serbian Church Slavonic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tepčija
Tepčija ( sr-Cyrl, тепчија) was a court title of Medieval Croatia, Croatia, Medieval Serbia, Serbia and Medieval Bosnia, Bosnia in the Middle Ages. The functions and position in the court is unclear. It was first mentioned in Croatia in the second half of the 11th century, and later in Serbia in the first half of the 13th century, and in Bosnia during 13th and 14th century. The title-holder took care of the country's feudal estates. There were two or three levels in title, the ''veliki tepčija'' (grand), "''tepčija''" and ''Mali tepčija'' (lower). "Veliki tepčija" took care of the royal estates. ''Tepčija'' had a similar office to that of the ''kaznac'' , and cared of all major feudal estates bar that which belonged to the Court. "Tepčija" had executive authorities. His servants were called ''otroci'' ( ''otrok''). The Serbian court hierarchy at the time of king Stefan Milutin (r. 1282–1321) was as follows: ''stavilac'', ''čelnik'', ''kaznac'', ''tepčija'' and ''vo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaznac
Kaznac ( sr-cyr, казнац) was a court title of the state employee in medieval Bosnia and Serbia who was in charge for the treasury in the territory under his jurisdiction — ''kaznačina'' (казначина). The name of the title is derived from Serbo-Croatian word ''kazna'' (). The ''kaznac'' was a financial-taxation service, translated into Latin '' camerarius'' (itself rendered " chamberlain"). In the Dečani chrysobulls, King Stefan Dečanski Stefan Uroš III, , known as Stefan of Dečani ( sr-Cyrl, Стефан Дечански, Stefan Dečanski, ( – 11 November 1331), was King of Serbia from 6 January 1322 to 8 September 1331. Dečanski was the son of King Stefan Milutin (). He ... (r. 1321–1331) mentioned that the court dignitaries present at the Dečani assembly were the ''kaznac'', '' tepčija'', '' vojvoda'', ''sluga'' and '' stavilac''. The title of ''veliki kaznac'' (велики казнац, "grand kaznac") was later transformed into '' protovestij ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
čelnik
''Čelnik'' ( sr-Cyrl, челник) was a high court title in the Kingdom of Serbia, Serbian Empire and Serbian Despotate. In its early form, the holder was entrusted with the security of property belonging to the Orthodox Church from the aristocrats (compare Catholic Vidame), so the holder appeared in the role of a judge or executor of the ruler's decisions, in disputes between the church and the nobility. At the beginning of the 15th century, during the Serbian Despotate, the title of ''veliki čelnik'' (велики челник, "grand čelnik") was the equivalent of count palatine and was the highest court title, with the title-holders holding great provinces, property and honours. History During the reign of King Stefan Milutin (r. 1282–1321), the title holder was entrusted with the security of property belonging to the Church from the aristocrats, so the holder appeared in the role of a judge or executor of the ruler's decisions, in disputes between the church and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
