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Marine Smelt
The Argentiniformes is an order of marine ray-finned fish whose distinctness was recognized only fairly recently. In former times, they were included in the Osmeriformes (typical smelt and allies) as suborder Argentinoidei. That term refers only to the suborder of marine smelts and barreleyes in the classification used here, with the slickheads and allies being the Alepocephaloidei. These suborders were treated as superfamilies Argentinoidea and Alepocephaloidea, respectively, when the present group was still included in the Osmeriformes. They contain six or seven families with almost 60 genera and at least 228 species. A common name for the group is marine smelts and allies, but this is rather misleading since the "freshwater" smelts of the Osmeridae also live predominantly in the ocean.FishBase (2006)Order Osmeriformes Version of 2006-OCT-09. Retrieved 2009-SEP-28. pp. 190–194 The earliest fossil argentiniform remains are otoliths of indeterminate argentinids from th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Argentina Sphyraena
''Argentina sphyraena,'' the lesser silver smelt or lesser argentine, is a species of fish belonging to the family Argentinidae The herring smelts or argentines are a family, Argentinidae, of marine smelts. They are similar in appearance to smelts (family Osmeridae) but have much smaller mouths. They are found in oceans throughout the world. They are small fishes, gro .... ''Argentina sphyraena'' was first described in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus. A pelagic fish found in the northeastern Atlantic, from Norway to Western Sahara, and in the Mediterranean Sea between 50 and 700 m depth. The species generally grows up to 20 cm total length, but 35.5 cm total length is the maximum recorded size. ''Argentina sphyraena'' feeds mostly on invertebrates, including polychaetes, molluscs, and crustaceans. One of the most notable characteristics of the species is that it smells of cucumbers. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q1529358 Argentinidae Taxa named by Carl Linna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freshwater
Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. The term excludes seawater and brackish water, but it does include non-salty mineral-rich waters, such as chalybeate springs. Fresh water may encompass frozen and meltwater in ice sheets, ice caps, glaciers, snowfields and icebergs, natural precipitations such as rainfall, snowfall, hail/ sleet and graupel, and surface runoffs that form inland bodies of water such as wetlands, ponds, lakes, rivers, streams, as well as groundwater contained in aquifers, subterranean rivers and lakes. Water is critical to the survival of all living organisms. Many organisms can thrive on salt water, but the great majority of vascular plants and most insects, amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds need fresh water to survive. Fresh water is the water resource that is of the most and immediate use to humans. Fresh water is n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euteleostei
Euteleostei, whose members are known as euteleosts, is a clade of bony fishes within Teleostei that evolved some 240 million years ago, although the oldest known fossil remains are only from the Early Cretaceous. It is divided into Protacanthopterygii (including the salmon and Stomiidae, dragonfish) and Neoteleostei (including the lanternfish, lizardfish, oarfish, and Acanthopterygii). Taxonomy The following taxa are known: * Clade Pan-Euteleostei ** Genus †''Avitosmerus'' ** Genus †''Barcarenichthys'' ** Genus †''Beurlenichthys'' ** Genus †''Casieroides'' ** Genus †''Chardonius'' ** Genus †''Erihalcis'' ** Genus †''Gaudryella'' ** Genus †''Gharbouria'' ** Genus †''Helgolandichthys'' ** Genus †''Parawenzichthys'' ** Genus †''Santanasalmo'' ** Genus †''Scombroclupeoides'' ** Genus †''Tchernovichthys'' ** Genus †''Wenzichthys'' ** Cohort Euteleostei *** Superorder Lepidogalaxias, Lepidogalaxii *** Superorder Protacanthopterygii *** Clade Stomiati *** ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pattersonellidae
Pattersonellidae is an extinct family of primitive ray-finned fish. It is tentatively classified under the suborder Argentinoidei of the order Argentiniformes (marine smelts and allies). The family was established by Louis Taverne in 1982 when he reclassified ''Leptolepis formosus'' (originally described by Ramsay Heatley Traquair) to '' Pattersonella formosa''. Taxonomy * Genus ''Parawenzichthys'' de Figueiredo, Gallo & Delarmelina 2012 ** Species '' Parawenzichthys minor'' de Figueiredo, Gallo & Delarmelina 2012 * Genus '' Pattersonella'' Taverne 1982 ** Species '' Pattersonella formosa'' (Traquair 1911) Taverne 1982 'Leptolepis formosus'' Traquair 1911* Genus '' Wenzichthys'' Taverne 1976 'Wenzia'' Taverne 1976 non Pfeffer 1929 non Clement 2005** Species '' Wenzichthys congolensis'' (Arambourg & Schneegans 1935) Taverne 1976 'Leptolepis congolensis'' Arambourg & Schneegans 1935; ''Wenzia congolensis'' (Arambourg & Schneegans 1935) References Argentiniformes † ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved in amber, hair, petrified wood and DNA remnants. The totality of fossils is known as the ''fossil record''. Though the fossil record is incomplete, numerous studies have demonstrated that there is enough information available to give a good understanding of the pattern of diversification of life on Earth. In addition, the record can predict and fill gaps such as the discovery of '' Tiktaalik'' in the arctic of Canada. Paleontology includes the study of fossils: their age, method of formation, and evolutionary significance. Specimens are sometimes considered to be fossils if they are over 10,000 years old. The oldest fossils are around 3.48 billion years to 4.1 billion years old. Early edition, published online before prin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maastrichtian
The Maastrichtian ( ) is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) geologic timescale, the latest age (geology), age (uppermost stage (stratigraphy), stage) of the Late Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch or Upper Cretaceous series (stratigraphy), Series, the Cretaceous geologic period, Period or system (stratigraphy), System, and of the Mesozoic geologic era, Era or Erathem. It spanned the interval from . The Maastrichtian was preceded by the Campanian and succeeded by the Danian (part of the Paleogene and Paleocene). It is named after the city of Maastricht, the capital and largest city of the Limburg (Netherlands), Limburg province in the Netherlands. The Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event (formerly known as the Cretaceous–Tertiary period, Tertiary extinction event) occurred at the end of this age. In this extinction event, mass extinction, many commonly recognized groups such as non-avian dinosaurs, plesiosaurs and mosasaurs, as well as many other lesser-kn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Cretaceous
The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the more recent of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after ''creta'', the Latin word for the white limestone known as chalk. The chalk of northern France and the white cliffs of south-eastern England date from the Cretaceous Period. Climate During the Late Cretaceous, the climate was warmer than present, although throughout the period a cooling trend is evident. The tropics became restricted to equatorial regions and northern latitudes experienced markedly more seasonal climatic conditions. Geography Due to plate tectonics, the Americas were gradually moving westward, causing the Atlantic Ocean to expand. The Western Interior Seaway divided North America into eastern and western halves; Appalachia and Laramidia. India maintained a northward course towards Asia. In the Southern Hemisphere, Aus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Argentina (fish)
''Argentina'' is a genus of fishes in the family Argentinidae. The earliest fossil member of this genus is ''Argentina voigti'', known from otoliths from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Germany. Species There are currently 13 recognized species in this genus: * ''Argentina aliceae'' Daniel Morris Cohen, Cohen & Samuel P. Atsaides, Atsaides, 1969 (Alice Argentina) * ''Argentina australiae'' Daniel Morris Cohen, Cohen, 1958 * ''Argentina brasiliensis'' Stanislav Genrikhovich Kobyliansky, Kobyliansky, 2004 * ''Argentina brucei'' Daniel Morris Cohen, Cohen & Samuel P. Atsaides, Atsaides, 1969 (Bruce's Argentine) * ''Argentina elongata'' Frederick Hutton (scientist), F. W. Hutton, 1879 * ''Argentina euchus'' Daniel Morris Cohen, Cohen, 1961 * ''Argentina georgei'' Daniel Morris Cohen, Cohen & Samuel P. Atsaides, Atsaides, 1969 * ''Argentina kagoshimae'' David Starr Jordan, D. S. Jordan & John Otterbein Snyder, Snyder, 1902 * ''Argentina sialis'' Charles Henry Gilbert, C. H. Gi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barremian
The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 125.77 Ma (million years ago) and 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma (Historically, this stage was placed at 129.4 million to approximately 125 million years ago) It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous Epoch (or Lower Cretaceous Series). It is preceded by the Hauterivian and followed by the Aptian Stage.See Gradstein ''et al.'' (2004) or the online geowhen database (link below) Stratigraphic definitions The original type locality for the Barremian Stage is in the vicinity of the village of Barrême, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France. Henri Coquand defined the stage and named it in 1873. The base of the Barremian is determined by the first appearance of the ammonites '' Spitidiscus hugii'' and ''Spitidiscus vandeckii''. The end of the Barremian is determined by the geomagnetic reversal at the start of the M0r chronozone, which is biologically near the first appearance of the ammonite '' Paradesh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otolith
An otolith (, ' ear + , ', a stone), also called otoconium, statolith, or statoconium, is a calcium carbonate structure in the saccule or utricle (ear), utricle of the inner ear, specifically in the vestibular system of vertebrates. The saccule and utricle, in turn, together make the ''otolith organs''. These organs are what allows an organism, including humans, to perceive linear acceleration, both horizontally and vertically (gravity). They have been identified in both extinct and extant vertebrates. Counting the annual growth rings on the otoliths is a common technique in estimating the age of fish. Description Endolymphatic infillings such as otoliths are structures in the saccule and Utricle (ear), utricle of the inner ear, specifically in the Labyrinth (inner ear), vestibular labyrinth of all vertebrates (fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds). In vertebrates, the saccule and utricle together make the ''otolith organs''. Both statoconia and otoliths are used as gra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fishes Of The World
''Fishes of the World'' is a standard reference for the systematics of fishes. It was first written in 1976 by the American ichthyologist Joseph S. Nelson (1937–2011). Now in its fifth edition (2016), the work is a comprehensive overview of the diversity and classification of the 30,000-plus fish species known to science. The book begins with a general overview of ichthyology, although it is not self-contained. After a short section on Chordata and non-fish taxa, the work lists all known fish families in a systematic fashion. Each family is given at least one paragraph, and usually a body outline drawing; large families have subfamilies and tribes described as well. Notable genera and species are mentioned, though the book does generally not deal with the species-level diversity. The complexities of the higher taxa are described succinctly, with many references for difficult points. The book does not contain any color illustrations. The fourth edition was the first to inco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
