|
Malonyldialdehyde
Malondialdehyde belong to the class of β-dicarbonyls. A colorless solid, malondialdehyde is a highly reactive compound that occurs as the enol. It is a physiological metabolite, and a marker for oxidative stress. Structure and synthesis Malondialdehyde mainly exists as its enol, hydroxyacrolein:V. Nair, C. L. O'Neil, P. G. Wang "Malondialdehyde", ''Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis'', 2008, John Wiley & Sons, New York. Article Online Posting Date: March 14, 2008 :CH2(CHO)2 → HOC(H)=CH-CHO In organic solvents, the ''cis''-isomer is favored, whereas in water the ''trans''-isomer predominates. The equilibrium is rapid and is inconsequential for many purposes. In the laboratory it can be generated in situ by hydrolysis of its acetal 1,1,3,3-tetramethoxypropane, which is commercially available and shelf-stable, unlike malondialdehyde. Malondialdehyde is easily deprotonated to give the sodium salt of the enolate (m.p. 245 °C). Biosynthesis and reactivit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic Acid
12-Hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (also termed 12-HHT, 12(''S'')-hydroxyheptadeca-5''Z'',8''E'',10''E''-trienoic acid, or 12(S)-HHTrE) is a 17 carbon metabolite of the 20 carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid. 12-HHT is less ambiguously termed 12-(''S'')-hydroxy-5''Z'',8''E'',10''E''-heptadecatrienoic acid to indicate the ''S'' stereoisomerism of its 12-hydroxyl residue and the ''Z'', ''E'', and ''E'' cis–trans isomerism of its three double bonds. 12-HHT was discovered and structurally defined in 1973 by , Bengt Samuelsson, and Mats Hamberg. It was identified as a product of arachidonic acid metabolism made by microsomes isolated from sheep seminal vesicle glands and by intact human platelets. 12-HHT was for many years thought to be merely a biologically inactive byproduct of prostaglandin synthesis. More recent studies, however, have attached potentially important activity to it. Production Primary source Cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 metabolize ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |