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Mahonia
''Mahonia'' is a formerly accepted genus of approximately 70 species of shrubs or, rarely, small trees with evergreen leaves in the family Berberidaceae, native to eastern Asia, the Himalaya, North America, and Central America. They are closely related to the genus ''Berberis'' and as of 2023 the majority of botanical sources list it as a Synonym (taxonomy), synonym for ''Berberis.'' However, there is still disagreement among botanists, and as recently as 2017 papers have been published arguing for the validity of the genus. In addition, sources that are updated less frequently like the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS database have many plants listed in ''Mahonia''. Most botanists prefer to classify ''Mahonia'' as a part of ''Berberis'' because several species in both genera are able to Hybrid (biology), hybridize, and because there are no consistent morphological differences between the two groups other than the leaf pinnation (''Berberis sensu stricto'' appe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Berberis And Mahonia Species
''Berberis'' and ''Mahonia'' are two widespread and common members of the Berberidaceae, found in many countries. Botanists have for many years had no consensus on the classification, some preferring to treat the group as a single genus (''Berberis''), while others opt to separate the two groups into distinct genera. Therefore, many species have two scientific names, one in ''Berberis'', the other in ''Mahonia'', each used by botanists on one side of the debate. A third generic name, ''Odostemon'', can be found in older literature. It is considered by most authorities to be a rejected synonym for ''Mahonia''. This is an old argument not likely to be resolved soon, and certainly not here on Wikipedia. Our interest is in assisting readers find the web pages on the appropriate species, despite the dual nomenclature. Below are species accepted by The Plant List as members of one genus or the other, all alphabetized by specific epithet with links to synonyms in the other genus, if such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahonia Aquifolium
''Berberis aquifolium'', the Oregon grape or holly-leaved barberry, is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Berberidaceae. It is an evergreen shrub growing up to tall and wide, with pinnate leaves consisting of spiny leaflets, and dense clusters of yellow flowers in early spring, followed by dark bluish-black berries. The berries are a part of the traditional diet of some indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest and the species serves as the state flower of Oregon. Description ''Berberis aquifolium'' grows to tall by wide. The stems and twigs have a thickened, corky appearance. The leaves are pinnate and up to long, comprising spiny leaflets. The leathery leaves resemble those of holly. The yellow flowers are borne in dense clusters long in late spring. Each of the six stamens terminates in two spreading branches. The six yellow petals are enclosed by six yellow sepals. At the base of the flower are three greenish-yellow bracts, less than half as l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahonia Bealei
''Berberis bealei'', also known as leatherleaf mahonia, Beale's barberry, is a species of evergreen shrub native to mainland China. The species has been regarded as the same species as '' Berberis japonica'', native to Taiwan, but the two differ consistently in certain floral and leaf characters. Both species are widely cultivated in many countries as ornamentals. ''Berberis bealei'' has reportedly escaped cultivation and become established in the wild in scattered places in the south-eastern United States from Arkansas to Florida to Delaware. History and etymology First collected in Anhui, China by Robert Fortune, the plants were taken to Shanghai, where they were planted in the garden of Mr Beale to await transportation to Europe. Fortune named the species after Beale in an issue of the ''Gardeners' Chronicle'' and was sure it was a distinct species, separate from '' Berberis japonica''. However, Chronicle editor John Lindley, was unconvinced and repeatedly referred to the ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berberidaceae
The Berberidaceae are a family (biology), family of 18 genera of flowering plants commonly called the barberry family. This family is in the order (biology), order Ranunculales. The family contains about 700 known species, of which the majority are in the genus ''Berberis''. The species include trees, shrubs and perennial plant, perennial herbaceous plants. Taxonomy The APG IV system of 2016 recognises the family and places it in the order Ranunculales in the clade eudicots. In some older treatments of the family, Berberidaceae only included four genera (''Berberis, Epimedium, Mahonia, Vancouveria''), with the other genera treated in separate families, Leonticaceae (''Bongardia, Caulophyllum, Gymnospermium, Leontice''), Nandinaceae (''Nandina''), and Podophyllaceae (''Achlys, Diphylleia, Dysosma, Jeffersonia, Podophyllum, Ranzania, Sinopodophyllum''). ''Mahonia'' is very closely related to ''Berberis'', and included in it by many botanists. However, recent DNA-based Phylogeneti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berberis
''Berberis'' (), commonly known as barberry, is a large genus of deciduous and evergreen shrubs from tall, found throughout temperate and subtropical regions of the world (apart from Australia). Species diversity is greatest in South America and Asia; Europe, Africa and North America have native species as well. The best-known ''Berberis'' species is the European barberry, '' Berberis vulgaris'', which is common in Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and central Asia, and has been widely introduced in North America. Many of the species have spines on the shoots and all along the margins of the leaves. Description The genus ''Berberis'' has dimorphic shoots: long shoots which form the structure of the plant, and short shoots only long. The leaves on long shoots are non-photosynthetic, developed into one to three or more spines long. The bud in the axil of each thorn-leaf then develops a short shoot with several normal, photosynthetic leaves. These leaves are long, simple ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahonia Bodinieri
''Berberis elegans'' is a shrub in the Berberidaceae described as a species in 1908.Gagnepain, François. 1908. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 55: 85 It is endemic to China, found in the provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, and Zhejiang ) , translit_lang1_type2 = , translit_lang1_info2 = ( Hangzhounese) ( Ningbonese) (Wenzhounese) , image_skyline = 玉甑峰全貌 - panoramio.jpg , image_caption = View of the Yandang Mountains , image_map = Zhejiang i .... Taxonomy As of 2023 it is usually classified as ''Berberis elegans'', but in some sources it is still named as ''Mahonia bodinieri''. References elegans Endemic flora of China Plants described in 1908 {{Berberidaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahonia Bracteolata
''Berberis bracteolata'' is a shrub in the Berberidaceae described as a species in 1917. It is endemic to China, known from Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces. Taxonomy ''Berberis bracteolata'' was initially scientifically described and named ''Mahonia bracteolata'' by Hisayoshi Takeda. In 1997 a paper was published by Joseph Edward Laferrière arguing for moving it and other species out of genus ''Mahonia ''Mahonia'' is a formerly accepted genus of approximately 70 species of shrubs or, rarely, small trees with evergreen leaves in the family Berberidaceae, native to eastern Asia, the Himalaya, North America, and Central America. They are closely ...'' to genus ''Berberis'' that has since become the most commonly accepted classification. References bracteolata Endemic flora of China Plants described in 1917 {{Berberidaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shrub
A shrub or bush is a small to medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees by their multiple Plant stem, stems and shorter height, less than tall. Small shrubs, less than tall are sometimes termed as subshrubs. Many botany, botanical groups have species that are shrubs, and others that are trees and herbaceous plants instead. Some define a shrub as less than and a tree as over 6 m. Others use as the cutoff point for classification. Many trees do not reach this mature height because of hostile, less than ideal growing conditions, and resemble shrub-sized plants. Others in such species have the potential to grow taller in ideal conditions. For longevity, most shrubs are classified between Perennial plant, perennials and trees. Some only last about five years in good conditions. Others, usually larger and more woody, live beyond ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernard McMahon
Bernard McMahon or M'Mahon (Ireland ca 1775 — Philadelphia, 18 September 1816) was an Irish-American horticulturist settled in Philadelphia, who served as one of the stewards of the plant collections from the Lewis and Clark Expedition and was the author of ''The American Gardener's Calendar: Adapted to the Climates and Seasons of the United States'' (1806 and following years). He circulated the first extensive gardener's seed list in the United States, which he attached as an appendix to his ''Calendar''. McMahon's most enduring contribution was his ''Calendar'', the most comprehensive gardening book published in the United States in the first half of the nineteenth century. It finished in its eleventh edition in 1857. It was modeled on a traditional English formula, of month-by-month instructions on planting, pruning, and soil preparation for the "Kitchen Garden, Fruit Garden, Orchard, Vineyard, Nursery, Pleasure Ground, Flower Garden, Green House, Hot house and Forcing Frames" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berberine
Berberine is a Quaternary ammonium cation, quaternary ammonium salt from the protoberberine group of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, occurring naturally as a secondary metabolite in some plants including species of ''Berberis'', from which its name is derived. Due to their yellow pigmentation, raw ''Berberis'' materials were once commonly used to dye wool, leather, and wood. Under ultraviolet light, berberine shows a strong yellow fluorescence, making it useful in histology for staining heparin in mast cells. As a natural dye, berberine has a Colour Index International, color index of 75160. Biological sources The following plants are biological sources of berberine: * ''Berberis vulgaris'' (barberry) * ''Berberis aristata'' (tree turmeric) * ''Berberis thunbergii'' * ''Fibraurea tinctoria'' * ''Mahonia aquifolium'' (Oregon grape) * ''Hydrastis canadensis'' (goldenseal) * ''Xanthorhiza simplicissima'' (yellowroot) * ''Phellodendron amurense'' (Amur cork tree) * ''Coptis chinensis'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raceme
A raceme () or racemoid is an unbranched, indeterminate growth, indeterminate type of inflorescence bearing flowers having short floral stalks along the shoots that bear the flowers. The oldest flowers grow close to the base and new flowers are produced as the shoot grows in height, with no predetermined growth limit. Examples of racemes occur on mustard (genus ''Brassica''), radish (genus ''Raphanus''), and orchid (genus ''Phalaenopsis'') plants. Definition A ''raceme'' or ''racemoid'' is an unbranched, indeterminate growth, indeterminate type of inflorescence bearing pedicellate flowers (flowers having short floral stalks called ''Pedicel (botany), pedicels'') along its axis. In botany, an ''axis'' means a shoot, in this case one bearing the flowers. In indeterminate inflorescence-like racemes, the oldest flowers grow close to the base and new flowers are produced as the shoot grows in height, with no predetermined growth limit. A plant that flowers on a showy raceme may hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garden
A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the cultivation, display, and enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature. The single feature identifying even the wildest wild garden is ''control''. The garden can incorporate both natural and artificial materials. Gardens often have design features including statuary, follies, pergolas, trellises, stumperies, dry creek beds, and water features such as fountains, ponds (with or without fish), waterfalls or creeks. Some gardens are for ornamental purposes only, while others also produce food crops, sometimes in separate areas, or sometimes intermixed with the ornamental plants. Food-producing gardens are distinguished from farms by their smaller scale, more labor-intensive methods, and their purpose (enjoyment of a pastime or self-sustenance rather than producing for sale, as in a market garden). Flower gardens combine plants of different heights, colors, textures, and fragrances to create interest and deli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
