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Kobolds
A kobold (; ''kobolt'', ''kobolde'', cobold) is a general or generic name for the household spirit (''hausgeist'') in German folklore. It may invisibly make noises (i.e., be a poltergeist), or helpfully perform kitchen chores or stable work. But it can be a prankster as well. It may expect a bribe or offering of milk, etc. for its efforts or good behaviour. When mistreated (cf. fig. right), its reprisal can be utterly cruel. A () meaning "little hat" is one subtype; this and other kobold sprites are known for its pointy red cap, such as the ''niss'' (cognate of nisse of Norway) or ''puk'' (cognate of puck fairy) which are attested in Northern Germany, alongside ''drak'', a dragon-type name, as the sprite is sometimes said to appear as a shaft of fire, with what looks like a head. There is also the combined form Nis Puk. A house sprite Hinzelmann is a shape-shifter assuming many forms, such as a feather or animals. The name supposedly refers to it appearing in cat-form, H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schrat
The ''Schrat'' () or ''Schratt'', also ''Schraz'' or ''Waldschrat'' (forest ''Schrat''), is a rather diverse German folklore, German and Slavic mythology, Slavic legendary creature with aspects of either a wild man, wood sprite, Household deity, domestic sprite and a nightmare Mare (folklore), demon. In other languages it is further known as ''Skrat''. Etymology The word ''Schrat'' originates in the cognate, same word root as Old Norse ''skrati'', ''skratti'' (sorcerer, giant), Icelandic language, Icelandic ' (devil) and ''vatnskratti'' (water sprite), Swedish language, Swedish ' (fool, sorcerer, devil), and English language, English ' (devil). The German term entered Slavic languages and (via North Germanic languages) Finno-Ugric languages, Finno-Ugric ones as well. Examples are Polish language, Polish ''skrzat'', ''skrzot'' (domestic sprite, dwarf), Czech language, Czech (domestic sprite, gold bringing devil/gnome, mining sprite), Slovene language, Slovene (domestic sprit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nis Puk
The Nis PukHelge Noe-Ygaard: ''Sydslesvigske Sagn'', København 1958 (sometimes also Niß PukKarl Müllenhoff: ''Sagen, Märchen und Lieder der Herzogtümer Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg''. Berlin 2017, p. 425. ()) is a legendary creature, a kind of ''Kobold'', from Danish-, Low German-Leander Petzold: ''Kleines Lexikon der Dämonen und Elementargeister''. Munich 1990, p. 144. and North Frisian-speakingKarl Müllenhoff: ''Sagen, Märchen und Lieder der Herzogtümer Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg''. Berlin 2017, p. 428. areas of Northern Germany and Southern Denmark,Karl Müllenhoff: ''Sagen, Märchen und Lieder der Herzogtümer Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg''. Berlin 2017, p. 433. among them Schleswig, today divided into the German Southern Schleswig and Danish Northern Schleswig. It is also known in Denmark itself as , as a variant of '' nisse''. An earlier saying says Nissen does not want to go over the Eideren, i.e. not to Holstein to the South of Schleswig. Depen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hödekin
(spelled Hödeken, , and , etc.) is a kobold ( house spirit) of German folklore. The name is a diminutive meaning "Little Hat", and refers to the hat he wears, explained as being a '' pileus'' a felt hat of certain shapes. He famously haunted the castle of Bishop Bernard (Bernhardus), Prince-Bishopric of Hildesheim, Lower Saxony, and in some versions, inhabited Winzenburg, a county the spirit helped the bishopric to obtain. Although Hütchen did not initiate harm, he was murderously vindictive and dismembered a kitchen boy who had habitually of insulted him and poured kitchen filth upon him. When the cook (who hadn't controlled the misbehaving boy) griped, the sprite tainted the meat for the bishop with toad blood and venom; the cook remained unfazed, and got pushed down the heights into a ditch to die. There was a man who during his absence entrusted his wife jokingly to the Hütchen, and the sprite chased off all the men calling on the adulterous wife. He also helped an i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hinzelmann
Hinzelmann (orig. Hintzelmann; , also known as or ) was a kobold in the mythology of northern Germany. He was described as a household spirit of ambivalent nature, similar to Puck (folklore), Puck (Robin Goodfellow)., ''Boys' Own Story-book'' p. 84 compares Hinzelmann to a composite of Orthon and Robin Goodfellow, on p. 84, the latter is "alias Puck". The similar-sounding Heinzelmann (Heinzelmännchen) of Cologne is considered a distinct and separate being by modern scholars. Editions and background The legend was recorded in Pfarrer (pastor) Marquart Feldmann's diary for the years 1584–1589, and published by an anonymous author as ''Der vielförmige Hintzelmann'' in three duodecimo editions, 1701. ''sine loco''; 1704, Leipzig; and 1718. s.l. The castle where the haunting took place was used as shelter during the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) but thereafter abandoned by the Lords of Hudemühlen, and was so derelict by 1704 [1701] that the chamber where the Hintzelmann did h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Folklore
German folklore is the folk tradition which has developed in Germany over a number of centuries. Seeing as Germany was divided into numerous polities for most of its history, this term might both refer to the folklore of Germany proper and of all German-speaking countries, this wider definition including folklore of Austria and Liechtenstein as well as the German-speaking parts of Switzerland, Luxembourg, Belgium, and Italy. Characteristics It shares many characteristics with Nordic folklore and English folklore due to their origins in a common Germanic mythology. It reflects a similar mix of influences: a pre-Christian pantheon and other beings equivalent to those of Norse mythology; magical characters (sometimes recognizably pre-Christian) associated with Christian festivals, and various regional 'character' stories. As in Scandinavia, when belief in the old gods disappeared, remnants of the mythos persisted: There are: * Frau Holle or Perchta, a "supernatural" patron o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Household Spirit
A household deity is a deity or spirit that protects the home, looking after the entire household or certain key members. It has been a common belief in paganism as well as in folklore across many parts of the world. Household deities fit into two types; firstly, a specific deity typically a goddess often referred to as a hearth goddess or domestic goddess who is associated with the home and hearth, such as the ancient Greek Hestia. The second type of household deity is not one singular deity but a type or species of animism, animistic, which usually has lesser powers than major deities. This type was common in the religions of antiquity, such as the lares of Religion in ancient Rome, ancient Roman religion, the gashin of Korean shamanism, and cofgodas of Anglo-Saxon paganism. These survived Christianisation as fairy-like creatures existing in folklore, such as the Anglo-Scottish brownie (folklore), brownie and Slavic domovoy. Household deities were usually worshipped not in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Klabautermann
A Klabautermann () "hobgoblin"; or Kalfater ("caulker") is a water kobold that assists Frisian, German or Dutch sailors and fishermen on the North Sea in their duties. Dutch/Belgian tales of described them as cave dwellers in mountains, who may help out humans who put out offerings of bread and butter, sometimes out in the open, but other times at their millhouse or farmstead. Nomenclature The Klabautermann (also spelt ''Klaboterman'', ''Klabotermann'', ''Kalfatermann''), sometimes even referred to by the name "kobold" is a creature from the beliefs of fishermen and sailors of Germany's north coast, the Low Countries (Netherlands, etc.) in the North Sea and the Baltic countries as well. The Estonian counterpart are called or , borrowed from foreign speech. Etymology An etymology deriving the name from the verb ("to caulk") has been suggested by the linguist Friedrich Kluge, who considered "Klabautermann" merely to be a variant on "Kalfater" or "caulker" (attested by Temme). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanover
Hanover ( ; ; ) is the capital and largest city of the States of Germany, German state of Lower Saxony. Its population of 535,932 (2021) makes it the List of cities in Germany by population, 13th-largest city in Germany as well as the fourth-largest in northern Germany after Berlin, Hamburg and Bremen. Hanover's urban area comprises the towns of Garbsen, Langenhagen and Laatzen and has a population of about 791,000 (2018). The Hanover Region has approximately 1.16 million inhabitants (2019) and is the largest in the Hannover–Braunschweig–Göttingen–Wolfsburg Metropolitan Region, Hanover–Braunschweig–Göttingen–Wolfsburg Metropolitan Region, the List of EU metropolitan areas by GDP, 17th biggest metropolitan area by GDP in the European Union. Before it became the capital of Lower Saxony in 1946, Hanover was the capital of the Principality of Calenberg (1636–1692), the Electorate of Hanover (1692–1814), the Kingdom of Hanover (1814–1866), the Province of Hannove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hudemühlen Castle
Hodenhagen is a municipality in the district of Heidekreis, in Lower Saxony, Germany. The town was once the site of Hudemühlen Castle, which is now destroyed. The castle was famous as the home of the kobold Hinzelmann.Keightley, Thomas (1850). ''The Fairy Mythology, Illustrative of the Romance and Superstition of Various Countries''. London: H. G. Bohn, p. 240. The site of another medieval castle, Hodenhagen Castle on the River Meiße Meiße is a river of Lower Saxony, Germany that flows through part of the Lüneburg Heath. It is a right-hand tributary of the Aller (Germany), Aller. Origin and course The Meiße rises south of Wietzendorf in the nature reserve of Großes Mo ..., is also located nearby. Serengeti Park, an amusement park with a safari theme, is located within the municipality. References Heidekreis {{SoltauFallingbostel-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shapeshifter
In mythology, folklore and speculative fiction, shapeshifting is the ability to physically transform oneself through unnatural means. The idea of shapeshifting is found in the oldest forms of totemism and shamanism, as well as the oldest existent literature and epic poems such as the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' and the ''Iliad''. The concept remains a common literary device in modern fantasy, children's literature and popular culture. Examples of shapeshifters are vampires and werewolves. Folklore and mythology Popular shapeshifting creatures in folklore are werewolves and vampires (mostly of European, Canadian, and Native American/early American origin), ichchhadhari naag (shape-shifting cobra) of India, shapeshifting fox spirits of East Asia such as the huli jing of China, the obake of Japan, the Navajo skin-walkers, and gods, goddesses and demons and demonesses such as the Norse Loki or the Greek Proteus. Shapeshifting to the form of a wolf is specifically known as lycant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martin Luther
Martin Luther ( ; ; 10 November 1483 – 18 February 1546) was a German priest, Theology, theologian, author, hymnwriter, professor, and former Order of Saint Augustine, Augustinian friar. Luther was the seminal figure of the Reformation, Protestant Reformation, and his theological beliefs form the basis of Lutheranism. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in Western world, Western and History of Christianity, Christian history. Born in Eisleben, Luther was ordained to the Priesthood in the Catholic Church, priesthood in 1507. He came to reject several teachings and practices of the contemporary Catholic Church, Roman Catholic Church, in particular the view on indulgences and papal authority. Luther initiated an international debate on these in works like his ''Ninety-five Theses'', which he authored in 1517. In 1520, Pope Leo X demanded that Luther renounce all of his writings, and when Luther refused to do so, Excommunication in the Catholic Church, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
