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Isobutylamine
Isobutylamine is an organic chemical compound (specifically, an amine) with the formula (CH3)2CHCH2NH2, and occurs as a colorless liquid.Isobutylamine
Chemblink.com Isobutylamine is one of the four isomeric amines of , the others being ''n''-butylamine, ''sec''-butylamine and ''tert''-butylamine. It is the decarboxylated form of the
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Tert-Butylamine
''tert''-Butylamine (also erbumine and other names) is an organic chemical compound with the formula (CH3)3CNH2. It is a colorless liquid with a typical amine-like odor. ''tert''-Butylamine is one of the four isomeric amines of butane, the others being ''n''-butylamine, ''sec''-butylamine and isobutylamine. Preparation ''tert''-Butylamine is produced commercially by direct amination of isobutylene using zeolite catalysts: :NH3 + CH2=C(CH3)2 → H2NC(CH3)3 The Ritter reaction of isobutene with hydrogen cyanide is not useful because it produces too much waste. :(CH3)2C=CH2 + HCN + H2O → (CH3)3CNHCHO :(CH3)3CNHCHO + H2O → (CH3)3CNH2 + HCO2H In the laboratory, it can be prepared by the hydrogenolysis of 2,2-dimethylethylenimine, or via ''tert''-butylphthalimide. Uses ''tert''-Butylamine is used as an intermediate in the preparation of the sulfenamides such as ''N''-''tert''-butyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide and ''N''-''tert''-butyl-2-benzothiazylsulfeni ...
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N-Butylamine
''n''-Butylamine is an organic compound (specifically, an amine) with the formula CH3(CH2)3NH2. This colourless liquid is one of the four isomeric amines of butane, the others being ''sec''-butylamine, ''tert''-butylamine, and isobutylamine. It is a liquid having the fishy, ammonia-like odor common to amines. The liquid acquires a yellow color upon storage in air. It is soluble in all organic solvents. Its vapours are heavier than air and it produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Synthesis and reactions It is produced by the reaction of ammonia and alcohols over alumina: :CH3(CH2)3OH + NH3 → CH3(CH2)3NH2 + H2O ''n''-Butylamine is a weak base. The pKa of H3(CH2)3NH3sup>+ is 10.78. ''n''-Butylamine exhibits reactions typical of other simple alkyl amines, i.e., alkylation, acylation, condensation with carbonyls. It forms complexes with metal ions, examples being ''cis''- and ''trans''- tI2(NH2Bu)2 Uses This compound is used as an ingredient in the ma ...
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Sec-Butylamine
''sec''-Butylamine is an organic chemical compound (specifically, an amine) with the formula CH3CH2CH(NH2)CH3. It is a colorless liquid. ''sec''-Butylamine is one of the four isomeric amines of butane, the others being ''n''-butylamine, ''tert''-butylamine, and isobutylamine. ''sec''-Butylamine is chiral and therefore can exist in either of two enantiomer In chemistry, an enantiomer (Help:IPA/English, /ɪˈnænti.əmər, ɛ-, -oʊ-/ Help:Pronunciation respelling key, ''ih-NAN-tee-ə-mər''), also known as an optical isomer, antipode, or optical antipode, is one of a pair of molecular entities whi ...ic forms. ''sec''-Butylamine is used in the production of some pesticides. : 192 px, left, Bromacil, a commercial herbicide, is produced from ''sec''-butylamine.United States Environmental Protection Agency. "Bromacil". 1996, pp. 1–11. Accessed 9 October 2012 Safety The (rat) for primary alkylamines is 100 – 1 mg/kg. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Butylamine, se ...
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Tert-Butylamine
''tert''-Butylamine (also erbumine and other names) is an organic chemical compound with the formula (CH3)3CNH2. It is a colorless liquid with a typical amine-like odor. ''tert''-Butylamine is one of the four isomeric amines of butane, the others being ''n''-butylamine, ''sec''-butylamine and isobutylamine. Preparation ''tert''-Butylamine is produced commercially by direct amination of isobutylene using zeolite catalysts: :NH3 + CH2=C(CH3)2 → H2NC(CH3)3 The Ritter reaction of isobutene with hydrogen cyanide is not useful because it produces too much waste. :(CH3)2C=CH2 + HCN + H2O → (CH3)3CNHCHO :(CH3)3CNHCHO + H2O → (CH3)3CNH2 + HCO2H In the laboratory, it can be prepared by the hydrogenolysis of 2,2-dimethylethylenimine, or via ''tert''-butylphthalimide. Uses ''tert''-Butylamine is used as an intermediate in the preparation of the sulfenamides such as ''N''-''tert''-butyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide and ''N''-''tert''-butyl-2-benzothiazylsulfeni ...
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Sec-butylamine
''sec''-Butylamine is an organic chemical compound (specifically, an amine) with the formula CH3CH2CH(NH2)CH3. It is a colorless liquid. ''sec''-Butylamine is one of the four isomeric amines of butane, the others being ''n''-butylamine, ''tert''-butylamine, and isobutylamine. ''sec''-Butylamine is chiral and therefore can exist in either of two enantiomer In chemistry, an enantiomer (Help:IPA/English, /ɪˈnænti.əmər, ɛ-, -oʊ-/ Help:Pronunciation respelling key, ''ih-NAN-tee-ə-mər''), also known as an optical isomer, antipode, or optical antipode, is one of a pair of molecular entities whi ...ic forms. ''sec''-Butylamine is used in the production of some pesticides. : 192 px, left, Bromacil, a commercial herbicide, is produced from ''sec''-butylamine.United States Environmental Protection Agency. "Bromacil". 1996, pp. 1–11. Accessed 9 October 2012 Safety The (rat) for primary alkylamines is 100 – 1 mg/kg. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Butylamine, se ...
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Ethylamine
Ethylamine, also known as ethanamine, is an organic compound with the chemical formula, formula CH3CH2NH2. This colourless gas has a strong ammonia-like odor. It condenses just below room temperature to a liquid miscibility, miscible with virtually all solvents. It is a nucleophilic base (chemistry), base, as is typical for amines. Ethylamine is widely used in chemical industry and organic synthesis. It is a DEA list I chemical by 21 CFR § 1310.02. Synthesis Ethylamine is produced on a large scale by two processes. Most commonly ethanol and ammonia are combined in the presence of an oxide catalyst: :CH3CH2OH + NH3 → CH3CH2NH2 + H2O In this reaction, ethylamine is coproduced together with diethylamine and triethylamine. In aggregate, approximately 80M kilograms/year of these three amines are produced industrially.Karsten Eller, Erhard Henkes, Roland Rossbacher, Hartmut Höke, "Amines, Aliphatic" Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2005. ...
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TAAR3
Putative trace amine-associated receptor 3 (TAAR3) is a human pseudogene with the gene symbol ''TAAR3P''. Retrieved 28 November 2019 In other species such as mice, TAAR3 is a functional protein-coding gene that encodes a trace amine-associated receptor protein. Isobutylamine is a known ligand of TAAR3 in mice associated with sexual behaviour in male mice. Isopentylamine was identified as a ligand for murine TAAR3 eliciting aversive behavior. See also * Trace amine-associated receptor Trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs), sometimes referred to as trace amine receptors (TAs or TARs), are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that were discovered in 2001. TAAR1, the first of six functional human TAARs, has gained considerab ... References G protein-coupled receptors {{transmembranereceptor-stub ...
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Valine Decarboxylase
In enzymology, a valine decarboxylase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :L-valine \rightleftharpoons 2-methylpropanamine + CO2 Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, L-valine, and two products, 2-methylpropanamine and CO2. This enzyme belongs to the family of lyase In biochemistry, a lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking (an elimination reaction) of various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis (a substitution reaction) and oxidation Redox ( , , reduction–oxidation or oxidatio ...s, specifically the carboxy-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds. The List of enzymes, systematic name of this enzyme class is L-valine carboxy-lyase (2-methylpropanamine-forming). Other names in common use include leucine decarboxylase and L-valine carboxy-lyase. It employs one cofactor (biochemistry), cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate. References

* EC 4.1.1 Pyridoxal phosphate enzymes Enzymes of unknown structure {{4.1-enzyme-stub ...
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Valine
Valine (symbol Val or V) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α- amino group (which is in the protonated −NH3+ form under biological conditions), an α- carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated −COO− form under biological conditions), and a side chain isopropyl group, making it a non-polar aliphatic amino acid. Valine is essential in humans, meaning the body cannot synthesize it; it must be obtained from dietary sources which are foods that contain proteins, such as meats, dairy products, soy products, beans and legumes. It is encoded by all codons starting with GU (GUU, GUC, GUA, and GUG). History and etymology Valine was first isolated from casein in 1901 by Hermann Emil Fischer. The name valine comes from its structural similarity to valeric acid, which in turn is named after the plant valerian due to the presence of the acid in the roots of the plant. Nomenclature According to IUPAC, carbon atoms forming v ...
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Amino Acid
Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. Although over 500 amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the 22 α-amino acids incorporated into proteins. Only these 22 appear in the genetic code of life. Amino acids can be classified according to the locations of the core structural functional groups ( alpha- , beta- , gamma- amino acids, etc.); other categories relate to polarity, ionization, and side-chain group type ( aliphatic, acyclic, aromatic, polar, etc.). In the form of proteins, amino-acid '' residues'' form the second-largest component (water being the largest) of human muscles and other tissues. Beyond their role as residues in proteins, amino acids participate in a number of processes such as neurotransmitter transport and biosynthesis. It is thought that they played a key role in enabling life on Earth and its emergence. Amino acids are formally named by the IUPAC- IUBMB Joint Commi ...
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2-Methyl-2-nitrosopropane
2-Methyl-2-nitrosopropane (MNP or t-nitrosobutane) is the organic compound with the formula (CH3)3CNO. It is a blue liquid that is used in chemical research as a spin trap, i.e. it binds to radicals. Preparation and structure Many strong oxidants convert ''tert''-butylamine to the nitroso compound, but none do so in high yield. Consequently, ''t''-BuNO is prepared by the following "oscillatory redox" sequence: :(CH3)3CNH2 → (CH3)3CNO2 :(CH3)3CNO2 → (CH3)3CNHOH :(CH3)3CNHOH → (CH3)3CNO The freshly distilled compound is a blue volatile liquid. Like other nitroso compounds, it features a bent C-N=O linkage. Upon standing at room temperature, the blue liquid converts to the colourless solid that is the dimer (m.p. 74-75 °C). In solution, this dimer quickly reverts to the blue monomer. Reactions It can be used as a spin trap. This molecule traps unstable free radicals to form stable paramagnetic nitroxide radicals that can be detected and analyzed by electron spin res ...
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