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Hyloidea
Hyloidea is a superfamily of frogs.R.Alexander Pyron, John J.Wiens, 2011, ''A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians'' Hyloidea accounts for 54% of all living anuran species. The superfamily Hyloidea branched off from its closest relative, the Australobatrachia, during the mid-Cretaceous. The fossil evidence found during the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event could not determine the effects upon the frogs, due to the lack of fossils. Increased forestation erupted after this extinction, possibly leading to more arboreal adaptations of these anurans to be best suited for this habitat. Taxonomy Hyloidea contains the following subgroups: * Allophrynidae – Tukeit Hill frogs (3 species) * Alsodidae – (26 species) *Batrachylidae – (14 species) *Bufonidae – true toads and harlequin frogs (700 species) *Brachycephaloidea **Brachycephalidae – saddleback toads, flea toads an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cycloramphidae
The Cycloramphidae are a Family (taxonomy), family of frogs endemic to southeastern Brazil. This family has seen large changes in its composition. Genera that have at some point been included in the Cycloramphidae are at present placed in the Alsodidae, Hylodidae, Leptodactylidae, and Rhinodermatidae. Of these, the Alsodidae and/or Hylodidae have also been considered as subfamily, subfamilies of Cycloramphidae (as, respectively, Alsodinae and Hylodinae); the Cycloramphidae, as recognized at present, would be similar to subfamily Cycloramphinae under such system. Genera There are 36 species in three genera: * ''Cycloramphus'' Tschudi, 1838 * ''Thoropa'' Cope, 1865 * ''Zachaenus'' Cope, 1866 The AmphibiaWeb omits ''Zachaenus'' from this family, considering its placement within Hyloidea as uncertain. References Cycloramphidae, Amphibian families Endemic frogs of Brazil Taxa named by Charles Lucien Bonaparte {{Hyloidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhinodermatidae
Rhinodermatidae, also known as Darwin's frogs, mouth-breeding frogs or mouth-brooding frogs, is a small family of frogs found in temperate forests of southern Chile and adjacent Argentina. They are a unique and evolutionary significant group of frogs, being the most basal extant members of the widespread frog superfamily Hyloidea and having branched from the rest during the Late Cretaceous, just a few million years prior to the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event. The two genera, ''Rhinoderma'' and ''Insuetophrynus'', are thought to have diverged during the Paleocene. Despite their ancient origins, all three species in the family are now endangered due to habitat destruction, invasive species, and especially the spread of chytridomycosis in their native habitats, and one, the Chile Darwin's frog (''Rhinoderma rufum''), may already be extinct. Genera There are two genera recognised with three species: * '' Insuetophrynus'' Barrio, 1970 (monotypic In biology, a monotypic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australobatrachia
Australobatrachia ("southern frogs") is a clade of Frog, frogs in the suborder Neobatrachia. It comprises three Family (biology), families of frogs with a Gondwana, Gondwanan distribution, being known from Chile, Australia, and New Guinea. Together, they form the sister group to the superfamily Hyloidea. Taxonomy The common ancestor of all three families inhabited South America during the Early Cretaceous (about 125 million years ago). By about 100 million years ago, the ancestors of the Calyptocephalellidae diverged from the Myobatrachoidea, as the ancestral Myobatrachoidea moved south, colonizing the Australian continent via the Antarctic land bridge. The two families within Myobatrachoidea diverged from each other later in the Cretaceous or during the earliest Paleocene. Australobatrachia contains the following subgroups: * Calyptocephalellidae - Chilean toads (5 species) * Myobatrachoidea ** Limnodynastidae - Australian ground frogs (44 species) ** Myobatrachidae - Aust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dendrobatoidea
The Dendrobatoidea are a superfamily of frogs. This group is found in the Neotropics and has the largest diversity of alkaloids among all amphibians. These alkaloids show up in the skin by one of three ways: de novo biosynthesis, direct sequestration, or metabolic transformation.Gonzalez, M., & Carazzone, C. (2023). Eco-Metabolomics Applied to the Chemical Ecology of Poison Frogs (Dendrobatoidea). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 49(9–10), 570–598. Taxonomy Families: *Aromobatidae (Grant et al., 2006) *Dendrobatidae Poison dart frog (also known as dart-poison frog, poison frog or formerly known as poison arrow frog) is the common name of a group of frogs in the Family (biology), family Dendrobatidae which are native to tropical Central America, Central an ... (Cope, 1865) References Vertebrate superfamilies Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope {{Hyloidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caligophrynidae
''Caligophryne'' is a genus of frog in the superfamily Hyloidea, clade Brachycephaloidea. It contains the single species ''C. doylei'' and is the only member of the family Caligophrynidae. It is endemic to the highest parts of the Cerro de la Neblina tepui on the border of Brazil and Venezuela. Etymology The genus name is a combination of ''caligo'', the Latin word for mist, and ''phryne'', Greek for toad. The species name references famed British writer Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, who wrote '' The Lost World'', a novel that featured prehistoric creatures surviving on a South American plateau. Taxonomy ''Caligophryne'' was described in 2023 alongside '' Neblinaphryne'', another ancient frog genus thought to belong to its own family that is also endemic to the Neblina massif; both are the first frog taxa described simultaneously as a new species, genus, and family since the purple frog in 2003. Their persistence in the region supports the hypothesis of the tepuis serving as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceratophryidae
The Ceratophryidae, also known as common horned frogs, are a family of frogs found in South America. It is a relatively small family with three extant genera and 12 species. Despite the common name, not all species in the family have the horn-like projections at the eyes. They have a relatively large head with big mouth, and they are ambush predators able to consume large prey, including lizards, other frogs, and small mammals. They inhabit arid areas and are seasonal breeders, depositing many small eggs in aquatic habitats. Tadpoles are free-living and carnivorous (''Ceratophrys'' and '' Lepidobatrachus'') or grazers ('' Chacophrys''). Some species (especially from the genera ''Ceratophrys'' and ''Lepidobatrachus'') are popular in herpetoculture. The oldest fossils of the family are known from the Miocene epoch. The fossil giant frog '' Beelzebufo'' from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar was formerly considered to belong to this family, but is now excluded, but is possibly close ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyla Intermedia
The Italian tree frog (''Hyla intermedia'') is a species of frog in the family Hylidae, found in Italy, Slovenia, Switzerland, and possibly San Marino. Its natural habitats are temperate forests, rivers, intermittent rivers, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, arable land, and urban areas. It is threatened by habitat loss. Description The Italian tree frog is very similar in colouring to the European tree frog of which it was previously believed to be a subspecies.Duellman, William E. ''Grzimek's Animal Encyclopedia''. 2nd Ed., Vol. 2. Gale, 2003, p. 235. It grows to a length of and females are usually larger than males. The skin on the dorsal surface is smooth and bright green. The ventral surface is whitish and clearly demarcated from the dorsal surface by a beige line. A black stripe extends from the eye to the armpit. The female has a white throat while the male has a golden brown one with an inflatable vocal sac. The hind legs are longer than the forelegs an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strabomantidae
The Strabomantidae, sometimes called cloud forest landfrogs, are a family of frogs native to South America. These frogs lack a free-living larval stage and hatch directly into miniature "froglets". This family includes '' Pristimantis'', the most speciose genus of any vertebrate. Based on molecular dating, the Holoadeninae in particular appears to have originated in the Eocene. The Oligocene-Miocene transition was also found to be important to their biogeographical history. However, the lack of Holoadeninae fossils and limited nucleotide Nucleotides are Organic compound, organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate. They serve as monomeric units of the nucleic acid polymers – deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), both o ... data ambiguates the results, by the authors' admission. Systematics The following subfamilies and genera are in the family Strabomantidae. *Holoadeninae **'' Bahius'' Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Odontophrynidae
The Odontophrynidae are a family of frogs from southern and eastern South America. This family was first established in 1969 as the tribe Odontophrynini within the (then) very large family Leptodactylidae. Molecular phylogenetics analyses prompted the move of this group to the Cycloramphidae The Cycloramphidae are a Family (taxonomy), family of frogs endemic to southeastern Brazil. This family has seen large changes in its composition. Genera that have at some point been included in the Cycloramphidae are at present placed in the Als ... in 2006, before they became recognized as their own family Odontophrynidae in 2011. Genera The genera with 52 species are: * '' Macrogenioglottus'' Carvalho, 1946 (one species) * '' Odontophrynus'' Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862 (11 species) * '' Proceratophrys'' Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (40 species) References {{hyloidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leptodactylidae
The southern frogs form the Leptodactylidae, a name that comes from Greek meaning a bird or other animal having slender toes. They are a diverse family of frogs that most likely diverged from other hyloids during the Cretaceous. The family has undergone major taxonomic revisions in recent years, including the reclassification of the former subfamily Eleutherodactylinae into its own family the Eleutherodactylidae; the Leptodactylidae now number 206 species in 13 genera distributed throughout Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central and South America. The family includes terrestrial, burrowing, aquatic, and arboreal members, inhabiting a wide range of habitats. Several of the genera within the Leptodactylidae lay their eggs in foam nests. These can be in crevices, on the surface of water, or on forest floors. These foam nests are some of the most varied among frogs. When eggs hatch in nests on the forest floor, the tadpoles remain within the nest, without eating, until metamorphosis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hylodidae
Hylodidae, commonly known as giant Neotropical torrent frogs, is a Family (biology), family of frogs native to Brazil and northern Argentina. Phylogenetic evidence suggests the Hylodidae being the sister group to the Alsodidae. ''Megaelosia, Megaelosia goeldii'' is one species that lost the ability to produce vocalizations which in turn is denoted as mute. Through observation of aggressive interactions, it was found that the species' vocal sacs are used for one form of its visual signaling and communication. Diversity The family contains 48 species in four genera: * ''Crossodactylus'' André Marie Constant Duméril, A.M.C. Duméril & Gabriel Bibron, Bibron, 1841 (13 species) * ''Hylodes'' Leopold Fitzinger, Fitzinger, 1826 (26 species) * ''Megaelosia'' Alípio de Miranda-Ribeiro, Miranda-Ribeiro, 1923 (one species) * ''Phantasmarana'' Vittorazzi, Augusto-Alves, Neves-da-Silva, species:Ana Maria Paulino Telles de Carvalho e Silva, Carvalho-e-Silva, species:Shirlei Maria Recco-Pi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hylidae
Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as " tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic. Taxonomy and systematics The earliest known fossils that can be assigned to this family are from the Cretaceous of India and the state of Wyoming in the United States. The common name of "tree frog" is a popular name for several species of the family Hylidae. However, the name "treefrog" is not unique to this family, also being used for many species in the family Rhacophoridae. The following genera are recognised in the family Hylidae: * Subfamily Hylinae ** Tribe Cophomantini *** '' Aplastodiscus'' – canebrake treefrogs *** '' Boana'' – gladiator treefrogs *** '' Bokermannohyla'' *** '' Hyloscirtus'' *** '' Myersiohyla'' *** '' Nesorohyla'' *** '' "Hyla" nicefori'' ** Tribe Dendropsophini ***'' Dendropsophus'' *** ''Xenohyla ** Tribe Hy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
