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Holometabola
Holometabola (from Ancient Greek "complete" + "change"), also known as Endopterygota (from "inner" + "wing" + Neo-Latin "-having"), is a supra-order (biology), ordinal clade of insects within the infraclass Neoptera that go through distinctive larval, pupal, and adult stages. They undergo a radical Metamorphosis (biology), metamorphosis, with the larval and adult stages differing considerably in their structure and behaviour. This is called holometabolism, or complete metamorphism. Evolution The Holometabola constitute the most diverse insect superorder, with over 1 million living species divided between 11 Order (biology), orders, containing insects such as butterfly, butterflies, fly, flies, fleas, bees, ants, and beetles. The earliest holometabolan fossils date from the Carboniferous. The Holometabola are sometimes divided into three assemblages: Neuropterida (Neuroptera, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Strepsiptera and Coleoptera), Hymenopteroida (Hymenoptera), and Panorpi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymenopterida
Hymenopterida is a superorder of holometabolous (metamorphosing) insects. As originally circumscribed, it included Hymenoptera and the orders in Panorpida (Mecoptera, Siphonaptera, Diptera, Trichoptera and Lepidoptera).Weaver J.S.IThe Evolution And Classification Of Trichoptera, With A Revision Of The Lepidostomatidae And A North American Synopsis Of This Family.Degree: Ph.D. Degree Year: 1983 Institute: Clemson University However, more recent studies find Hymenoptera as sister to the other members of Holometabola and the superorder is restricted to Hymenoptera. Evolution The following phylogenetic tree shows the internal relationships of the superorder as a clade of Hymenoptera but more recent molecular analyses find a different arrangement within Holometabola Holometabola (from Ancient Greek "complete" + "change"), also known as Endopterygota (from "inner" + "wing" + Neo-Latin "-having"), is a supra-order (biology), ordinal clade of insects within the infraclass Neo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holometabolism
Holometabolism, also called complete metamorphosis (biology), metamorphosis, is a form of insect development which includes four life stages: egg (biology), egg, larva, pupa, and imago (or adult). Holometabolism is a synapomorphy, synapomorphic trait of all insects in the clade Holometabola. Immature stages of holometabolous insects are very different from the mature stage. In some species the holometabolous life cycle prevents larvae from competing with adults because they inhabit different ecological niches. The morphology and behavior of each stage are adapted for different activities. For example, larval traits maximize feeding, growth, and development, while adult traits enable dispersal, mating, and egg laying. Some species of holometabolous insects protect and feed their offspring. Other insect developmental strategies include ametabolism and hemimetabolism. Developmental stages There are four general developmental stages, each with its own morphology and function. Egg The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymenopteroida
Hymenopterida is a superorder of holometabolous (metamorphosing) insects. As originally circumscribed, it included Hymenoptera and the orders in Panorpida (Mecoptera, Siphonaptera, Diptera, Trichoptera and Lepidoptera).Weaver J.S.IThe Evolution And Classification Of Trichoptera, With A Revision Of The Lepidostomatidae And A North American Synopsis Of This Family.Degree: Ph.D. Degree Year: 1983 Institute: Clemson University However, more recent studies find Hymenoptera as sister to the other members of Holometabola and the superorder is restricted to Hymenoptera. Evolution The following phylogenetic tree shows the internal relationships of the superorder as a clade of Hymenoptera but more recent molecular analyses find a different arrangement within Holometabola Holometabola (from Ancient Greek "complete" + "change"), also known as Endopterygota (from "inner" + "wing" + Neo-Latin "-having"), is a supra-order (biology), ordinal clade of insects within the infraclass Neopte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuropteroidea
Aparaglossata is a clade of insects comprising all modern holometabolous insects except for Hymenoptera. The clade is named for one of its most recognizable synapomorphies (shared distinguishing feature); the absence of paraglossae. The clade is also characterized by a modification of the ovipositor and a reduction in number of Malpighian tubules. The larval groundplan of Aparaglossata was prognathous, had well-developed stemmata, and an H-shaped tentorium The tentorium (plural tentoria) is a term used to refer to the framework of internal supports within an arthropod head. The tentorium is formed by ingrowths of the exoskeleton, called apodeme An exoskeleton () . is a skeleton that is on the ex .... Phylogeny Phylogeny of Aparaglossata: References Insect taxa Holometabola Protostome unranked clades {{insect-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuropterida
The Neuropterida are a clade of holometabolous insects, sometimes placed at the superorder level. The clade contains the orders Neuroptera (lacewings, antlions), Megaloptera (alderflies, dobsonflies), and Raphidioptera (snakeflies), and includes over 5,700 described species. Historically, the name Neuroptera referred to this entire group, but it now refers only to lacewings and their relatives (antlions), which were formerly known as Planipennia. As part of the Holometabola and related to beetles, they can be considered an unranked taxon. Arguably, the Holometabola might instead be considered an unranked clade, and divided into numerous superorders to signify the close relationships of certain holometabolan groups.Haaramo, Mikko (2008): Mikko's Phylogeny ArchiveNeuropterida Version of 11 March 2008. Retrieved 5 May 2008. Some authors formerly included the Mecoptera (scorpionflies) in Neuropterida, but they actually belong to the Mecopteroidea (or Antliophora), the holometabolan c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neoptera
Neoptera (Ancient Greek ''néos'' ("new") + ''pterón'' ("wing")) is a classification group that includes most orders of the winged insects, specifically those that can flex their wings over their abdomens. This is in contrast with the more basal orders of winged insects (the " Palaeoptera" assemblage), which are unable to flex their wings in this way. Classification The taxon Neoptera was proposed by А.М. Martynov in 1923 and 1924, in the following classification: Pterygota *division Palaeoptera **order Odonata **order Agnatha (correct name: Ephemeroptera) **†order Dictyoneuridea **†order Megasecoptera **†order Meganisoptera **†order Protephemeroidea *division Neoptera **superorder Endopterygota ***order Coleoptera ***order Strepsiptera ***order Neuroptera ***order Raphidioptera ***order Megaloptera ***order Diptera ***order Mecoptera ***order Trichoptera ***order Lepidoptera ***order Hymenoptera **subdivision Polyneoptera ***superorder Orthopteroid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insect
Insects (from Latin ') are Hexapoda, hexapod invertebrates of the class (biology), class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (Insect morphology#Head, head, Thorax (insect anatomy), thorax and abdomen (insect anatomy), abdomen), three pairs of jointed Arthropod leg, legs, compound eyes, and a pair of antenna (biology), antennae. Insects are the most diverse group of animals, with more than a million described species; they represent more than half of all animal species. The insect nervous system consists of a insect brain, brain and a ventral nerve cord. Most insects reproduce Oviparous, by laying eggs. Insects Respiratory system of insects, breathe air through a system of Spiracle (arthropods), paired openings along their sides, connected to Trachea#Invertebrates, small tubes that take air directly to the tissues. The blood therefore does not carry oxygen; it is only partly contained in ves ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panorpida
Panorpida or Mecopterida is a Superorder of Holometabola. The conjectured monophyly of the Panorpida is historically based on morphological evidence, namely the reduction or loss of the ovipositor and several internal characteristics, including a muscle connecting a pleuron and the first axillary sclerite at the base of the wing, various features of the larval maxilla and labium, and basal fusion of CuP and A1 veins in the hind wings. The monophyly of the Panorpida is supported by recent molecular data. Antliophora The Panorpid clade Antliophora contains one of the major phylogenetic puzzles among the Insecta. It is unclear as of 2020 whether the Mecoptera (scorpionflies and allies) form a single clade, or whether the Siphonaptera (fleas) are inside that clade, so that the traditional "Mecoptera" is paraphyletic. However the earlier suggestion that the Siphonaptera are sister to the Boreidae Boreidae, commonly called snow scorpionflies, or in the British Isles, snow fle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aparaglossata
Aparaglossata is a clade of insects comprising all modern holometabolous insects except for Hymenoptera. The clade is named for one of its most recognizable synapomorphies (shared distinguishing feature); the absence of paraglossae. The clade is also characterized by a modification of the ovipositor and a reduction in number of Malpighian tubules. The larval groundplan of Aparaglossata was prognathous, had well-developed stemmata, and an H-shaped tentorium The tentorium (plural tentoria) is a term used to refer to the framework of internal supports within an arthropod head. The tentorium is formed by ingrowths of the exoskeleton, called apodeme An exoskeleton () . is a skeleton that is on the ex .... Phylogeny Phylogeny of Aparaglossata: References Insect taxa Holometabola Protostome unranked clades {{insect-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymenoptera
Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. Many of the species are parasitic. Females typically have a special ovipositor for inserting eggs into hosts or places that are otherwise inaccessible. This ovipositor is often modified into a stinger. The young develop through holometabolism (complete metamorphosis)—that is, they have a wormlike larval stage and an inactive pupal stage before they reach adulthood. Etymology The name Hymenoptera refers to the wings of the insects, but the original derivation is ambiguous. All references agree that the derivation involves the Ancient Greek πτερόν (''pteron'') for wing. The Ancient Greek ὑμήν (''hymen'') for membrane provides a plausible etymology for the term because species in this order have membranous wings. However, a key characteristic of this order is that the hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beetle
Beetles are insects that form the Taxonomic rank, order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Holometabola. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 400,000 described species, is the largest of all orders, constituting almost 40% of described arthropods and 25% of all known animal species; new species are discovered frequently, with estimates suggesting that there are between 0.9 and 2.1 million total species. However, the number of beetle species is challenged by the number of species in Fly, dipterans (flies) and hymenopterans (wasps). Found in almost every habitat except the sea and the polar regions, they interact with their ecosystems in several ways: beetles often feed on plants and fungi, break down animal and plant debris, and eat other invertebrates. Some species are serious agricultural pests, such as the Colorado potato beetle, while others such as Coccinellidae (ladybirds or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scorpionfly
Mecoptera (from the Greek language, Greek: ''mecos'' = "long", ''ptera'' = "wings") is an Order (biology), order of insects in the superorder Holometabola with about six hundred species in nine Family (biology), families worldwide. Mecopterans are sometimes called scorpionflies after their largest family, Panorpidae, in which the males have enlarged genitals raised over the body that look similar to the stingers of scorpions, and long beaklike Rostrum (anatomy), rostra. The Bittacidae, or hangingflies, are another prominent family and are known for their elaborate mating rituals, in which females choose mates based on the quality of gift prey offered to them by the males. A smaller group is the snow scorpionflies, family Boreidae, adults of which are sometimes seen walking on snowfields. In contrast, the majority of species in the order inhabit moist environments in tropical locations. The Mecoptera are closely related to the Siphonaptera (fleas), and a little more distantly to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
