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Hip Hop Feminism
Hip hop feminism is a sub-set of black feminism that centers on intersectional subject positions involving race and gender in a way that acknowledges the contradictions in being a black feminist, such as black women's enjoyment in hip hop music and culture, rather than simply focusing on the victimization of black women in hip hop culture due to interlocking systems of oppressions involving race, class, and gender. The term was coined by the American author Joan Morgan in her book ''When Chickenheads Come Home to Roost: A Hip Hop Feminist Breaks it Down'' for black women who grew up in the post- Civil Rights Movement and feminist movement era of the 1960s and 1970s. Morgan explains that a hip-hop feminist is a self-defined name for black feminists that acknowledges black women's lived experiences as they identify with and enjoy hip-hop culture along with supporting feminist issues and agendas where black women are marginalized by the mainstream feminist movement because of their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Feminism
Black feminism is a branch of feminism that focuses on the African-American woman's experiences and recognizes the intersectionality of racism and sexism. Black feminism philosophy centers on the idea that "Black women are inherently valuable, that liberation is a necessity not as an adjunct to somebody else's but because of our need as human persons for autonomy." According to Black feminism, race, gender, and class discrimination are all aspects of the same system of hierarchy, which bell hooks calls the "imperialist white supremacist, capitalist patriarchy"; due to their inter-dependency, they combine to create something more than experiencing racism and sexism independently. The experience of being a Black woman, according to the theory, cannot then be grasped in terms of being Black or of being a woman but must be illuminated via intersectionality, a term coined by legal scholar Kimberlé Crenshaw in 1989. This idea corresponds with Deborah K. King's idea of "multi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uptown Records
Uptown Records is an American record label, based in New York City, founded in 1986 by old school rapper ‘Dr Jekyll’ - Andre Harrell. From the late 1980s into the early 1990s, it was a leader in R&B and hip-hop. Beginnings and success In 1986, Andre Harrell, one half of short-lived rap duo Dr. Jeckyll and Mr. Hyde, founded Uptown Records. Its compilation album, ''Uptown Is Kickin' It'' (1986) included the label's signees Heavy D & The Boyz and was distributed by MCA Records. The acts who recorded on the album were collectively known as The Uptown Crew. The Heavy D & The Boyz' debut album, '' Living Large'' (1987) was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America and found moderate mainstream success. Another artist that put Uptown on the map was Al B. Sure!, whose debut album, '' In Effect Mode'' (1988), saw commercial success and distribution from Warner Records. 1988 also saw two further successful releases from the label: the Gyrlz' debut album, '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Identity Formation
Identity formation, also called identity development or identity construction, is a complex process in which humans develop a clear and unique view of themselves and of their identity. Self-concept, personality development, and values are all closely related to identity formation. Individuation is also a critical part of identity formation. Continuity and inner unity are healthy identity formation, while a disruption in either could be viewed and labeled as abnormal development; certain situations, like childhood trauma, can contribute to abnormal development. Specific factors also play a role in identity formation, such as race, ethnicity, and spirituality. The concept of personal continuity, or personal identity, refers to an individual posing questions about themselves that challenge their original perception, like "Who am I?" The process defines individuals to others and themselves. Various factors make up a person's actual identity, including a sense of continuity, a sen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Femininity
Femininity (also called womanliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and Gender roles, roles generally associated with women and girls. Femininity can be understood as Social construction of gender, socially constructed, and there is also some evidence that some behaviors considered feminine are influenced by both cultural factors and biological factors. To what extent femininity is biologically or socially influenced is subject to debate. It is Sex and gender distinction, conceptually distinct from both the Female, female biological sex and from womanhood, as all humans can exhibit feminine and masculine traits, regardless of sex and gender. Traits traditionally cited as feminine include gracefulness, gentleness, empathy, humility, and Sensitivity (human), sensitivity, though traits associated with femininity vary across societies and individuals, and are influenced by a variety of social and cultural factors. Overview and history Despite the terms ''femininity'' and '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicki Minaj
Onika Tanya Maraj-Petty (born December 8, 1982), known professionally as Nicki Minaj ( ), is a Trinidadian rapper, singer, and songwriter. Regarded as the "Queen of Rap" and one of the most influential rappers of all time, she is noted for her dynamic Flow (rapping), rap flow, witty lyrics, musical versatility, and alter egos, and is credited as a driving force in the mainstream resurgence of female rap since the 2010s. Minaj began rapping professionally in the early 2000s and gained recognition with her Nicki Minaj discography#Mixtapes, three mixtapes between 2007 and 2009. Her debut studio album, ''Pink Friday'' (2010), topped the US Billboard 200, ''Billboard'' 200 and achieved the largest female rap album sales week of the 21st century, spawning the global hit single "Super Bass". Minaj explored dance-pop on her second US number-one album, ''Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded'' (2012), which produced the top-five single, "Starships (song), Starships". She returned to her Hip hop m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Performativity
Performativity is the concept that language can function as a form of social action and have the effect of change. The concept has multiple applications in diverse fields such as anthropology, social and cultural geography, economics, gender studies ( social construction of gender), law, linguistics, performance studies, history, management studies and philosophy. The concept is first described by philosopher of language John L. Austin when he referred to a specific capacity: the capacity of speech and communication to act or to consummate an action. Austin differentiated this from constative language, which he defined as descriptive language that can be "evaluated as true or false". Common examples of performative language are making promises, betting, performing a wedding ceremony, an umpire calling a foul, or a judge pronouncing a verdict. The concept of performance has been developed by such scholars as Richard Schechner, Victor Turner, Clifford Geertz, Erving Goff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Misogynoir
''Misogynoir'' is a term referring to the combined force of anti-black racism and misogyny directed towards black women. The term was coined by black feminist writer Moya Bailey in 2008 to address misogyny directed toward black Trans woman, transgender and cisgender women in American Visual culture, visual and popular culture. The concept of misogynoir is grounded in the theory of intersectionality, which analyzes how various social identities such as Race (classification of humans), race, gender, Social class, class, age, ability, and sexual orientation interrelate in systems of oppression. Development of concept Bailey coined the term "misogynoir" while she was a graduate student at Emory University to discuss anti-Black Misogyny in rap music, misogyny toward black women in hip-hop music. It combines the terms "misogyny," the hatred of women, and "noir," the French word for "black," to denote what Bailey describes as the unique form of anti-black misogyny faced by black women, pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heteronormativity
Heteronormativity is the definition of heterosexuality as the normative human sexuality. It assumes the gender binary (i.e., that there are only two distinct, opposite genders) and that sexual and marital relations are most fitting between people of the opposite sex. Heteronormativity creates and upholds a social hierarchy based on sexual orientation with the practice and belief that heterosexuality is deemed as the societal norm. A heteronormative view, therefore, involves alignment of biological sex, sexuality, gender identity and gender roles. Heteronormativity has been linked to heterosexism and homophobia, and the effects of societal heteronormativity on lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals have been described as heterosexual or "straight" privilege. Etymology Michael Warner popularized the term in 1991, in one of the first major works of queer theory. The concept's roots are in Gayle Rubin's notion of the "sex/gender system" and Adrienne Rich's notion of compul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patriarchy
Patriarchy is a social system in which positions of authority are primarily held by men. The term ''patriarchy'' is used both in anthropology to describe a family or clan controlled by the father or eldest male or group of males, and in feminist theory to describe a broader social structure in which men as a group dominance hierarchy, dominate society. Sociobiologists compare human gender roles to sexed behavior in other primates and argue that gender inequality originates from genetic and reproductive differences between men and women. Patriarchal ideology explains and rationalizes patriarchy by attributing gender inequality to inherent Gender essentialism, natural differences between men and women, divine commandment, or other fixed structures. Social constructionists sociologists tend to disagree with biological explanations of patriarchy and contend that socialization processes are primarily responsible for establishing gender roles, they further argue that gender roles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rihanna
Robyn Rihanna Fenty ( ; born February 20, 1988) is a Barbadian singer, businesswoman, and actress. One of the List of music artists by net worth, wealthiest musicians in the world, List of awards and nominations received by Rihanna, her various accolades include nine Grammy Awards, twelve Billboard Music Award, ''Billboard'' Music Awards, and thirteen American Music Awards. Rihanna is one of the List of best-selling music artists, best-selling recording artists of all time, with sales estimated at 250 million units globally. Rihanna signed with Def Jam Recordings in 2005 and found mainstream recognition following the release of her first two studio albums, ''Music of the Sun'' (2005) and ''A Girl like Me (Rihanna album), A Girl Like Me'' (2006). Both influenced by Caribbean music, the albums peaked within the top ten on the US Billboard 200, ''Billboard'' 200 chart, with the latter spawning the US Billboard Hot 100, ''Billboard'' Hot 100-number one single "SOS (Rihanna song), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feminist Media Studies
''Feminist Media Studies'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering media and communication studies from a feminist perspective. Established in March 2001, United Kingdom publisher Routledge publishes eight issues a year. This journal advocates for original submissions based on the social experiences of society and the intersectionality of feminism. The editors-in-chief are Cynthia Carter (Cardiff University) and Isabel Molina-Guzmán (University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign). The editorial board consists of authors and researchers from institutions around the world, including universities in the United States, the United Kingdom, the Middle East, and other universities around Asia. This academic journal provides a forum for researchers with feminist approaches to the field of communication studies. The journal has over 400,000 downloads and views each year, and invites contributions from all fields, whether related to communications or not. Any article submitted to this jou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Miseducation Of Lauryn Hill
''The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill'' is the debut solo studio album by American rapper and singer Lauryn Hill. It was released on August 19, 1998, by Ruffhouse Records and Columbia Records. Recorded after the Fugees embarked on a hiatus, the album was almost entirely written and produced by Hill. It is a concept album about educating oneself on love, with lyrical themes encompassing relationship complexities, interpersonal conflicts, motherhood, and faith. Predominantly a neo soul and R&B record, it incorporates genres such as hip-hop, reggae, and soul, and features guest appearances from Carlos Santana, Mary J. Blige, and D'Angelo. After touring with the Fugees, Hill became involved in a romantic relationship with Jamaican entrepreneur Rohan Marley, and shortly after, became pregnant with their first child. The pregnancy, as well as other circumstances in her life, inspired Hill to create a solo album. Recording sessions for ''The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill'' took place fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
