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High-functioning Autistic
High-functioning autism (HFA) was historically an autism classification to describe a person who exhibited no intellectual disability but otherwise showed autistic traits, such as difficulty in social interaction and communication. The term was often applied to verbal autistic people of at least average intelligence. However, many in medical and autistic communities have called to stop using the term, finding it simplistic and unindicative of the difficulties some autistic people face. HFA has never been included in either the American Psychiatric Association's ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'' (DSM) or the World Health Organization's ''International Classification of Diseases'' (ICD), the two major classification and diagnostic guidelines for psychiatric conditions. The DSM-5-TR subtypes autism into three levels based on support needs. Autism Level 1 has the least support needs and corresponds most closely with the "high-functioning" identifier. Charact ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Grunya Sukhareva
Grunya Efimovna Sukhareva (, , alternative transliteration Suchareva) (11 November 1891 – 26 April 1981) was a Soviet child psychiatrist and the first psychiatrist to identify and pathologize autism. Biography Grunya Efimovna Sukhareva was born to parents Chaim Faitelevich and Rakhila Iosifovna Sukhareva on November 11th, 1891 in Kyiv, Russian Empire. She studied medicine at the Kyiv Medical Institute, and in 1915, earned her medical degree. She then began working at the institute's epidemiological unit until 1917, when she started working as a licensed psychiatrist at the Kyiv Psychiatric Hospital until 1921. She served as Head of the Defectology Department at the Institute of Mental Health of Children and Adolescents from 1919 until her departure in 1921. In 1921, Sukhareva moved to Moscow, where she was employed at the Psychoneurological Department for Children. It was here that Sukhareva founded a school — the first of many that she would found throughout her career — a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |