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Haramiyida
Haramiyida ("thief" from Arabic الحرامية (al ḥarāmiyah), "thief, bandit") is a possibly polyphyletic order of mammaliaform cynodonts or mammals of controversial taxonomic affinites. Their teeth, which are by far the most common remains, resemble those of the multituberculates. However, based on '' Haramiyavia'', the jaw is less derived; and at the level of evolution of earlier basal mammals like ''Morganucodon'' and ''Kuehneotherium'', with a groove for ear ossicles on the dentary. If they are early multituberculates, they would be the longest lived mammalian clade of all time. However, a more recent study in November 2015 may dispute this and suggested the Haramiyida were not crown mammals, but were part of an earlier offshoot of mammaliaformes instead. It is also disputed whether the Late Triassic species are closely related to the Jurassic and Cretaceous members belonging to Euharamiyida/Eleutherodontida, as some phylogenetic studies recover the two groups as unrela ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euharamiyida
Euharamiyida also known as Eleutherodontida, is clade of early mammals or mammal-like cynodonts from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Eurasia and possibly North America. The group is sometimes considered a sister group to Multituberculata, or part of an earlier divergence within the synapsid line. It is disputed whether or not they are related to the Haramiyids from the Late Triassic, such as '' Haramiyavia''. The morphology of their teeth indicates that they were herbivorous or omnivorous. Some members of the group are known to be arboreal, including gliding forms similar to modern flying squirrels or colugos. Evolution The position of euharamyidans is contested. They are either considered crown group mammals as members of Allotheria, related to multituberculates, or they are considered to stem-group mammals within the Mammaliaformes. The position is often dependent on the relationships of euharamiyids to the Late Triassic haramiyids such as '' Haramiyavia'' and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cifelliodon
''Cifelliodon'' is an extinct genus of mammaliaforms from the Lower Cretaceous of North America. In the describing paper, it was considered one of the latest surviving haramiyids yet known, belonging to the family Hahnodontidae. Its discovery led to the proposal to remove hahnodontids from the larger well-known group, the multituberculates. However, later papers have considered it to be a basal allotherian outside of Haramiyida. The sole species in the genus, ''Cifelliodon wahkarmoosuch'', was found in the geological rock unit called the Yellow Cat Member, part of the Cedar Mountain Formation in Grand County, Utah. This rock unit dates to between 139-124 million years old. It was found alongside the remains of several dinosaurs - a large iguanodontian, a dromaeosaur, and an ornithopod - and parts of a crocodyliform. Etymology The genus name, ''Cifelliodon'', means Cifelli's tooth, and honours the well-known mammal palaeontologist, Richard Cifelli. The species name, '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multituberculate
Multituberculata (commonly known as multituberculates, named for the multiple tubercles of their teeth) is an extinct order of rodent-like mammals with a fossil record spanning over 130 million years. They first appeared in the Middle Jurassic, and reached a peak diversity during the Late Cretaceous and Paleocene. They eventually declined from the mid Paleocene onwards, disappearing from the known fossil record in the late Eocene. They are the most diverse order of Mesozoic mammals with more than 200 species known, ranging from mouse-sized to beaver-sized. These species occupied a diversity of ecological niches, ranging from burrow-dwelling to squirrel-like arborealism to jerboa-like hoppers. Multituberculates are usually placed as crown mammals outside either of the two main groups of living mammals—Theria, including placentals and marsupials, and MonotremataAgustí-Antón 2002, pp 3-4—but usually as closer to Theria than to monotremes. They are considered to be clos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gondwanatheria
Gondwanatheria is an extinct group of mammaliaforms that lived in parts of Gondwana, including Madagascar, India, South America, Africa and Antarctica during the Upper Cretaceous through the Paleogene (and possibly much earlier, if '' Allostaffia'' is a member of this group). Until recently, they were known only from isolated teeth, a few lower jaws, two partial skulls and one complete cranium. They are generally considered to be closely related to the multituberculates and likely the euharamiyidians, well known from the Northern Hemisphere, with which they form the clade Allotheria. Classification For several decades the affinities of the group were not clear, being first interpreted as early xenarthrans, or "toothless" mammals similar to the modern anteater. A variety of studies have placed them as allotheres related to multituberculates, possibly even true multituberculates, closer to cimolodonts than " plagiaulacidans" are. However, a more recent study recovered th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalaallitkigun
''Kalaallitkigun'' is an extinct genus of haramiyidan mammaliaforms from the Late Triassic of Greenland. It contains a single species, ''Kalaallitkigun jenkinsi'', which was described in 2020 from remains found in the Fleming Fjord Formation. Description The holotype and only known specimen consists of a partial dentary preserving a premolar and a molar. The molar is intermediate in shape between the triconodont pattern seen in taxa such as ''Morganucodon'' and the two-rowed pattern found in the more derived euharamiyida Euharamiyida also known as Eleutherodontida, is clade of early mammals or mammal-like cynodonts from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Eurasia and possibly North America. The group is sometimes considered a sister group to Multitubercu ...ns. References Haramiyida Prehistoric cynodont genera Norian life Late Triassic synapsids Triassic synapsids of North America Triassic Greenland Fossils of Greenland Fossil taxa described in 2020 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theroteinus
''Theroteinus'' is an extinct genus of haramiyidan mammaliaforms from the Late Triassic of France and Britain. It contains three species: ''T. nikolai,'' ''T. rosieriensis'' and ''T. jenkinsi'', the former two of which are known exclusively from teeth found at the sand quarry of Saint-Nicolas-de-Port, while ''T. jenkinsi'' is known from a bedded sequence belonging to the Westbury Formation in a road cutting near Holwell, Dorset Holwell is a village and civil parish in the county of Dorset in southern England, situated approximately south-east of Sherborne. It is sited on Oxford clay in the Blackmore Vale. Its name derives from the Old English ''hol'' and ''walu'' .... ''Theroteinus'' is the only member of the family Theroteinidae and the suborder Theroteinida. References Haramiyida Prehistoric cynodont genera Late Triassic synapsids of Europe Triassic England Triassic France Fossil taxa described in 1986 Taxa named by Denise Sigogneau‐Russell {{Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theroteinida
''Theroteinus'' is an extinct genus of haramiyidan mammaliaforms from the Late Triassic of France and Britain. It contains three species: ''T. nikolai,'' ''T. rosieriensis'' and ''T. jenkinsi'', the former two of which are known exclusively from teeth found at the sand quarry of Saint-Nicolas-de-Port, while ''T. jenkinsi'' is known from a bedded sequence belonging to the Westbury Formation in a road cutting near Holwell, Dorset Holwell is a village and civil parish in the county of Dorset in southern England, situated approximately south-east of Sherborne. It is sited on Oxford clay in the Blackmore Vale. Its name derives from the Old English ''hol'' and ''walu'' .... ''Theroteinus'' is the only member of the family Theroteinidae and the suborder Theroteinida. References Haramiyida Prehistoric cynodont genera Late Triassic synapsids of Europe Triassic England Triassic France Fossil taxa described in 1986 Taxa named by Denise Sigogneau‐Russell {{Pale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cynodont
The cynodonts () ( clade Cynodontia) are a clade of eutheriodont therapsids that first appeared in the Late Permian (approximately 260 mya), and extensively diversified after the Permian–Triassic extinction event. Cynodonts had a wide variety of lifestyles, including carnivory and herbivory. Mammals are cynodonts, as are their extinct ancestors and close relatives, having evolved from advanced probainognathian cynodonts during the Late Triassic. All other cynodont lines went extinct, with the last known non-mammalian cynodont group, the Tritylodontidae, having its youngest records in the Early Cretaceous. Description Early cynodonts have many of the skeletal characteristics of mammals. The teeth were fully differentiated and the braincase bulged at the back of the head. Outside of some crown-group mammals (notably the therians), all cynodonts probably laid eggs. The temporal fenestrae were much larger than those of their ancestors, and the widening of the zygomatic ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haramiyavia
''Haramiyavia'' ("thief grandmother" from Arabic الحرامية (al ḥarāmiyah), "thief, ''Haramiya''" + Latin avia, "grandmother") is a genus of synapsid in the clade Haramiyida that existed about 200 million years ago in the Rhaetian stage of the Triassic. Like other haramiyidans, it was likely a non-mammalian mammaliaform. It contains a single species, ''H. clemmenseni'' from the Fleming Fjord Formation of Greenland, and has been assigned to the monogeneric family Haramiyaviidae. Biology A study involving Mesozoic mammaliaform dietary habits ranks it among insectivorous A robber fly eating a hoverfly An insectivore is a carnivorous animal or plant that eats insects. An alternative term is entomophage, which can also refer to the human practice of eating insects. The first vertebrate insectivores were ... taxa.David M. Grossnickle, P. David Polly, Mammal disparity decreases during the Cretaceous angiosperm radiation, Published 2 October 2013.DOI: 10.109 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kollikodon
''Kollikodon'' is an extinct species of mammal, it is usually considered to be a member of Australosphenida and closely allied with monotremes, but is alternatively suggested to be a haramiyidan. It is known only from an opalised dentary fragment, with one premolar and two molars ''in situ'', as well as a referred maxillary fragment containing the last premolar and all four molars. The fossils were found in the Griman Creek Formation at Lightning Ridge, New South Wales, Australia, as was ''Steropodon''. ''Kollikodon'' lived in the Late Cretaceous period, during the Cenomanian age (99–96 million years ago). Etymology ''Kollix'' is an ancient Greek word (κολλίξ) for a bread roll. The strange teeth of ''Kollikodon'', when seen from above, resemble hot cross buns, traditionally toasted and eaten on Good Friday. Originally, Michael Archer wanted to name it "Hotcrossbunodon", but met disapproval from his associates. Description Like ''Steropodon'', ''Kollikodon'' was a re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hahnodon
''Hahnodon'' ("Hahn's tooth") is an extinct genus of mammaliaforms from the Early Cretaceous Ksar Metlili Formation in Morocco. Although originally considered to be a relatively early member of the extinct clade Multituberculata, recent studies indicate that it instead is a haramiyid. Fossils and distribution ''Hahnodon taqueti'' is based on a single lower molar found in Lower Cretaceous strata in Morocco. Classification Denise Sigogneau-Russell (1991) classified ''Hahnodon'' as a member of Multituberculata, but others later considered it to be related to members of Haramiyida. The description of ''Cifelliodon'' from North America confirmed that ''Hahnodon'' — and by extension, Hahnodontidae — belong to Haramiyida.Adam K. Huttenlocker; David M. Grossnickle; James I. Kirkland; Julia A. Schultz; Zhe-Xi Luo (2018). "Late-surviving stem mammal links the lowermost Cretaceous of North America and Gondwana". Nature. in press. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0126-y. References Bibliog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
