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Gugu Hat
Gugu hat (罟罟冠 or 固姑冠 or 顧姑冠 or 故姑冠; pronounced as Guguguan in Chinese) is a tall headdress worn by Mongol noblewomen before and during the Yuan dynasty.'''' It is also known as ''boqta,'' ''boghta,'' ''botta, boghtagh'' or ''boqtaq''.'''' The ''gugu hat'' was one of the hallmark headdress of Mongol women in the 13th and 14th century.'''' It was always worn with the formal robe of Mongol women.'''' The boqta also appeared in the Ilkhanate (1256–1335 AD), in Korea when Mongol princesses married in the Goryeo court, and continued to be used in the Timurid court in the 15th century AD. Terminology Gugu was a Mongolian word for hat; its name was then translated into Chinese based on its pronunciation. Construction and design The Gugu hat was made with wires made of iron and with bamboo strips; they were shaped in the form of a large flask. It had the shape of long cylindrical shaft which became more spread out at the top. It could be as tall as one foot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jokduri
A () is a type of traditional Korean coronet worn by women for special occasions such as weddings. Also known as a or , it consists of an outer crown covered with black silk, and an inner which is filled with cotton and hard paper. Its top is decorated with cloisonné ornaments. The upper part is vaguely hexagonal and the bottom is cylindrical. The form of the gets narrower towards its base. can be used to display the wearer's social status by being adorned with accessories made from gold or silver. History It is said that the was derived from the Mongolian woman's cap for outing, the ''Gugu hat, gogori'' (), in the late Goryeo period. It began to be used in that period as intermarriages between Goryeo and the Yuan dynasty of China happened. However, the during the Goryeo period is assumed to have been bigger and higher than the type seen in the Joseon period. During the Joseon dynasty, the became smaller, with little difference in the overall shape between the top and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Headgear
Chinese may refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people identified with China, through nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **Han Chinese, East Asian ethnic group native to China. **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of various ethnicities in contemporary China ** Ethnic minorities in China, people of non-Han Chinese ethnicities in modern China ** Ethnic groups in Chinese history, people of various ethnicities in historical China ** Nationals of the People's Republic of China ** Nationals of the Republic of China ** Overseas Chinese, Chinese people residing outside the territories of mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan * Sinitic languages, the major branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family ** Chinese language, a group of related languages spoken predominantly in China, sharing a written script (Chinese characters in traditional and simplified forms) *** Standard Chines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Culture Of The Yuan Dynasty
Culture ( ) is a concept that encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, attitudes, and habits of the individuals in these groups.Tylor, Edward. (1871). ''Primitive Culture''. Vol 1. New York: J. P. Putnam's Son Culture often originates from or is attributed to a specific region or location. Humans acquire culture through the learning processes of enculturation and socialization, which is shown by the diversity of cultures across societies. A cultural norm codifies acceptable conduct in society; it serves as a guideline for behavior, dress, language, and demeanor in a situation, which serves as a template for expectations in a social group. Accepting only a monoculture in a social group can bear risks, just as a single species can wither in the face of environmental change, for lack of functional responses to the change. Thus in military culture, valor is counted a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hennin
The hennin ( ; possibly from Flemish meaning cock or rooster) was a headdress in the shape of a pointed hat, cone, steeple, or truncated cone worn in the Late Middle Ages by European women of the nobility. They were most common in Duchy of Burgundy, Burgundy and France in the Middle Ages, France, but also elsewhere, especially at the English courts, and in Northern Europe, Hungary and Poland. They were little seen in Italy. It is unclear what styles the word ''hennin'' described at the time, though it is recorded as being used in French areas in 1428, probably before the conical style appeared. The word does not appear in English until the 19th century. The term is therefore used by some writers on costume for other female head-dresses of the period. In Popular culture, pop culture, the hennin is often used to identify princesses and other important women in a royal court. Conical hennins These appear from about 1430 onwards, especially after the mid-century, initially only ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulugh Beg
Mīrzā Muhammad Tarāghāy bin Shāhrukh (; ), better known as Ulugh Beg (; 22 March 1394 – 27 October 1449), was a Timurid sultan, as well as an astronomer and mathematician. Ulugh Beg was notable for his work in astronomy-related mathematics, such as trigonometry and spherical geometry, as well as his general interests in the arts and intellectual activities.Science in Islamic civilisation: proceedings of the international symposia: "Science institutions in Islamic civilisation", & "Science and technology in the Turkish and Islamic worl/ref> Ulugh Beg, OU Libraries, Britannica Academic It is thought that he spoke five languages: Arabic, Persian, Chaghatai Turkic, Mongolian, and a small amount of Chinese. During his rule (first as a governor, then outright) the Timurid Empire achieved the cultural peak of the Timurid Renaissance through his attention and patronage. Samarkand was captured and given to Ulugh Beg by his father Shah Rukh. He built the great ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rashid Ad-Din Sinan
Rashid al-Din Sinan ( ; 1131/1135 – 1193) also known as the Old Man of the Mountain ( ; ), was an Arab Muslim missionary () who served as the leader of the Nizari Ismaili state and the Order of Assassins from 1162 until his death in 1193. An adherent of Nizari Ismailism, a branch of Shia Islam, he was a prominent figure during the Crusades. Biography Early life and education Rashid ad-Din Sinan was born between the years 1131 and 1135 in Basra, southern Iraq, to a prosperous family. According to his autobiography, of which only fragments survive, Rashid came to Alamut, the fortress headquarters of the Assassins, as a youth after an argument with his brothers, and received the typical Assassin training. In 1162, the sect's leader Ḥassan ʿAlā Dhikrihi's Salām sent him to Syria, where he proclaimed ''Qiyamah'' (repeating the ceremony of Hassan II at Alamut), which in Nizari terminology meant the time of the Qa'im and the removal of Islamic law. Based at the Nizari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khatun
Khatun ( ) is a title of the female counterpart to a Khan (title), khan or a khagan of the Göktürks, Turkic Khaganates and in the subsequent Mongol Empire. Etymology and history Before the advent of Islam in Central Asia, Khatun was the title of the queen of Bukhara. According to the Encyclopaedia of Islam, "Khatun [is] a title of Sogdian language, Sogdian origin borne by the wives and female relatives of the Göktürks and subsequent Turkish rulers." According to Bruno De Nicola in ''Women in Mongol Iran: The Khatuns, 1206–1335'', the linguistic origins of the term "khatun" are unknown, though possibly of Old Turkic or Sogdian origin. De Nicola states that prior to the spread of the Mongols across Central Asia, Khatun meant 'lady' or 'noblewoman' and is found in broad usage in medieval Persian and Arabic texts. Peter Benjamin Golden observed that the title ''qatun'' appeared among the Göktürks as the title for the khagan's wife and was borrowed from Sogdian language, Sogdia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Budashiri
Budashiri or Buddhashiri (Mongolian: ᠪᠤᠳᠢᠰᠢᠷᠢ, , Sinicized as ''Putashali'', ) (c. 1307 – c. 1340) was Empress of China and Khatun of Mongols as the wife of Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür. She acted as an interim regent and was the prominent figure of the Yuan dynasty between 1332 and 1339; she was interim regent after the death of her husband and the election of his successor in 1332-1333, and then regent during the minority of his successor in 1333-1339. She came from the Khongirad clan. Her father was Prince Consort Diwabala, Prince of Lu, and her mother was Princess Supreme Sengge Ragi of Lu. Empress of Yuan It is uncertain when Budashiri became the wife of Tugh Temür, though she became empress in 1328 when her husband ascended the throne for the first time. In the early part of 1329, she received the imperial seal. During her husband's reign, the empress was responsible for exiling the young Toghon Temür to Goryeo, and then to Henan. Her claim was that he wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethnic Groups In Europe
Europeans are the focus of European ethnology, the field of anthropology related to the various ethnic groups that reside in the List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe, states of Europe. Groups may be defined by common ancestry, language, faith, historical continuity, etc. There are no universally accepted and precise definitions of the terms "ethnic group" and "nationality", but in the context of European ethnography in particular, the terms ''ethnic group'', ''people'', ''nationality'' and ''ethno-linguistic group'' are used as mostly synonymous. Preference may vary in usage with respect to the situation specific to the individual countries of Europe, and the context in which they may be classified by those terms. The total number of national minority populations in Europe is estimated at 105 million people, or 14% of 770 million Europeans in 2002.Christoph Pan, Beate Sibylle Pfeil (2002), Minderheitenrechte in Europa. Handbuch der europäischen Volksgrupp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan dynasty ( ; zh, c=元朝, p=Yuáncháo), officially the Great Yuan (; Mongolian language, Mongolian: , , literally 'Great Yuan State'), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after Division of the Mongol Empire, its division. It was established by Kublai (Emperor Shizu or Setsen Khan), the fifth khagan-emperor of the Mongol Empire from the Borjigin clan, and lasted from 1271 to 1368. In Chinese history, the Yuan dynasty followed the Song dynasty and preceded the Ming dynasty. Although Genghis Khan's enthronement as Khagan in 1206 was described in Chinese language, Chinese as the Han Chinese, Han-style title of Emperor of China, Emperor and the Mongol Empire had ruled territories including modern-day northern China for decades, it was not until 1271 that Kublai Khan officially proclaimed the dynasty in the traditional Han style, and the conquest was not complete until 1279 when the Southern Song dynasty was defeated in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hennin
The hennin ( ; possibly from Flemish meaning cock or rooster) was a headdress in the shape of a pointed hat, cone, steeple, or truncated cone worn in the Late Middle Ages by European women of the nobility. They were most common in Duchy of Burgundy, Burgundy and France in the Middle Ages, France, but also elsewhere, especially at the English courts, and in Northern Europe, Hungary and Poland. They were little seen in Italy. It is unclear what styles the word ''hennin'' described at the time, though it is recorded as being used in French areas in 1428, probably before the conical style appeared. The word does not appear in English until the 19th century. The term is therefore used by some writers on costume for other female head-dresses of the period. In Popular culture, pop culture, the hennin is often used to identify princesses and other important women in a royal court. Conical hennins These appear from about 1430 onwards, especially after the mid-century, initially only ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
